Download or read book Post earthquake Restoration Modeling for Critical Lifeline Systems written by Zehra Cagnan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling Post earthquake Restoration of the Los Angeles Water Supply System written by Taronne Harris Pearson Tabucchi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this thesis is to develop a discrete event simulation model of post-earthquake restoration for the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) water supply system. Discrete event simulation, a new approach to modeling post-disaster lifeline restoration, offers many benefits for restoration modeling compared to alternative methods. The water supply system and restoration process are represented in great detail with few simplifications. The utility company's decision variables (e.g., number of repair crews, repair prioritization rules) are included explicitly, allowing exploration of their effects on the speed of the restoration. Restoration times are estimated separately for each region within the service area, and uncertainty in the process is modeled explicitly. With a service area of more than 1,200 km2 and 12,000 km of pipelines, the LADWP water supply system is the largest municipal system in the United States. Extensive review of the LADWP water organization, water supply system, and postearthquake restoration process was conducted. This review provided the basis for the restoration model. Crews, tasks, and the different phases in the restoration process came directly from discussions with LADWP personnel and the water organization's emergency response plans. For a particular earthquake, the restoration model takes as input information about damage to the system and the resulting hydraulic flow, both of which are provided by the Graphical Iterative Response Analysis for Flow Following Earthquakes (GIRAFFE) model that was developed for the LADWP system (Shi 2006, Wang 2006). Throughout the restoration simulation, the model interacts with GIRAFFE periodically in order to receive updates of the system functionality at specific times as the restoration process proceeds and damage is repaired. The restoration model provides several different types of output including system and subregion restoration curves; spatial distribution of restoration; material usage; crew usage; average time each customer is without water; and time to restore the system and subregions to 90%, 98%, and 100%. It can also include damage uncertainty by combining the output from runs for multiple realizations of damage associated with a single earthquake. The model can be used to help estimate economic and societal losses due to water supply system outages, and to evaluate the effectiveness of possible restoration improvement strategies. Ten simulations of the restoration model were run using real damage data from the 1994 Northridge earthquake as input, and the results were compared to the actual restoration that took place following Northridge. The average spatial distribution of restoration roughly matches what occurred in 1994. As in real life, the areas experiencing longer outages in the model are mainly in the north of the system service area or around the San Fernando Valley. The system restoration curves did not match exactly, as the range of outputs from all 10 runs of the restoration model shows that the restoration occurs too quickly, especially during the first day after the earthquake. Possible future model modifications that may improve the calibration are discussed. (Abstract).

Download or read book Post Earthquake Rehabilitation and Reconstruction written by F.Y. Cheng and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-10-14 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damage assessment, rehabilitation, decision-making, social consequences, repair and reconstruction; these are all critical factors for considerations following natural disasters such as earthquakes. In order to address these issues, the United States of America and the Peoples Republic of China regularly organize bilateral symposia/workshops to investigate multiple hazard mitigation, particularly with respect to earthquake engineering. This book contains state-of-the-art reports presented by world-renowned researchers at the US/PRC Sympsosium Workshop on Post-Earthquake Rehabilitation and Reconstruction held in Kunming, Yunnan, China, May 1995. The following key areas are addressed: damage assessment of structures after earthquakes; lessons of post-earthquake recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction, including public policy, land use options, urban planning, and design; issues in and examples of decision-making, and implementation of rehabilitation and reconstruction plans and policies; repair, strengthening, retrofit and control of structures and lifeline systems, post-earthquake socio-economic problems covering issues of relief and recovery; human and organizational behavior during emergency response, and strategies for improvement; real-time monitoring of earthquake response and damage.

Download or read book Critical Issues and State of the art in Lifeline Earthquake Engineering written by Anshel J. Schiff and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the October 1995 session reviewing current practices and issues related to mitigating earthquake damage. The monograph's five contributions reflect developments since 1992 and the lessons learned from the Northridge and Kobe earthquakes. 5.5x8.5" Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Seismic Risk and Resilience Modeling of Water Distribution Systems written by Agam Tomar and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water distribution systems are vital to the well-being of communities because they contribute to the functionality of all other infrastructure and lifeline systems. Earthquakes and other natural hazards can cause damage to the components of a water distribution system, causing far-reaching socioeconomic consequences. This research begins with the development of an end-to-end simulation framework to model post-earthquake functional loss and restoration of a water system, which encompasses seismic hazard characterization, component damage assessment, hydraulic performance evaluation, and network restoration modeling. The modeling framework is validated using data from the 2014 South Napa Earthquake and extended to a hypothetical scenario. The end-to-end simulation framework is then extended to consider stochastic event set assessments of the water network using the UCERF2 (Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2) earthquake rupture forecast model. Given that the end-to-end performance evaluation of distributed infrastructure for a large set of events is computationally expensive, a framework that uses Active learning to select a subset of ground motion maps and associated occurrence rates that reasonably estimates the water network risk is also developed. To deal with the temporal complexities that are embedded in the post-earthquake restoration process, a dynamic updating methodology is developed to reduce uncertainties in the outcomes of post-event recovery forecasts using Bayesian Inferencing, by exploiting real-time data. The specific example of updating predictions (post-earthquake functional recovery forecasts including total recovery time and complete recovery trajectory) is presented and validated on a real pipe network (Napa water system) and event (2014 earthquake and recovery). Ultimately, the frameworks and models developed as part of this work can inform risk-based decision making and resilience planning of water networks and other lifeline systems.

Download or read book Probabilistic Post earthquake Restoration Process with Repair Prioritization of Highway Network System for Disaster Resilience Enhancement written by Tsutomu Nifuku and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive realization of post-earthquake restoration process for highway network considering repair prioritization are necessary for preparing effective countermeasures to restore transportation service and social activity in seismically active and automobile dependent regions like broader Los Angeles area quickly. Since the progress and the time to achieve full-recovery realistically change depending on repair orders and reconstruction works, restoration strategies without taking into account actual restoration phenomena negatively affect decision-making, efficient recovery, damage mitigation effort and network resilience enhancement. For dealing with these concerns, a probabilistic model to simulate post-earthquake restoration process of highway network is developed with consideration of repair prioritization and reconstruction constraint in this research. Analytic Hierarchy Process, prioritizing algorithm, is used to decide bridge repair orders based on initial damage state due to earthquake and priority weight of four criteria; difficulty, importance, urgency and cost. Numbers of available construction labor around the target region is applied for constraint of repair work progress. The recovery passage of bridge, the critical component of highway restoration process, is modeled probabilistically based on Markov Chain process, Uniform distribution and Normal distribution. As performance of highway network, drivers' delay and trip opportunity loss over entire recovery period are estimated by conducting traffic network analysis through origin-destination matrix, gravity model and user equilibrium model considering the models of trip reduction and traffic demand recovery. The adequacy of developed model is then verified by the documented recovery records and loss estimations of Northridge earthquake. As an application study, a regional possible scenario earthquake is applied to the established methodology implemented in the highway network system of Los Angeles and Orange counties. A number of simulations through Monte Carlo technique to express restoration processes corresponding to several repair prioritizations are presented by restoration curves and loss estimations. The analyzed results show that the developed procedure can simulate numerous thinkable recovery scenarios according to repair orders and contribute to decision-making for choosing the best suited repair prioritization for minimizing loss and maximizing resilience. Moreover, the basic scheme of this innovative technique can be applied to evaluation of restoration process of other infrastructure network systems and other disasters.

Download or read book Managing the Complexity of Critical Infrastructures written by Roberto Setola and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-10 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book summarizes work being pursued in the context of the CIPRNet (Critical Infrastructure Preparedness and Resilience Research Network) research project, co-funded by the European Union under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). The project is intended to provide concrete and on-going support to the Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) research communities, enhancing their preparedness for CI-related emergencies, while also providing expertise and technologies for other stakeholders to promote their understanding and mitigation of the consequences of CI disruptions, leading to enhanced resilience. The book collects the tutorial material developed by the authors for several courses on the modelling, simulation and analysis of CIs, representing extensive and integrated CIP expertise. It will help CI stakeholders, CI operators and civil protection authorities understand the complex system of CIs, and help them adapt to these changes and threats in order to be as prepared as possible for mitigating emergencies and crises affecting or arising from CIs.

Download or read book Advances in Electric Power and Energy Systems written by Mohamed E. El-Hawary and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-21 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of state-of-the-art approaches to power systems forecasting from the most respected names in the field, internationally Advances in Electric Power and Energy Systems is the first book devoted exclusively to a subject of increasing urgency to power systems planning and operations. Written for practicing engineers, researchers, and post-grads concerned with power systems planning and forecasting, this book brings together contributions from many of the world’s foremost names in the field who address a range of critical issues, from forecasting power system load to power system pricing to post-storm service restoration times, river flow forecasting, and more. In a time of ever-increasing energy demands, mounting concerns over the environmental impacts of power generation, and the emergence of new, smart-grid technologies, electricity price forecasting has assumed a prominent role within both the academic and industrial arenas. Short-run forecasting of electricity prices has become necessary for power generation unit schedule, since it is the basis of every maximization strategy. This book fills a gap in the literature on this increasingly important topic. Following an introductory chapter offering background information necessary for a full understanding of the forecasting issues covered, this book: Introduces advanced methods of time series forecasting, as well as neural networks Provides in-depth coverage of state-of-the-art power system load forecasting and electricity price forecasting Addresses river flow forecasting based on autonomous neural network models Deals with price forecasting in a competitive market Includes estimation of post-storm restoration times for electric power distribution systems Features contributions from world-renowned experts sharing their insights and expertise in a series of self-contained chapters Advances in Electric Power and Energy Systems is a valuable resource for practicing engineers, regulators, planners, and consultants working in or concerned with the electric power industry. It is also a must read for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers involved in power system planning and operation.

Download or read book Seismic Vulnerability and Impact of Disruption of Lifelines in the Conterminous United States written by Federal Emergency Management Agency and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-04-13 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lifeline is an earthquake engineering term denoting those systems necessary for human life and urban function, without which large urban regions cannot exist. Lifelines basically convey food, water, fuel, energy, information, and other materials necessary for human existence from the production areas to the consuming urban areas. Prolonged disruption of lifelines such as the water supply or electric power for a city or urbanized region would inevitably lead to major economic losses, deteriorated public health, and eventually population migration. Earthquakes are probably the most likely natural disaster that would lead to major lifeline disruption. With the advent of more and more advanced technology, the United States has increasingly become dependent on the reliable provision of lifeline related commodities, such as electric power, fuel, and water. A natural question is: What is the potential for major disruption to these lifelines, especially at the regional level? The initiation of this study by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is based in part on a need to better understand the impact of disruption of lifelines, from earthquakes and to assist in the identification and prioritization of hazard mitigation measures and policies. In addition, the report is intended to improve national awareness of the importance of protecting lifeline systems from earthquakes, and of assuring lifeline reliability and continued serviceability. The specific contractual requirements of this project and report are: To assess the extent and distribution of existing U.S. lifelines, and their associated seismic risk; and To identify the most critical lifelines, and develop a prioritized series of steps for reduction of lifeline seismic vulnerability, based on overall benefit. FEMA is also sponsoring a companion study to develop and demonstrate a model methodology for assessing the seismic vulnerability and impact of disruption of water transmission and distribution systems. In this initial study, lifelines of critical importance at the U.S. national level have been analyzed to estimate overall seismic vulnerability and to identify those lifelines having the greatest economic impact, given large, credible U. S. earthquakes. The lifelines examined include electric systems; water, gas, and oil pipelines; highways and bridges; airports; railroads; ports; and emergency service facilities. The vulnerability estimates and impacts developed are presented in terms of estimated direct damage losses and indirect economic losses. These losses are considered to represent a first approximation because of the assumptions and methodology utilized, because several lifelines are not included, and because, in some cases, the available lifeline inventory data lack critical capacity information.

Download or read book Post earthquake Restoration of the Los Angeles Water Supply System written by Taronne H. P. Tabucchi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Acceptable Risk Processes written by Craig Taylor and published by ASCE Publications. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prepared by the Council on Disaster Reduction and the Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering of ASCE. This TCLEE Monograph provides engineers and decision makers with tools to help them better understand acceptable risk processes and then develop risk reduction strategies and implement mitigation actions to reduce lifeline losses from future earthquakes. The disruption of lifelines from natural hazards has a direct impact on the world's regional economies and the health of their citizens. Therefore, it is important to understand what natural hazards are, how they can affect infrastructure lifelines, and what can be done to minimize their impact. These three elements, in turn, influence decisions that involve acceptable risk processes. The topic of "acceptable risk" provides one way of bringing integrated systems risk evaluations for disaster explicitly into a decision-making context. Topics include technical issues; risk criteria issues; and communication, administration, and regulation issues.

Download or read book Importance of Lifeline Systems in Rapid Urban Post earthquake Recovery Strategies written by H. J. Lagorio and published by . This book was released on 1994* with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimizing Post earthquake Lifeline System Reliability written by William M. Elliott and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TCLEE Monograph 16 presents more than 100 papers from the Fifth U.S. Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, held in Seattle, Washington, August 12-14, 1999.

Download or read book Optimizing Post earthquake Lifeline System Reliability written by William M. Elliott and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TCLEE Monograph 16 presents more than 100 papers from the Fifth U.S. Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, held in Seattle, Washington, August 12-14, 1999.

Download or read book Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book National Earthquake Resilience written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States will certainly be subject to damaging earthquakes in the future. Some of these earthquakes will occur in highly populated and vulnerable areas. Coping with moderate earthquakes is not a reliable indicator of preparedness for a major earthquake in a populated area. The recent, disastrous, magnitude-9 earthquake that struck northern Japan demonstrates the threat that earthquakes pose. Moreover, the cascading nature of impacts-the earthquake causing a tsunami, cutting electrical power supplies, and stopping the pumps needed to cool nuclear reactors-demonstrates the potential complexity of an earthquake disaster. Such compound disasters can strike any earthquake-prone populated area. National Earthquake Resilience presents a roadmap for increasing our national resilience to earthquakes. The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) is the multi-agency program mandated by Congress to undertake activities to reduce the effects of future earthquakes in the United States. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-the lead NEHRP agency-commissioned the National Research Council (NRC) to develop a roadmap for earthquake hazard and risk reduction in the United States that would be based on the goals and objectives for achieving national earthquake resilience described in the 2008 NEHRP Strategic Plan. National Earthquake Resilience does this by assessing the activities and costs that would be required for the nation to achieve earthquake resilience in 20 years. National Earthquake Resilience interprets resilience broadly to incorporate engineering/science (physical), social/economic (behavioral), and institutional (governing) dimensions. Resilience encompasses both pre-disaster preparedness activities and post-disaster response. In combination, these will enhance the robustness of communities in all earthquake-vulnerable regions of our nation so that they can function adequately following damaging earthquakes. While National Earthquake Resilience is written primarily for the NEHRP, it also speaks to a broader audience of policy makers, earth scientists, and emergency managers.

Download or read book Guide to Post earthquake Investigation of Lifelines written by American Society of Civil Engineers. Earthquake Investigations Committee and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This training guide seeks to eliminate deficiencies in the process of post-earthquake investigation of lifelines and attempts to gather material to meet certain objectives.