Download or read book Post immigration Fertility Patterns of Mexican Immigrant Women in the United States written by Anne Kilpatrick Driscoll and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assimilation Disruption and the Fertility of Mexican Origin Women in the United States written by Elizabeth H. Stephen and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Patterns of Fertility Variation Among Mexican Immigrants to the United States written by Frank D. Bean and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Generation Matters written by Sarah Anne Walchuk Thayer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What explains the curious pattern of Hispanic fertility in the United States? This dissertation explores this question, and in doing so sheds new light on processes of immigrant incorporation in the United States. I examine the fertility of Hispanic women across immigrant generations, and I also examine how the fertility of immigrants and their descendants compares with a mainstream non-Hispanic white population. Previous research on immigrant fertility has drawn predominantly on classic assimilation theory, as well as theories of selectivity and disruption to explain the fertility outcomes of immigrant women in the U.S. These theories have some empirical support, but tests of them have been fairly inconsistent or inconclusive. To date, there is no coherent theory of immigrant fertility. I argue that a theory of segmented assimilation with an intergenerational disjuncture hypothesis offers the most compelling explanation for observed Hispanic fertility patterns. In an analysis of European, Asian, and Hispanic immigrant generations, I find that fertility change across immigrant generations of European and Asian women is largely consonant with what we would expect from a classic assimilation perspective--also consonant with the upwardly mobile path within a segmented assimilation framework. Although individual level demographic and socioeconomic covariates largely explain the differences between most of the European and Asian immigrant groups and their non-Hispanic white peers, they do not explain the Hispanic fertility differential. I find that a puzzling U-shaped pattern of Hispanic fertility across immigrant generations remains even after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors. Strikingly, fertility decline reverses from the second to the third generation, diverging from the reference population. In a new contribution to the body of literature on immigrant fertility outcomes, I find that the composition of parent nativity of second generation women is an important predictor of their lower fertility relative to third generation women, even if the exact mechanism of action is still unknown. I theorize a number of ways this mechanism could function and argue that this finding is further evidence that fertility change across immigrant generations in the U.S. is best explained within a segmented assimilation framework enriched by an intergenerational disjunctures hypothesis. I also find evidence that women who can do so are opting out of Hispanic identity by the third generation. Second generation women of Hispanic origin (identified as such through the nativity of their parents) who did not self-identify as Hispanic are measurably different from their peers who identified as Hispanic on almost all socioeconomic, intergenerational disjuncture factors and contextual variables. The women with discordant identities are clearly a distinct group, and the explanation for this may be tightly linked to segmented assimilation theory, where selective identity occurs at the site of conflict between structural assimilation and cultural factors. By the third generation, women who have achieved assimilation to a mainstream reference group may choose not to identify themselves as Hispanic. The unique pattern of Hispanic fertility, that is, the higher fertility rates we observe in third generation Hispanic women, may be due partially to selection out of Hispanic identity. Taken together, the findings point to an assimilation process in which Hispanic immigrants become racialized and sent back to the underclass. I show that while second generation Hispanic women are characterized by much higher educational achievement, employment, and household income relative to their first generation peers, the trend stagnates or reverses by the third generation. Hope builds up with the second generation, and even legitimates some sacrifices, as exemplified by fewer children. But these immigrants and their children learn that educational achievement in the U.S. does not translate into long term gains, at least for them. Although this work sought to explain the puzzle of Hispanic fertility across immigrant generations within a segmented assimilation framework, in the end, we may find that the more theoretically compelling site of inquiry may be found by turning the question on its head. How does the curious pattern of Hispanic fertility across immigrant generations help enrich our theories of immigrant incorporation? No demographic work to date has tested the hypothesis that a selection effect with respect to ethnic identification may be taking place with third generation Hispanic women. An analysis here of second generation women finds a selection effect--that is, women who have achieved assimilation on other measures may be opting out of Hispanic identity--and suggests that this process of selection continues into the third generation and beyond. This possibility contributes a new and important modification to the segmented assimilation thesis. The findings from this dissertation demonstrate that analyses of vital events can contribute important insights into immigrant incorporation in the U.S.
Download or read book Fertile Matters written by Elena R. Gutiérrez and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the stereotype of the persistently pregnant Mexican-origin woman is longstanding, in the past fifteen years her reproduction has been targeted as a major social problem for the United States. Due to fear-fueled news reports and public perceptions about the changing composition of the nation's racial and ethnic makeup—the so-called Latinization of America—the reproduction of Mexican immigrant women has become a central theme in contemporary U. S. politics since the early 1990s. In this exploration, Elena R. Gutiérrez considers these public stereotypes of Mexican American and Mexican immigrant women as "hyper-fertile baby machines" who "breed like rabbits." She draws on social constructionist perspectives to examine the historical and sociopolitical evolution of these racial ideologies, and the related beliefs that Mexican-origin families are unduly large and that Mexican American and Mexican immigrant women do not use birth control. Using the coercive sterilization of Mexican-origin women in Los Angeles as a case study, Gutiérrez opens a dialogue on the racial politics of reproduction, and how they have developed for women of Mexican origin in the United States. She illustrates how the ways we talk and think about reproduction are part of a system of racial domination that shapes social policy and affects individual women's lives.
Download or read book The Fertility of Immigrant Women written by Francine D. Blau and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using data from the 1970 and 1980 Censuses, we examined the fertility of immigrant women from the Middle East, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean where fertility rates averaged in excess of 5.5 children per women during the period of immigration to the U.S. Perhaps the most interesting finding of this study is that immigrants from these on average high fertility source countries were found to have very similar unadjusted fertility to native-born women. The small immigrant-native differential appears to reflect the selectivity of immigrants as a low fertility group both relative to source country populations and to native-born women with similar personal characteristics (a relatively high fertility group in the U.S.). Immigrant fertility is also depressed relative to natives in the 1970 cross-section by the tendency of immigration to disrupt fertility. Tracking the relative fertility of synthetic cohorts of immigrants across the 1970 and 1980 Censuses, we found that immigrant fertility, especially of the most recent cohort of immigrants in 1970, increased relative to otherwise similar natives over the decade. Despite this increase in relative fertility, the fertility of these immigrants remained below that of natives with similar personal characteristics in 1980. One trend of interest is that recent arrivals had higher adjusted fertility relative to both natives and longer term immigrants in 1980 than in 1970. This in part represents the impact of declining birthrates in the U.S. over this period, while source country fertility rates remained on average fairly constant.
Download or read book Determinants of Fertility Across Context written by Kari Lyn White and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immigrant women are frequently found to have higher fertility relative to women in the majority population. This is often attributed to their socioeconomic characteristics, cultural preferences and patterns of childbearing, and adaptation to the destination context. However, several limitations in the research to date may mask the associations and processes which shape women's fertility: 1) frequently used indicators are not sensitive to the way in which fertility is shaped by the migration process 2) key proximate determinants of fertility are often not integrated into analyses and 3) non-migrant women in sending countries are often excluded as a reference for immigrant women's childbearing behavior. In order to assess how women's migratory moves and social context affect fertility, I compare the risk of first birth and patterns of contraceptive use at higher-order parities for non-migrant, immigrant and native-born women. For these analyses, I use data from nationally-representative surveys of reproductive health and family formation from Mexico, the United States, Turkey and Germany. The results from these analyses demonstrate that both foreign-born Mexican- and Turkish-origin immigrant women experience first birth earlier than non-migrants, second generation immigrants, and native-born women at destination. However the underlying determinants of earlier birth are different for these two groups. There are also differences for second generation women; US-born Mexicans experience first birth at significantly younger ages than whites, whereas age at first birth is very similar for German-born Turkish women and ethnic Germans. Furthermore, patterns of contraceptive use among immigrant women who have at least one child are notably different than patterns observed for non-migrants. US-born women have similar contraceptive use compared to whites, but Mexican-born women are less likely to use permanent and highly effective methods, even after controlling for fertility intentions. Turkish-origin women in Germany exhibit large differences in contraceptive use relative to non-migrant women, particularly the very low reported use of withdrawal. These findings indicate that fertility determinants vary across origin and destination context. The observed differences between Mexican- and Turkish-origin women suggest that distinct processes of migration, socialization, and access to contraception lead to variation in the fertility outcomes for these two groups.
Download or read book Understanding the Future of Californians Fertility written by Laura E. Hill and published by Public Policy Instit. of CA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fertility of Immigrants written by Nadja Milewski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-09 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, “Fertility of Immigrants: A Two-Generational Approach in Germany” by Dr. Nadja Milewski, is the sixth book of a series of Demographic Research Monographs published by Springer Verlag. Dr. Milewski is now working for the University of Rostock, but at the time she wrote the book, she was a research scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. The book is a slightly-revised version of her doctoral dissertation (“Fertility of Immigrants and Their Descendants in West Germany: An Event History Approach”), which she completed at the Max Planck Institute and submitted to the University of Rostock. She was awarded highest honors, summa cum laude, for her dissertation. As Professor Jan Hoem wrote in his review of Dr. Milewski’s dissertation, the research focuses on the patterns and levels of childbearing among immigrant women. Given Germany’s varied immigration experience with refugees, asylum seekers, guest workers, and foreign-born persons of German ancestry, Dr. Milewski’s topic is of particular interest, especially with regard to differences in the patterns and levels of childbearing among various kinds of immigrants to Germany vs. native-born Germans. Numerous empirical and theoretical studies of childbearing among immigrants to various countries have been published and Dr. Milewski carefully reviews them. While earlier studies have tended to be rather fragmentary, particularly for European populations, Dr. Milewski’s research provides a comp- hensive picture of the recent female fertility of post-war migrants and their desc- dants in West Germany, with an emphasis on migrants who came to Germany to work.
Download or read book Immigration and the Work Force written by George J. Borjas and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970s, the striking increase in immigration to the United States has been accompanied by a marked change in the composition of the immigrant community, with a much higher percentage of foreign-born workers coming from Latin America and Asia and a dramatically lower percentage from Europe. This timely study is unique in presenting new data sets on the labor force, wage rates, and demographic conditions of both the U.S. and source-area economies through the 1980s. The contributors analyze the economic effects of immigration on the United States and selected source areas, with a focus on Puerto Rico and El Salvador. They examine the education and job performance of foreign-born workers; assimilation, fertility, and wage rates; and the impact of remittances by immigrants to family members on the overall gross domestic product of source areas. A revealing and original examination of a topic of growing importance, this book will stand as a guide for further research on immigration and on the economies of developing countries.
Download or read book Mexican Immigration to the United States written by George J. Borjas and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From debates on Capitol Hill to the popular media, Mexican immigrants are the subject of widespread controversy. By 2003, their growing numbers accounted for 28.3 percent of all foreign-born inhabitants of the United States. Mexican Immigration to the United States analyzes the astonishing economic impact of this historically unprecedented exodus. Why do Mexican immigrants gain citizenship and employment at a slower rate than non-Mexicans? Does their migration to the U.S. adversely affect the working conditions of lower-skilled workers already residing there? And how rapid is the intergenerational mobility among Mexican immigrant families? This authoritative volume provides a historical context for Mexican immigration to the U.S. and reports new findings on an immigrant influx whose size and character will force us to rethink economic policy for decades to come. Mexican Immigration to the United States will be necessary reading for anyone concerned about social conditions and economic opportunities in both countries.
Download or read book The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.
Download or read book Hispanics and the Future of America written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hispanics and the Future of America presents details of the complex story of a population that varies in many dimensions, including national origin, immigration status, and generation. The papers in this volume draw on a wide variety of data sources to describe the contours of this population, from the perspectives of history, demography, geography, education, family, employment, economic well-being, health, and political engagement. They provide a rich source of information for researchers, policy makers, and others who want to better understand the fast-growing and diverse population that we call "Hispanic." The current period is a critical one for getting a better understanding of how Hispanics are being shaped by the U.S. experience. This will, in turn, affect the United States and the contours of the Hispanic future remain uncertain. The uncertainties include such issues as whether Hispanics, especially immigrants, improve their educational attainment and fluency in English and thereby improve their economic position; whether growing numbers of foreign-born Hispanics become citizens and achieve empowerment at the ballot box and through elected office; whether impending health problems are successfully averted; and whether Hispanics' geographic dispersal accelerates their spatial and social integration. The papers in this volume provide invaluable information to explore these issues.
Download or read book The New Americans written by Panel on the Demographic and Economic Impacts of Immigration and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-10-28 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds light on one of the most controversial issues of the decade. It identifies the economic gains and losses from immigration--for the nation, states, and local areas--and provides a foundation for public discussion and policymaking. Three key questions are explored: What is the influence of immigration on the overall economy, especially national and regional labor markets? What are the overall effects of immigration on federal, state, and local government budgets? What effects will immigration have on the future size and makeup of the nation's population over the next 50 years? The New Americans examines what immigrants gain by coming to the United States and what they contribute to the country, the skills of immigrants and those of native-born Americans, the experiences of immigrant women and other groups, and much more. It offers examples of how to measure the impact of immigration on government revenues and expenditures--estimating one year's fiscal impact in California, New Jersey, and the United States and projecting the long-run fiscal effects on government revenues and expenditures. Also included is background information on immigration policies and practices and data on where immigrants come from, what they do in America, and how they will change the nation's social fabric in the decades to come.
Download or read book Multiple Origins Uncertain Destinies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given current demographic trends, nearly one in five U.S. residents will be of Hispanic origin by 2025. This major demographic shift and its implications for both the United States and the growing Hispanic population make Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies a most timely book. This report from the National Research Council describes how Hispanics are transforming the country as they disperse geographically. It considers their roles in schools, in the labor market, in the health care system, and in U.S. politics. The book looks carefully at the diverse populations encompassed by the term "Hispanic," representing immigrants and their children and grandchildren from nearly two dozen Spanish-speaking countries. It describes the trajectory of the younger generations and established residents, and it projects long-term trends in population aging, social disparities, and social mobility that have shaped and will shape the Hispanic experience.
Download or read book The Hispanic Population of the United States written by Frank D. Bean and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1988-05-26 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hispanic population in the United States is a richly diverse and changing segment of our national community. Frank Bean and Marta Tienda emphasize a shifting cluster of populations—Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, Spanish, and Caribbean—as they examine fertility and immigration, family and marriage patterns, education, earnings, and employment. They discuss, for instance, the effectiveness of bilingual education, recommending instead culturally supportive programs that will benefit both Hispanic and non-Hispanic students. A study of the geographic distribution of Hispanics shows that their tendency to live in metropolitan areas may, in fact, result in an isolation which denies them equal access to schooling, jobs, and health care. Bean and Tienda offer a critical, much-needed assessment of how Hispanics are faring and what the issues for the future will be. Their findings reveal and reflect differences in the Hispanic population that will influence policy decisions and affect the Hispanic community on regional and national levels. "...represents the state of the art for quantitative analysis of ethnic groups in the United States." —American Journal of Sociology A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation Census Series
Download or read book Immigration and Immigrants written by Michael Fix and published by Urban Institute Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
