Download or read book Population Genetics of Resistance Management for the Colorado Potato Beetle written by Joseph Albert Argentine and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Colorado Potato Beetle Adaptation to Changing Agricultural Landscapes and Management Practices written by Michael Scott Crossley and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural systems present a great opportunity, but also a number of great challenges, to herbivorous insects. Few insects that have ventured into agricultural systems have gained a foothold. One such insect, Colorado potato beetle (CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), made its first appearance in a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) field in 1859, and had risen to global superpest status by the 1990's. Critical to CPB's success was rapid adaptation to insecticides, but not all CPB populations have evolved resistance at the same rate. In the United States, CPB exhibits a striking regional pattern of decreasing insecticide resistance from East to West, and fine-scale spatial structure in resistance levels within some regions. In Chapter 1, I build on this knowledge by resurveying CPB resistance to a widely used class of insecticides, the neonicotinoids, in the Columbia Basin of northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington, and find that susceptibility to neonicotinoids has persisted despite 20-40 generations of exposure. In Chapters 2 and 3, I use a landscape genetics framework to examine relationships between historic and contemporary land cover composition and population genetic differentiation, and find weak, correlated effects of contemporary potato and wheat land cover on genetic differentiation among CPB in the Columbia Basin, but no effect of land cover in the Central Sands of Wisconsin. In Chapter 4, I use a landscape genomics approach to identify genes putatively associated with insecticide resistance, and find evidence of adaptation from standing genetic variation at multiple genes. In Chapter 5, I combine literature review with new data analyses to evaluate the importance of key factors in maintaining susceptibility to insecticides among CPB populations in the northwestern US, and raise the hypothesis that maintenance of small population sizes, partly related to climate suitability, has been most influential. In Chapter 6, I curated historical US agricultural census data and used it to examine changes in amount, diversity, spatial pattern, and novelty of crop land cover in the conterminous US between 1840 and 2012. Results from this chapter provide a solid foundation for future studies of the causes and consequences of agricultural land cover change.

Download or read book Genetic Characterization of a Colorado Potato Beetle Strain Resistant to the Coleopteran Specific Delta endotoxin of Bacillus Thuringiensis Subspecies Tenebrionis written by Utami Rahardja and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization Synergism and Inheritance of Resistance to Azinphosmethyl Carbofurna and Permethrin Insecticides in the Colorado Potato Beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae written by Philippos M. Ioannidis and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genome Evolution of the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say written by Zachary Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid evolution is becoming increasingly relevant to evolutionary biologists and ecologists, especially in the context of global environmental change. This thesis is motivated by the goal of understanding the genomic mechanisms and evolutionary history that allow pest insects to rapidly adapt to their environment. A deeper understanding of how agriculturally impactful pest species successfully overcome environmental challenges is not only of fundamental interest, but it can also translate into new efforts to mitigate pest impacts and improve sustainable food production. Few systems exemplify adaptability to environmental novelty and selective pressure as well as agricultural super-pests. This status is reserved for those that have a major impact on crop yield and a propensity for rapid development of pesticide resistance. Among insect super-pests, the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is notable for its long history of population outbreaks, global expansion, and repeated evolution of insecticide resistance. To investigate how adaptation in this lineage has occurred since becoming an agricultural pest, I first establish a comparative phylogenomic framework examining the evolution of pest traits in the genus Leptinotarsa in Chapter 1. I use this framework to compare genomic features of CPB against nine closely-related Leptinotarsa species, to determine that CPB, and daughter species, have genome-wide elevated rates of positive selection and genes associated with plant preference, xenobiotic metabolism and stress. Furthermore, this finding seems to be attributed to larger effective population size in these lineages, possibly due to expanded host breadth. In Chapter 2, I refine the CPB reference genome and develop a reference graph of the Colorado potato beetle using pest and non-pest representative individuals. This reference elucidates an important supporting role structural variants have played in the evolution of insecticide resistance. Finally, in Chapter 3, I use population genomic resequencing of two important resistant populations to examine the demographic history, genome-wide recombination maps, and patterns of selective sweeps. I find evidence that CPB pest history mirrors known historical records and that populations exhibit independent evolution of insecticide resistance genes. Altogether, my research shows that CPB evolves insecticide resistance rapidly due to substantial standing genetic variation and by leveraging diverse molecular pathways of resistance.

Download or read book Biochemistry and Genetics of Insecticide Resistance in the Colorado Potato Beetle written by Joseph A. Argentine and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Return to Resistance written by Raoul A. Robinson and published by IDRC. This book was released on 1996 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the tradition of Silent Spring, Raoul Robinson's Return to Resistance calls for a revolution. Traditional plant breeding techniques have led us to depend more and more on chemical pesticides to protect ourcrops. Return to Resistance shows gardeners, farmers, and plant breeders how to use a long-neglected technique to create hardy new plant varieties that are naturally resistant to pests and disease. Horizontal resistance breeding has been largely ignored in this century due to the popularity and apparent successes of the Mendelian geneticists. However the colossal, unrecognized failure of m.

Download or read book Behavioral Biochemical and Molecular Genetic Aspects of Resistance to the Colorado Potato Beetle in Solanum Berthaultii Hawkes written by George Craig Yencho and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glandular trichomes of Solanum berthaultii Hawkes alter host preference of the Colorado potato beetle; Influence of prior host and plant growth stage on preference of adult Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), for resistant and susceptible potatoes; Extractionk fractionation and partial characterization of Colorado potato beetle feeding deterrents from Solanum berthaultii PI 47334; Population growth and development of the Colorado potato beetle on NYL 235-4, a Solanum tuberosum x S. berthaultii hybrid potato clone; RFLP mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to the Colorado potato beetle in Solanum berthaultii.

Download or read book Stability and Aspects of Resistance of Solanum Berthaultii Hawkes to Populations of the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say Coleoptera Chrysomelidae written by Félix Humberto Franca and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic variation in Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) for adaptation to Solanum berthaultii Hawkes. Selection of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) for adaptation to Solanum berthaultii Hakes. Resistance of Solanum berthaultii Hawkes and advanced hybrids to the Colorado potato beetle: two-year no-choice and choice tests in the field. Influence of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on Colorado potato beetle.

Download or read book Deciphering the Genetic Basis of Solanum Chacoense Mediated Colorado Potato Beetle leptinotarsa Decemlineata Resistance and Self Fertility in a Diploid Solanum Chacoense Recombinant Inbred Line Population written by Natalie Kaiser and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is the most widespread and destructive insect defoliator pest of potato and its control has historically been achieved through the use of insecticide. The diploid potato species Solanum chacoense has been utilized for over four decades in an attempt to introgress glycoalkaloid-based insect resistance into cultivated tetraploid potato. Despite these efforts, insect resistant cultivars have not been achieved, due in part to the complex genetics underlying the trait. The creation of inbred diploid lines would allow more efficient examination and deployment of this economically important trait. We introduced self-compatibility into diploid insect resistant S. chacoense germplasm and developed the first potato recombinant inbred line (RIL) population to study, understand and deploy this mechanism of host-plant insect resistance in cultivated, diploid breeding lines.We first examined the genetic features underlying leptine glycoalkaloid mediated Colorado potato beetle host plant resistance in the F2 generation derived from a cross between S. chacoense lines USDA8380-1 (80-1) and M6. Using biparental linkage mapping, a major overlapping QTL region with dominant effects was identified on chromosome 2 explaining 49.3% and 34.1% of the variance in Colorado potato beetle field resistance and leptine accumulation, respectively. Bulk segregant whole genome sequencing of the same F2 population detected QTL associated with Colorado potato beetle resistance on chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7, and 12. Candidate genes within these QTL regions were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis of parental lines and resistant and susceptible F2 individuals.Second, we exploited M6-mediated self-compatibility and established vigorous, F5 inbred diploid lines to further examine loci associated with Colorado potato beetle resistance and explore the practicality of inbreeding in diploid potato. F5 inbred lines carrying Colorado potato beetle resistance equivalent to the resistant donor parent were created without field selection during the inbreeding process. We report that the ratio of acetylated to non-acetylated glycoalkaloids measured under greenhouse conditions is a powerful metabolite marker to predict field performance without incurring the costs of conducting a Colorado potato beetle field trial. Leptine production was successfully introduced into diploid breeding germplasm. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping coupled with stylar analysis of pollen tube growth and self-fertility phenotyping of the F4 and F5 generations revealed that multiple factors mediate the self-compatible response in this RIL population.Third, we assessed the initial transcriptional and metabolite response to Colorado potato beetle herbivory in beetle resistant and beetle susceptible S. chacoense lines over a 48-hour time course. To facilitate genome editing modification of the leptine biosynthesis pathway, we characterized the allelic variation between S. chacoense 80-1 and M6 in a candidate leptine biosynthesis gene identified by transcriptional profiling.This work highlights the challenges of establishing inbred germplasm, reinforces the complexity of selecting for self-fertility in diploid potato, and lays the foundation for optimization of potato RIL development. The availability of highly homozygous Colorado potato beetle resistant lines will enable further genomic inquiry of the loci contributing to this trait and will facilitate rapid deployment of beetle resistant diploid potato varieties.

Download or read book Managing Insecticide Resistance in the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say written by Steven P. Mroczkiewicz and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Colorado Potato Beetle Movement in Wisconsin Potato Cropping Systems written by Deana L. Sexson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Movement and Spatial Costs of Resistance in the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa Decemlineata say Coleoptera Chrysomelidae written by Kathleen Schnaars Uvino and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata is infamous for its' ability to develop resistance to insecticides and remains the most important insect defoliator of potatoes today. Long Island populations of the Colorado potato beetle have been at the forefront of developing resistance to every newly developed insecticide. Managing the evolution of resistance requires cultural as well as chemical means. Cultural efforts include field rotation, crop rotation, chemical rotation as well as refugia. Movement plays an integral part of both, the cultural schemes intended to thwart resistance evolution and the life history traits of the Colorado potato beetle. The use of refuges and crop rotation are often promoted to supplement the use of chemical pesticides in an effort to control crop pests. Refuges are untreated areas adjacent to treated crops, where susceptible genes can survive. The efficacy of refuges depends on movement between treated and untreated areas. Differences in movement between resistant and susceptible beetles can play a big role in the success of the refuge or rotation plan. Crop rotation can reduce the amount of insecticide used through dosage levels or frequency of application and slows insects' resistance evolution. Resistance to insecticides often has fitness costs associated with that resistance. I hypothesized that resistance to the insecticide Imidacloprid is correlated with reduced movement capability in Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (henceforth potato beetles), the primary insect defoliator of potato plants. I examined whether migratory ability or flight propensity have a cost of resistance to imidacloprid in Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) by examining LD50's of flying emergers and walking emergers in the spring. Imidacloprid is the most widely used and in some cases the only effective insecticide for Colorado potato beetle control and there is currently a wide range of variation in resistance. In the spring overwintering potato beetle adults halt diapause and emerge from overwintering sites. For the purposes of this work I will use the definition of diapause presented by Tauber et al (1986): "a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of minimal activity that occurs during a genetically determined stage(s) of metamorphosis, usually in response to environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions." Diapause in the Colorado potato beetle begins before the harsh conditions set in (loss of host and cold temperatures). It is an important strategy employed by many temperate zone insects for overwintering. Upon emergence from the overwintering site they emigrate to colonize local and distant fields. Emergence from diapause therefore offers an opportunity to sample genetically diverse groups of beetles. My results indicate that emerging flyers have a higher level of resistance than emerging walkers from overwintering sites. I also examined populations that were under intense selection pressure from one chemical, Spinosad, and largely isolated from other fields or populations. Spinosad is produced by a soil dwelling bacterium called Saccharopolyspora spinosa and it kills by ingestion. Spinosad is currently the only approved chemical available to Organic farmers on Long Island. These results indicate complete failure of Spinosad on that population but less resistance on distant populations and less resistance on populations from conventionally managed fields, all in Suffolk County, Long Island. Additionally early spring colonists of rotated and `non-rotated' fields were evaluated for resistance levels for 3 years. For two of the three years, colonists on long distance rotated fields had high LD50. Assuming long distance colonization is more likely dependent on flight, this is consistent with my results that emerging flyers have a higher LD50 than emerging walkers.

Download or read book Xenobiotic Adaptation and Potential Genetic Targets for Control of the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa Decemlineata written by Jonathan Hernandez and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is a major agriculture pest of potato, tomato and eggplant leading to serious crop production loss worldwide. Currently, synthetic insecticides are the main management tactics to control CPB. However, CPB has robust ability to develop resistance to all major classes of insecticides used for its control. One of the major mechanisms that contributes to CPB developing insecticide resistance is upregulated expression of detoxification enzymes including Cytochrome P450s, Carboxylesterases (CCEs), Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glycosyl transferases (UGTs) and ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters). Here, a novel GST termed LdGST8 was identified from the CPB transcriptome and its function had been characterized to determine its role in xenobiotic detoxification. GSTs constitute a large family of multifunctional enzymes that are involved in Phase II metabolic detoxification of xenobiotics. GSTs catalyze the conjugation reaction of lipophilic compounds with the thiol group of reduced glutathione resulting in more water-soluble and less toxic products that can be excreted out of organisms. Arthropod GSTs confer adaptation to xenobiotics through metabolism or sequestration of xenobiotics, or metabolism oxidative stress products induced by xenobiotic exposure. To date, the roles of GSTs in xenobiotic adaptation in CPB have not been well studied. LdGST8 was found to be significantly overexpressed in a neonicotinoid resistant strain compared to a susceptible strain. LdGST8 was expressed at the highest levels in the adult female stage as well as midgut and Malpighian tubule tissues. In addition, purified recombinant LdGST8 protein was used to determine enzyme activity and kinetic parameters with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), glutathione (GSH), 4-hydroxynonenal, and trans-2-hexanal as substrates. The results showed that LdGST8 exhibited higher kcat/Km for trans-2-hexenal and 4-hydroxynonenal than the model substrate CDNB indicating preference for the reactive carbonyl compounds and the potential role of LdGST8 as scavenger of reactive carbonyl species (RCS) resulting from the oxidative stress response when CPB is exposed to insecticides. To combat CPB and reduce the usage of synthetic insecticides, new methods must be developed. One of such methods is the development of RNA interference (RNAi)-based biopesticides by knocking down species specific genetic target genes. The ideal target genes can be lethal genes or genes that are involved in important physiological processes, e.g. xenobiotic adaptation, immunity, development. Serine protease inhibitors (Serpins) which are essential proteins known to have diverse roles in insect immunity are promising genetic targets of the CPB. In this study, a novel serpin (LdSerpin1) was selected and identified from the CPB transcriptome. RNAi feeding assays were performed in 2nd instar larvae and adults to explore if LdSerpin1 would be an ideal genetic target for RNAi-based biopesticides. It was observed that beetles ingested dsRNA of LdSerpin1 stopped feeding which resulted in weight loss and mortality. Developmental and spatial gene expression analysis revealed that the highest developmental expression of LdSerpin1 was found in one day old eggs. The highest tissue expression of LdSerpin1 was identified in fat body and head and the lowest expression was detected in leg and Malpighian tubule. Additionally, induction assays were conducted to explore the potential inducible response of LdSerpin1 to mechanical injury. The results showed that LdSerpin1 could be induced by mechanical injury 30 minutes after removal of the foreleg. Based on this data, we proposed that LdSerpin1 plays a role in immune system of CPB and could be a potential genetic target for development of RNAi-based biopesticides for CPB control.

Download or read book Advances in Potato Pest Biology and Management written by Geoffrey W. Zehnder and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1994 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in potato pest biology and management: insects; Advances in potato pest biology and management: bacteria and fungi; Advances in potato pest biology and management: nematodes; Pesticides resistance and resistance mangement; Alternative management strategies for potato pest: cultural and biological control; Alternative management strategies for potato pest: host plant resistance; Modeling and expert systems in potato pest management; Application of biotechnology in potato pest management; Potato pest management: a global view.

Download or read book The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.

Download or read book Insect Pests of Potato written by Andrei Alyokhin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully revised and updated second edition of Insect Pests of Potato now includes an opening section with a basic overview of agronomic and economic issues as they relate to potato production. It also features a new section that reviews potato production, as well as problems caused by insect pests and solutions to these problems, in all major potato-growing regions of the world. Further, a new section discusses theoretical foundations of potato pest management and includes chapters on ecological theory, evolutionary theory, and a case study on their applications to elucidate differences between Eastern and Western populations of Colorado potato beetle in North America. There is also a new chapter on the foundations of integrated pest management and their applications in controlling insect pests. The sections on the biology of main pests and on control methods now feature the latest information, including emphasis on recent advances in molecular biology and genomics. Information on the use of dsRNA technology for pest control is also included, as are new chapters on potato ladybirds and on hemipterous pests other than aphids and psyllids. This second edition provides improved integration and logical connections among chapters and expanded geographic scope of coverage making it the ideal reference on the topic. Fully revised and updated with new sections on potato-growing regions and theoretical foundations of potato pest management using ecological theory, evolutionary theory and relevant case study insights Contains improved integration and logical connections among chapters, expanded geographic scope of coverage, and scientific advances Emphasizes recent advances in molecular biology and genomics, including the use of dsRNA technology for pest control