Download or read book Post fire Forest Recovery and Restoration in a Changing Climate written by Derek Jon Nies Young and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yellow pine and mixed-conifer (YPMC) forests in California are subject to multiple anthropogenic pressures, including fire suppression and climate change. Although YPMC forests historically experienced a high-frequency, low-severity fire regime, fire suppression has resulted in increased fuel loads and has therefore increased the severity of the fires that do occur. Some of the historically dominant tree species in YPMC forests, particularly pines (Pinus spp.), establish primarily following wildfire. However, the increasing extent of severely-burned areas with few nearby seed sources for conifer regeneration has resulted in poor post-fire tree recruitment across large areas. Climate change has the potential to further substantially alter post-fire regeneration patterns. When post-fire tree regeneration is poor, managers often plant tree seedlings in order to speed forest recovery. However, little is known about (a) how natural post-fire tree regeneration patterns may change as climate changes and (b) how appropriate seed sources for post-fire tree seedling plantings should be selected. Further, despite the fact that most studies of climate change impacts rely on modeled climate variables when examining the relationship between climate and vegetation, there has been little critical evaluation of several important climate variables that are increasingly used in ecological analyses. I address these knowledge gaps in this dissertation. In Chapter 1, I evaluate some central assumptions that are made when modeling climatic water balance variables including actual evapotranspiration (AET) and climatic water deficit (CWD). I find that the assumptions can substantially affect both the absolute and relative values of modeled AET and CWD across landscapes—as well as the inferences drawn from ecological analyses that apply the variables—despite the fact that there is no practical means for avoiding the need to make assumptions. Representing the hydrological climate using simple precipitation variables may introduce less bias than using AET and CWD. In Chapter 2, I use recent interannual variation in precipitation to evaluate the sensitivity of post-fire tree recruitment to changes in precipitation patterns. I find that while post-fire recruitment of some conifer species is reduced—and recruitment of shrubs increased—under post-fire drought, the response of post-fire tree seedling species composition to weather variation is constrained by the species composition of the surrounding unburned forest. Forest tree community composition thus may not rapidly shift as climate changes. Finally, in Chapter 3, I test the application of assisted gene flow—the managed relocation of genotypes within the species’ range—in large-scale post-fire restoration plantings. I find that in the short term, under anomalously hot and dry conditions, trees grown from seed collected at elevations below the planting site generally perform as well as, if not significantly better than, trees grown from seed collected near the planting site. However, challenges specific to large-scale restoration projects—in particular, the use of seed collections that are not geographically precise—can complicate selection of appropriate provenances and lead to unexpected results. Overall, the work in this dissertation contributes to increased potential to understand and predict the natural response of forest ecosystems to climate change and to update management practices in response to changes in climate.

Download or read book Post Fire Management and Restoration of Southern European Forests written by Francisco Moreira and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-10 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of all the efforts made in fire prevention and suppression, every year about 45 000 forest fires occur in Europe, burning ca. 0.5 million hectares of forests and other rural lands. The management of these burned forests has been given much less attention than fire prevention or fire suppression issues, but the post-fire management of burned areas raises strong concerns (economic and social impacts, soil erosion and water quality, biodiversity loss, forest restoration). Although there are a few publications which address post-fire management, the focus of these has been either on general approaches to restoration or specific topics such as preventing post-fire soil erosion. This book is about the post-fire management of fire-prone forest types in southern Europe. It provides the first comprehensive overview of the topic, ranging from stand-level to landscape-level management, and from emergency actions to long-term restoration approaches.

Download or read book Fire Effects on Soil Properties written by Paulo Pereira and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildland fires are occurring more frequently and affecting more of Earth's surface than ever before. These fires affect the properties of soils and the processes by which they form, but the nature of these impacts has not been well understood. Given that healthy soil is necessary to sustain biodiversity, ecosystems and agriculture, the impact of fire on soil is a vital field of research. Fire Effects on Soil Properties brings together current research on the effects of fire on the physical, biological and chemical properties of soil. Written by over 60 international experts in the field, it includes examples from fire-prone areas across the world, dealing with ash, meso and macrofauna, smouldering fires, recurrent fires and management of fire-affected soils. It also describes current best practice methodologies for research and monitoring of fire effects and new methodologies for future research. This is the first time information on this topic has been presented in a single volume and the book will be an important reference for students, practitioners, managers and academics interested in the effects of fire on ecosystems, including soil scientists, geologists, forestry researchers and environmentalists.

Download or read book Restoring forest landscapes through assisted natural regeneration ANR A practical manual written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-07-19 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Case studies and experiences with natural regeneration from the region have shown that natural regeneration significantly reduces the cost of restoration in areas that meet certain conditions. Native species that are adapted to the prevailing conditions re-establish on their own with some assistance, achieving accelerated growth in accordance with natural succession, leading to the recovery of native ecosystems. Restoration strategies based on natural regeneration also provide low-cost opportunities for conserving biodiversity and enhancing ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration and watershed protection. This manual describes procedures from almost 20 years of FAO experience with assisted natural regeneration (ANR) in the Philippines and more recently in Indonesia, Cambodia and Lao PDR. In each of these countries, the method was applied for different objectives and convincingly validated ANR’s cost effectiveness. There is an increasing recognition of the benefits and advantages of ANR in light of the ambitious global, regional and national forest restoration targets, and there are considerable opportunities to expand the application of ANR through various restoration related initiatives. It is hoped that this manual can serve as a field reference in guiding the application of ANR for forest restoration.

Download or read book Fire Effects on Soils and Restoration Strategies written by A Cerda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-01-05 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been published a decade after Fires Effects on Ecosystems by DeBano, Neary, and Folliott (1998), and builds on their foundation to update knowledge on natural post-fire processes and describe the use and effectiveness of various restoration strategies that may be applied when human intervention is warranted. The chapters in this book,

Download or read book Wildfire and Climate Change in Mixed conifer Ecosystems of the Northern Rockies written by Kerry B. Kemp and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As disturbances continue to become more frequent and extensive with climate change, increasing concern is mounting about the ability of dry-mixed conifer forests to recover after wildfire. This concern stems in part from past management strategies, which have impacted the resilience of these forests. As such, future actions that managers propose to deal with climate change impacts will inevitably affect future resilience of these forests. My dissertation examined how climate, disturbance, and landscape variables influenced tree regeneration in dry mixed-conifer forests of the northern Rocky Mountains, using field data combined with downscaled climate data and satellite-derived burn severity data to characterize post-fire seedling regeneration across environmental gradients. Additionally, I examined how forest managers are thinking about climate change impacts and the adaptation measures they are considering to deal with these changes using a combination of breakout group discussions during workshops, interviews and surveys. Distance to a live seed source was one of the most important variables influencing the potential of post-fire regeneration after recent fires. The heterogeneity of the burned mosaic insures that most (> 80%) of the burned landscape is within a distance to live trees for successful regeneration, suggesting high resilience of these forests to recent fire. As climate continue to warm, however, temperature may outweigh the influence of seed source availability on seedling regeneration and the post-fire environment may no longer be favorable for regeneration in much (80%) of the existing dry mixed-conifer zone. Managers desire local climate change predictions that will help them identify thresholds for species resistance or resilience to propose effective management actions. These types of data will help managers move from using current management strategies to using more novel and appropriate techniques to help forests remain resilient to a variety of uncertain future changes. Understanding the diverse and interacting ecological and social factors that influence the recovery or decline of dry mixed-conifer forests will increasingly improve predictions about the future impacts of disturbance, climate change, and management.

Download or read book Fire Ecology and Management Past Present and Future of US Forested Ecosystems written by Cathryn H. Greenberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents original scientific research and knowledge synthesis covering the past, present, and potential future fire ecology of major US forest types, with implications for forest management in a changing climate. The editors and authors highlight broad patterns among ecoregions and forest types, as well as detailed information for individual ecoregions, for fire frequencies and severities, fire effects on tree mortality and regeneration, and levels of fire-dependency by plant and animal communities. The foreword addresses emerging ecological and fire management challenges for forests, in relation to sustainable development goals as highlighted in recent government reports. An introductory chapter highlights patterns of variation in frequencies, severities, scales, and spatial patterns of fire across ecoregions and among forested ecosystems across the US in relation to climate, fuels, topography and soils, ignition sources (lightning or anthropogenic), and vegetation. Separate chapters by respected experts delve into the fire ecology of major forest types within US ecoregions, with a focus on the level of plant and animal fire-dependency, and the role of fire in maintaining forest composition and structure. The regional chapters also include discussion of historic natural (lightning-ignited) and anthropogenic (Native American; settlers) fire regimes, current fire regimes as influenced by recent decades of fire suppression and land use history, and fire management in relation to ecosystem integrity and restoration, wildfire threat, and climate change. The summary chapter combines the major points of each chapter, in a synthesis of US-wide fire ecology and forest management into the future. This book provides current, organized, readily accessible information for the conservation community, land managers, scientists, students and educators, and others interested in how fire behavior and effects on structure and composition differ among ecoregions and forest types, and what that means for forest management today and in the future.

Download or read book Tree Seedling Growth Survival and Morphology in Response to Landscape Level Variation in Soil Resource Availability written by Laura Ann Schreeg and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Firestorm written by Edward Struzik and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Frightening...Firestorm comes alive when Struzik discusses the work of offbeat scientists." —New York Times Book Review "Comprehensive and compelling." —Booklist "A powerful message." —Kirkus "Should be required reading." —Library Journal For two months in the spring of 2016, the world watched as wildfire ravaged the Canadian town of Fort McMurray. Firefighters named the fire “the Beast.” It acted like a mythical animal, alive with destructive energy, and they hoped never to see anything like it again. Yet it’s not a stretch to imagine we will all soon live in a world in which fires like the Beast are commonplace. A glance at international headlines shows a remarkable increase in higher temperatures, stronger winds, and drier lands– a trifecta for igniting wildfires like we’ve rarely seen before. This change is particularly noticeable in the northern forests of the United States and Canada. These forests require fire to maintain healthy ecosystems, but as the human population grows, and as changes in climate, animal and insect species, and disease cause further destabilization, wildfires have turned into a potentially uncontrollable threat to human lives and livelihoods. Our understanding of the role fire plays in healthy forests has come a long way in the past century. Despite this, we are not prepared to deal with an escalation of fire during periods of intense drought and shorter winters, earlier springs, potentially more lightning strikes and hotter summers. There is too much fuel on the ground, too many people and assets to protect, and no plan in place to deal with these challenges. In Firestorm, journalist Edward Struzik visits scorched earth from Alaska to Maine, and introduces the scientists, firefighters, and resource managers making the case for a radically different approach to managing wildfire in the 21st century. Wildfires can no longer be treated as avoidable events because the risk and dangers are becoming too great and costly. Struzik weaves a heart-pumping narrative of science, economics, politics, and human determination and points to the ways that we, and the wilder inhabitants of the forests around our cities and towns, might yet flourish in an age of growing megafires.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on the Conservation and Restoration of Tropical Dry Forests written by Bhadouria, Rahul and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-09-27 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical dry forests are the most exploited and endangered ecosystems in the world. A combination of climatic and human factors often reduce these forests to patches of dry scrubs or savannas. Because these ecosystems experience a more arduous and less anticipated environment, they are more prone to environmental stress as plant communities are developed. Therefore, urgent research is necessary to understand both the detrimental issues and problem-solving approaches to conserving these important forests. The Handbook of Research on the Conservation and Restoration of Tropical Dry Forests is a pivotal reference source that combines theory and practice on the current trends and issues in this important ecological subject and discusses future challenges towards conservation strategies of these tropical dry forests. While highlighting topics such as forest management, natural regeneration, and silviculture, this publication examines the anthropogenic impacts on tropical dry forests and the necessity to rebuild their ecosystems. This book is ideally designed for state forest agency professionals, resource managers, non-governmental organization agents, ecologists, botanists, environmentalists, students, and researchers seeking current research on the threats to these forests.

Download or read book Operationalizing Resilience of Social ecological Systems to Changing Climate and Fire in US Northern Rocky Mountain Forests written by Kristin Helen Braziunas and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current rates of change in climate and disturbance threaten ecosystem resilience, and means of operationalizing resilience in real-world landscapes are urgently needed. My dissertation tackles this knowledge gap by using multiple approaches to measure, anticipate, and manage for resilience in ecological systems (forests) and social-ecological systems [forested wildland urban interface (WUI) landscapes]. I investigated how changes in climate and fire affected conifer-dominated forests in the US Northern Rocky Mountains, asking: (1) how well remotely sensed data mapped forest fuels and how burn severity differed between young and mature forests; (2) how potential interactions between fire return interval and post-fire drought affected forest recovery and fuels in paired short- ( 30 year) and long- ( 125 year) interval fires; (3) how fuels treatment effectiveness varied with amount and configuration of houses and under changing climate using a process-based forest simulation model; and (4) how spatially contrasting fuels treatment strategies affected fire safety and forest ecosystem service supply in WUI landscapes. Lidar-imagery fusion accurately predicted forest fuels, and young subalpine forests burned at similar severity as mature forests. Post-fire tree stem density was nearly 10-fold lower following short- versus long-interval fires in subalpine forests; differences between paired plots increased with warmer-drier climate and were amplified farther from live forest. Declines in live fuels following short-interval fire could limit burn severity and fire intensity under increasing fire frequency. Treating approximately 30% of the WUI every 10 years reduced risk even under substantial climate change, and fire risk was lower in clustered versus dispersed WUI developments. However, climate and fire, rather than fuels treatment, were the dominant drivers of future forest ecosystem service supply, with most indicators declining by more than 80% by 2099. My work suggests multiple drivers will act synergistically to reduce forest resilience but increased reburning is likely to limit future fire behavior. WUI protection can meaningfully reduce fire risk but sustaining forest ecosystem services may be unattainable in fire-prone landscapes. If the current climate change trajectory continues, people will need to adapt to new ecosystems and adjust expectations of the services they can provide.

Download or read book Plantation Forests and Biodiversity Oxymoron or Opportunity written by Eckehard G. Brockerhoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 Plantation forests and biodiversity: Oxymoron or opportunity? Forests form the natural vegetation over much of the Earth’s land, and they are critical for the survival of innumerable organisms. The ongoing loss of natural forests, which in some regions may have taken many millennia to develop, is one of the main reasons for the decline of biodiversity. Preventing the further destruction of forests and protecting species and ecosystems within forests have become central issues for environmental agencies, forest managers, and gove- ments. In this di?cult task science has an important role in informing policy and management as to how to go about this. So how do industrial and other pl- tation forests ?t into this? Plantation forests, comprised of rows of planted trees that may be destined for pulp or sawmills after only a few years of growth, appear to have little to c- tribute to the conservation of biodiversity. Yet there is more to this than meets the eye (of the casual observer), and there are indeed numerous opportunities, and often untapped potential, for biodiversity conservation in plantation forestry. With plantation forests expanding at a rate of approximately three million hectares per year, it is crucial to understand how plantations can make a positive contribution to biodiversity conservation and how the potentially negative impacts of this land use can be minimised. That is the topic of this book.

Download or read book Post Fire Management and Restoration of Southern European Forests written by Francisco Moreira and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-02 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of all the efforts made in fire prevention and suppression, every year about 45 000 forest fires occur in Europe, burning ca. 0.5 million hectares of forests and other rural lands. The management of these burned forests has been given much less attention than fire prevention or fire suppression issues, but the post-fire management of burned areas raises strong concerns (economic and social impacts, soil erosion and water quality, biodiversity loss, forest restoration). Although there are a few publications which address post-fire management, the focus of these has been either on general approaches to restoration or specific topics such as preventing post-fire soil erosion. This book is about the post-fire management of fire-prone forest types in southern Europe. It provides the first comprehensive overview of the topic, ranging from stand-level to landscape-level management, and from emergency actions to long-term restoration approaches.

Download or read book Restoring Forests After Catastrophic Events written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mountain Ash written by David Lindenmayer and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2015-11-02 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mountain Ash draws together exciting new findings on the effects of fire and on post-fire ecological dynamics following the 2009 wildfires in the Mountain Ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria. The book integrates data on forests, carbon, fire dynamics and other factors, building on 6 years of high-quality, multi-faceted research coupled with 25 years of pre-fire insights. Topics include: the unexpected effects of fires of varying severity on populations of large old trees and their implications for the dynamics of forest ecosystems; relationships between forest structure, condition and age and their impacts on fire severity; relationships between logging and fire severity; the unexpectedly low level of carbon stock losses from burned forests, including those burned at very high severity; impacts of fire at the site and landscape levels on arboreal marsupials; persistence of small mammals and birds on burned sites, including areas subject to high-severity fire, and its implications for understanding how species in this group exhibit post-fire recovery patterns. With spectacular images of the post-fire environment, Mountain Ash will be an important reference for scientists and students with interests in biodiversity, forests and fire.

Download or read book Patterns and Trajectories of Postfire Plant Communities in Greater Yellowstone written by Nathaniel Kiel and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changing global drivers are eroding ecosystem resilience. As change continues, determining the implications of ecosystem transformations must be coupled with "climate change education" and evidence-based undergraduate biology curricula to train the next generation of scientists. My dissertation addresses each need in turn. First, I use remote sensing and field studies to understand the drivers and effects of poor subalpine forest recovery following large, stand-replacing wildfire in the U.S. Northern Rocky Mountains. I ask: (1) how extensive is forest conversion to sparse or non-forest three decades after the 1988 Yellowstone fires, and what drives its distribution? (2) how does forest conversion affect subalpine forest understory plant communities, aboveground carbon stocks, and the potential for forest recovery? and (3) how do anomalously frequent (30-year fire-return interval) stand-replacing wildfires in forests adapted to historically infrequent (125-year fire-return interval) fires alter understory plant communities? I complement these studies with the development and assessment of new undergraduate curricula on systems thinking and biogeochemical cycling, incorporating gameplay and simple simulation modeling to ask: how do student attitudes toward and understanding of the nitrogen cycle change following game- and inquiry-based learning? Subalpine forest conversion 30 years after the 1988 fires was extensive, covering ~41,000 hectares of previously forested area primarily at higher elevations and further from surrounding unburned forest. While much of this area appears "locked in" to sparse or non-forest, other areas may yet recover to forest owing to seed pressure from ex situ and in situ sources. Understory plant communities increasingly resembled meadow communities where tree densities were lowest, and aboveground carbon stock recovery was diminished. Understory communities were also affected by minimal forest recovery following anomalously frequent fire, with shifts toward shade-intolerant species and species from lower elevation zones adapted to drier conditions. Finally, undergraduate students in an intermediate general ecology course self-identified improved attitudes toward and understanding of the nitrogen cycle, largely attributing these changes to gameplay of "The N Game" and active lecture. This research elucidates how changing climate and disturbance will alter forest ecosystems and how evidence-based teaching approaches may help train undergraduate students to address these and other global challenges.

Download or read book Ecological Restoration written by Andre F. Clewell and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of ecological restoration is a rapidly growing discipline that encompasses a wide range of activities and brings together practitioners and theoreticians from a variety of backgrounds and perspectives, ranging from volunteer backyard restorationists to highly trained academic scientists and professional consultants. Ecological Restoration offers for the first time a unified vision of ecological restoration as a field of study, one that clearly states the discipline’s precepts and emphasizes issues of importance to those involved at all levels. In a lively, personal fashion, the authors discuss scientific and practical aspects of the field as well as the human needs and values that motivate practitioners. The book: -identifies fundamental concepts upon which restoration is based -considers the principles of restoration practice -explores the diverse values that are fulfilled with the restoration of ecosystems -reviews the structure of restoration practice, including the various contexts for restoration work, the professional development of its practitioners, and the relationships of restoration with allied fields and activities A unique feature of the book is the inclusion of eight “virtual field trips,” short photo essays of project sites around the world that illustrate various points made in the book and are “led” by those who were intimately involved with the project described. Throughout, ecological restoration is conceived as a holistic endeavor, one that addresses issues of ecological degradation, biodiversity loss, and sustainability science simultaneously, and draws upon cultural resources and local skills and knowledge in restoration work.