Download or read book Population Growth Factor Accumulation and Productivity written by Lant Pritchett and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population Growth Factor Accumulation and Productivity written by Lant Pritchett and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New insights - from new data - on the relationship between population growth, factor accumulation, and productivity.In research on how population growth affects economic performance, some researchers stress that population growth reduces the natural resources and capital (physical and human) per worker while other researchers stress how greater population size and density affect productivity. Despite these differing theoretical predictions, the empirical literature has focused mainly on the relationship between population growth and output per person (or crude proxies for factor accumulation). It has not decomposed the effect of population through factor accumulation and the effect through productivity.Pritchett uses newly created cross-country, time-series data on physical capital stocks and the educational stock of the labor force to establish six findings:There is no correlation between the growth of capital per worker and population growth.The common practice of using investment rates as a proxy for capital stock growth rates is completely unjustified, as the two are uncorrelated across countries.There is either no correlation, or a weak positive correlation, between the growth of years of schooling per worker and the population growth rate.Enrollment rates are even worse as a crude proxy for the expansion of the educational capital stock, as the two are negatively correlated.There is no correlation, or a weak negative correlation, between measures of total factor productivity growth and population growth.Nearly all of the weak correlation between the growth of output per person and population growth is the result of shifts in participation in the labor force, not of changes in output per worker.This paper is a product of the Poverty and Human Resources Division, Policy Research Department.
Download or read book Population Aging Human Capital Accumulation and Productivity Growth written by Alexia Prskawetz and published by Population. This book was released on 2008 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population in Factor Accumulation Based Growth written by Alberto Bucci and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the conditions under which, within a two-sector endogenous growth model with human and physical capital accumulation but without R&D-driven disembodied technological progress, we can observe an ambiguous effect of population growth on economic growth, as empirical evidence suggests. We present, in turn, three models. In each of them skill acquisition represents the engine of long-run economic growth. Population growth exerts ambiguous effects on economic growth only when human and physical capital investments are complementary for each other. This result is explained in terms of the interplay between the “dilution” and “accumulation” effects. In accordance with the growth literature exhibiting endogenous human capital accumulation and R&D activity, we also find that income growth can be positive even with stable population, that both the growth rate and the level of per-capita income are independent of population size and, finally, that the level of per-capita income is proportional to the level of per-capita human capital. We conclude that, even without explicitly assuming purposeful investment in research activity by firms, it is possible to reach the same results.
Download or read book Explaining Economic Growth written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Productivity written by Alistair Dieppe and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic struck the global economy after a decade that featured a broad-based slowdown in productivity growth. Global Productivity: Trends, Drivers, and Policies presents the first comprehensive analysis of the evolution and drivers of productivity growth, examines the effects of COVID-19 on productivity, and discusses a wide range of policies needed to rekindle productivity growth. The book also provides a far-reaching data set of multiple measures of productivity for up to 164 advanced economies and emerging market and developing economies, and it introduces a new sectoral database of productivity. The World Bank has created an extraordinary book on productivity, covering a large group of countries and using a wide variety of data sources. There is an emphasis on emerging and developing economies, whereas the prior literature has concentrated on developed economies. The book seeks to understand growth patterns and quantify the role of (among other things) the reallocation of factors, technological change, and the impact of natural disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is must-reading for specialists in emerging economies but also provides deep insights for anyone interested in economic growth and productivity. Martin Neil Baily Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution Former Chair, U.S. President’s Council of Economic Advisers This is an important book at a critical time. As the book notes, global productivity growth had already been slowing prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and collapses with the pandemic. If we want an effective recovery, we have to understand what was driving these long-run trends. The book presents a novel global approach to examining the levels, growth rates, and drivers of productivity growth. For anyone wanting to understand or influence productivity growth, this is an essential read. Nicholas Bloom William D. Eberle Professor of Economics, Stanford University The COVID-19 pandemic hit a global economy that was already struggling with an adverse pre-existing condition—slow productivity growth. This extraordinarily valuable and timely book brings considerable new evidence that shows the broad-based, long-standing nature of the slowdown. It is comprehensive, with an exceptional focus on emerging market and developing economies. Importantly, it shows how severe disasters (of which COVID-19 is just the latest) typically harm productivity. There are no silver bullets, but the book suggests sensible strategies to improve growth prospects. John Fernald Schroders Chaired Professor of European Competitiveness and Reform and Professor of Economics, INSEAD
Download or read book Population Growth and Economic Development written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1986-02-01 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses nine relevant questions: Will population growth reduce the growth rate of per capita income because it reduces the per capita availability of exhaustible resources? How about for renewable resources? Will population growth aggravate degradation of the natural environment? Does more rapid growth reduce worker output and consumption? Do rapid growth and greater density lead to productivity gains through scale economies and thereby raise per capita income? Will rapid population growth reduce per capita levels of education and health? Will it increase inequality of income distribution? Is it an important source of labor problems and city population absorption? And, finally, do the economic effects of population growth justify government programs to reduce fertility that go beyond the provision of family planning services?
Download or read book The Mystery of Economic Growth written by Elhanan Helpman and published by Academic Foundation. This book was released on 2006-03 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organizes the tale of economic growth around many themes: the importance of the accumulation of physical and human capital.
Download or read book Economic Growth written by David Weil and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-03 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are some countries rich and others poor? David N. Weil, one of the top researchers in economic growth, introduces students to the latest theoretical tools, data, and insights underlying this pivotal question. By showing how empirical data relate to new and old theoretical ideas, Economic Growth provides students with a complete introduction to the discipline and the latest research. With its comprehensive and flexible organization, Economic Growth is ideal for a wide array of courses, including undergraduate and graduate courses in economic growth, economic development, macro theory, applied econometrics, and development studies.
Download or read book Economic Growth written by David Weil and published by Pearson Education India. This book was released on 2012-09-04 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population Growth and Economic Development in Low Income Countries written by Ansley Johnson Coale and published by . This book was released on 2012-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Developments in the Economics of Population Ageing written by John Creedy and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an important collection of recent papers on the macroeconomic effects of population ageing. The articles are focused into three categories which cover the main channels through which population ageing affects national living standards: productivity and growth; consumption and saving; and labour market and fiscal effects. The papers have been selected for their clear and valuable contributions to this field of study. The book will be an essential reference volume for academic and public sector economists, policy makers and demographers.
Download or read book The Impact of Workforce Aging on European Productivity written by Mr.Shekhar Aiyar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-01-18 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The age-distribution of Europe’s workforce has shifted towards older workers over the past few decades, a process expected to accelerate in the years ahead.. This paper studies the effect of the aging of the workforce on labor productivity, identifies the main transmission channels, and examines what policies might mitigate the effects of aging. We find that workforce aging reduces growth in labor productivity, mainly through its negative effect on TFP growth. Projected workforce aging could reduce TFP growth by an average of 0.2 percentage points every year over the next two decades. A variety of policies could ameliorate this effect.
Download or read book Sources of China s Economic Growth 1952 99 Incorporating Human Capital Accumulation written by Yan Wang and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: July 2001 Both productivity growth and factor accumulation figured significantly in China's remarkable growth performance between 1978 and 1999, a period of reform. Considering China's need for an innovation-based knowledge economy, the recent declining rate of human capital accumulation--education--is a cause for concern. China's performance in economic growth and poverty reduction has been remarkable. There is an ongoing debate about whether this growth is mainly driven by productivity or factor accumulation. But few past studies had incorporated information on China's human capital stock, and thus contained an omission bias. Wang and Yao construct a measure of China's human capital stock from 1952 to 1999 and, using a simple growth accounting exercise, incorporate it in their analysis of the sources of growth during the pre-reform (1952-77) and the reform period (1978-99). They find that the accumulation of human capital in China (as measured by the average years of schooling for the population aged 15 to 64) was quite rapid and contributed significantly to growth and welfare. After incorporating human capital, they also find that the growth of total factor productivity still plays a positive and significant role during the reform period. In contrast, productivity growth was negative in the pre-reform period. The results are robust to changes in labor shares in GDP. The recent declining rate of human capital accumulation is a cause for concern, if China is to sustain its improvements in growth and welfare in the coming decade. Funding for basic education is unevenly distributed and insufficient in some poor regions. This paper--a product of the Economic Policy and Poverty Reduction Division, World Bank Institute--is part of a larger effort in the institute to examine country experience on globalization and growth. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Download or read book Can Africa Claim the 21st Century written by Alan H. Gelb and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Africa in the 21st Century offers a comprehensive review of development prospects in each of the major development sectors.
Download or read book Economic Growth written by David Weil and published by Pearson Higher Ed. This book was released on 2012-07-11 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. Why are some countries rich and others poor? David N. Weil, one of the top researchers in economic growth, introduces students to the latest theoretical tools, data, and insights underlying this pivotal question. By showing how empirical data relate to new and old theoretical ideas, Economic Growth provides readers with a complete introduction to the discipline and the latest research.
Download or read book Sources of China s Economic Growth 1952 1999 written by Yan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: July 2001Both productivity growth and factor accumulation figured significantly in China's remarkable growth performance between 1978 and 1999, a period of reform. Considering China's need for an innovation-based knowledge economy, the recent declining rate of human capital accumulation - education - is a cause for concern.China's performance in economic growth and poverty reduction has been remarkable. There is an ongoing debate about whether this growth is mainly driven by productivity or factor accumulation. But few past studies had incorporated information on China's human capital stock, and thus contained an omission bias.Wang and Yao construct a measure of China's human capital stock from 1952 to 1999 and, using a simple growth accounting exercise, incorporate it in their analysis of the sources of growth during the pre-reform (1952-1977) and the reform period (1978-1999).They find that the accumulation of human capital in China (as measured by the average years of schooling for the population aged 15 to 64) was quite rapid and contributed significantly to growth and welfare.After incorporating human capital, they also find that the growth of total factor productivity still plays a positive and significant role during the reform period. In contrast, productivity growth was negative in the pre-reform period. The results are robust to changes in labor shares in GDP.The recent declining rate of human capital accumulation is a cause for concern, if China is to sustain its improvements in growth and welfare in the coming decade. Funding for basic education is unevenly distributed and insufficient in some poor regions.This paper - a product of the Economic Policy and Poverty Reduction Division, World Bank Institute - is part of a larger effort in the institute to examine country experience on globalization and growth. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
