Download or read book Popular Sentences in English English Language Skills written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sample This: Popular Sentences in English -- I Sentence Beginning With IT/THERE/THAT/THIS IT It began to rain. It has become tough to walk on these roads. It is a big hazard to walk on the streets where stray dogs are visible. It is a bit lower than expected. It is a clean and clear probe. It is a fact that dealing with exam stress is not easy. It is a matter of concern. It is a problem of large magnitude. It is all set to be a thing of the past. It is an all-out Japanese effort. It is easier to lose weight than gain it. It is the fourth lane from here. It is hard not to be suspicious about this regime. It is just not my day. It is natural to worry about the future. It is never too late to start life afresh. It is nice to see police taking action against disturbing elements. It is not noon yet. It is not possible! It is not that the police aren’t doing anything. It is time to awaken the voters. It is tough to survive in the wild. It is up to them to decide how to proceed. It is a very personal decision that we have taken. It is with a heavy heart that I speak today. It is wrong on his part to do so. It isn’t worth having it repaired. It seemed OK at the time. It seems there is no administration in the state. It should not only be done with honesty, but it should seem to be so. It tastes something like an apple. It was a huge bang. It was a regular Monday for me. It was an experience I will cherish all my life. It was bound to happen. It was his third home trip in as many years. It was not a favorable time to start a journey. It was the fastest-growing state for the second year. It was unknown what his motives were. It will be convenient for some people to not have me here. It will only upset her further. It would create complications for him. THERE There are many people working against me at various levels. There are many reasons for it. There are no easy answers. There are no two opinions about it. There are times when you are not in the mood to talk. There are times when your best efforts are not good enough. There are two aspects to any decision we make. There have been several such instances in the past. There is a cool breeze just before a rainstorm. There is a rise in the number of people dying in road accidents. There is an acute shortage of water. There is a general financial slowdown. There is greatness and capacity in all of us. There is hardly any scope of reformation for them. There is more than you know. There is no good or bad terrorism; it is pure evil. There is no mobile connectivity. There is no need to be formal. There is nothing that can be done to sort this out. There is total noncooperation between departments. There seems political conspiracy behind it. There was no need to arrest him. There was no such move at the moment. There were security issues. There were smiles and tears all around. There will be no early elections. There would be no fare hike. THAT That had happened long before. That has been our consistent stand. That is for sure. That is for the future to see. That is no longer the case now. That money would bring big relief to the family. That part of the sting operation was stage-managed. That way, there will not be any ill feelings. That’s how far I was from reality. That’s not me saying it. THIS This envelope is under-stamped. This incident has made him stone-like. This is a clear case of corruption. This is business as usual. This is no way to deal with a crisis. This is no way to live. This is not the first time he has achieved this feat. This is off-season for us but sales continue to be normal. This is one list; the state will be ashamed to top. This is something to do in advance. This is the most complained about university. This is the third such incident within a week. This issue stands concluded. This project cost a lot of money. This seems to be worrying him. This year will be expensive till the end.

Download or read book Learn English Exclamations Popular Exclamatory Words and Sentences written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Covers The Following Topics: 1. What is an “Exclamation”? 2. Exclamatory Sentences 3. Exclamatory Sentences with ‘What’ 4. Exclamatory Sentences with ‘How’ 5. Exclamatory Sentences with So and Such 6. Exclamations in Declarative Sentences 7. Exclamations in Interrogative Sentences 8. Exclamations in Imperative Sentences 9. Detailed List of Interjections 10. Using ‘Common Words’ as Exclamations 11. Useful Exclamatory Phrases/Sentences 12. Other Patterns 13. List of Emotions Shown by Exclamations Exercise: 1 Exercise: 2 Sample This: 1. What is an “Exclamation”? DEFINITION: An exclamation (or interjection) is a short sound, word or phrase which is spoken suddenly to express strong emotion. Or Exclamatory words that can stand alone as a sentence while expressing emotions or reactions are called exclamations (or interjections). An exclamation mark (!) should be written after an exclamation. “Exclamation Mark” is called "Exclamation Point" in American English. There are many exclamatory words (interjections or exclamations) that are often used in daily life. Some of these words express one strong emotion while others express two or more strong emotions. They do not have a grammatical purpose in the sentence and are not associated to the other parts of the sentence. They do not play the role of a subject or a verb. They can stand by themselves, or are placed before, after or in the middle of a sentence to express a strong emotion or feeling. Examples: Exclamatory Word -- Alas! Represents feelings of ‘Sadness, Sorry’ Exclamatory Word -- Um! Represents feeling of ‘Hesitation’ Exclamatory Word -- Yum! Represents feeling of ‘Pleasant Taste or Smell’ You can use exclamations to show the following emotions: admiration, affection, anger, annoyance, anticipation, apathy, approval, attention, awe, confusion, delight, despair, disappointment, disapproval, discontent, dislike, distress, eagerness, elation, enjoyment, excitement, fear, frustration, grief, happiness, humor, hurt, irritation, joy, love, mourning, pain, panic, pleasure, pride, remorse, respect, shame, shock, sorrow, sorry, surprise, sympathy, terror, wonder, etc. IMPORTANT NOTES: (1). Use Of An Exclamation (Interjection) In A Sentence (a). Beginning A Sentence With An Interjection When you begin a sentence with an interjection you can place either a comma (,) or an exclamatory mark (point) (!) after the interjection. Examples: Ah, what a wonderful gift! The comma (,) after an interjection expresses less emotion. Ah! What a wonderful gift! Exclamatory mark (point) (!) after an interjection expresses more emotion. Note: Both sentences have an exclamatory mark at the end. Obviously, both are exclamatory sentences. But the second one is more emphatic. Also note: if you put a comma after an interjection then the next word in the sentence will begin from the small letter but if you put an exclamatory mark after an interjection then the next word in the sentence will begin from a capital letter. Important Note: You can also end the sentence with a period (.) or question mark (?) to show mild emotion. Ah, what a wonderful gift. Ah! What a wonderful gift. Wow, We won. Oh, did you go there? (B). Use Of An Interjection In The Middle Of A Sentence Examples: Hundreds of people, alas, feared killed in a massive landslide. Albert Einstein was born in...er…Germany. You deleted my folder…um…my file! (C). Use Of An Interjection At The End Of A Sentence Example: So got married, huh! What do you think of me, eh?

Download or read book Get Popular English Verb Sentences Using Verb Get written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Covers The Following Topics: 1. ENGLISH VERB -- ‘GET’ 2. Meanings of Main Verb ‘GET’ 3. GET + THIRD FORM OF VERB 3A. Get + Third Form of Verb 3B. Have/Has + Got + Third Form of Verb 3C. Got + Third Form of Verb 3D. Had + Got + Third Form of Verb 3E. Will + Get + Third Form of Verb 3F. Will + Have + Got + Third Form of Verb 3G. Modal Verbs + Get + Third Form of Verb 3H. Getting + Third Form of Verb 3I. Verb + To + Get + Third Form of Verb 4. GET TO + FIRST FORM OF VERB 4A. Get To + First Form of Verb 4B. Got To + First Form of Verb 4C. Will + Get To + First Form of Verb 5. HAVE + GOT TO + FIRST FORM OF VERB 6. ‘GET’ + ADJECTIVE 7. ‘GET’ + USED TO 8. Use of ‘Get’ In Causative Sentences 9. English Idioms With ‘Get’ 10. Phrasal Verbs With ‘Get’ 11. Other Sentences With ‘Get’ 12. Conjugation of Verb ‘Get’ Exercises: 1(A) and 1(B) Exercises: 2(A) and 2(B) Exercises: 3(A) and 3(B) Sample This: 1. ENGLISH VERB -- ‘GET’ Get is an irregular verb. Its three forms are as follows: First Form (Base Form) -- GET Second Form (Past Form) -- GOT Third Form (Past Participle) -- GOT/GOTTEN Present Perfect of ‘Get’ – Have/Has Got || Have/Has Gotten Past Perfect of ‘Get’ -- Had Got || Had Gotten Gotten (past participle form of ‘get’) is generally used in Spoken American English. Gotten is incorrect in British English. -ING Form of ‘Get’ -- Getting Infinitive of ‘Get’ -- To Get IMPORTANT NOTE: “Have/has got” is the ‘Present Perfect’ Form of ‘get’. But it is mainly used in the present indefinite (simple) tense. “Have/has got” is generally used with ‘simple present meaning’ to show characteristics, ownership, illnesses, and relationships. ‘Have got’ and ‘has got’ have the same meaning as ‘have’ and ‘has’ respectively. They can be used as present indefinite (simple) tenses. Affirmative Sentences -- They have got computers. = They have computers. He has got a computer. = He has a computer. Negative Sentences -- They have not got computers. = They do not have computers. He has not got a computer. = He does not have a computer. Note:- Negative form of ‘have/has got’ is made by adding ‘not’ between ‘have/has’ and ‘got’; whereas, the negative form of ‘have/has’ is made by using ‘do/does not’. Interrogative Sentences -- Have they got computers? = Do they have computers? Has he got a computer? = Does he have a computer? Note:- Interrogative pattern of ‘have/has got’ is made by putting auxiliary verb ‘have/has’ before the subject; whereas Interrogative pattern of ‘have/has’ is made by putting auxiliary verb ‘Do/Does’ before the subject. However, in past events, you should prefer using ‘had’ instead of ‘had got’ ’ to show characteristics, ownership, illnesses, and relationships. More Common -- They had computers. They did not have computers. Did they have computers? Less Common -- They had got computers. They had not got computers. Had they got computers? Also Note: Use of ‘have got’ and ‘has got’ in present perfect tenses: Pattern: Have/has got + past participle of the verb A project has got stuck. || Many projects have got stuck. And, in past perfect tenses, you should use ‘had got’. A project had got stuck. || Many projects had got stuck. ALSO NOTE: GOTTA - Very informal and non-standard way of referring to ‘have got to’ or ‘have got a’ in writing. This form is grammatically incorrect. Avoid using writing this form. English Verb ‘Get’ can be used in a number of patterns and has lots of different uses and meanings.-- A. “Get” is used as a main verb with many different meanings. B. “Get” is used in several idioms. C. “Get” is used in several phrasal verbs. Meanings of Main Verb ‘GET’ THE MOST COMMON MEANINGS OF “GET” AS THE MAIN VERB ARE AS FOLLOWS: to receive / to obtain or acquire (to gain, attain, achieve something) / to bring / to receive prison term / to receive broadcasts / to buy something / to earn / to receive marks or grade in an exam / to become affected by (a disease or bodily condition) / to be infected with an illness, etc. / to start doing something / to arrive/come/reach / to move to a particular direction or place / to use transport (to catch) / to answer (receive) the phone call / to capture somebody / to understand / to have / to memorize / to find out by calculation / to deliver / to prepare a meal, etc. 1. TO RECEIVE We get assurance every time, but nothing has materialized. I got the medal and the money. I got an appointment letter today. Flood-affected families got compensation. We got some high-resolution images.

Download or read book English Russian Russian English Dictionary written by Kenneth Katzner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1994-12-07 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on American rather than British English, this is among the first Russian dictionaries revised for the post-Soviet era. Includes new political terminology, new Russian institutions, new countries and republics and new city names. Contains 26,000 entries in the English-Russian section and 40,000 words in the Russian-English section. Irregularities in Russian declensions and conjugations appear at the beginning of each entry.

Download or read book Common English Sentences English in Daily Life written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sample This: Common English Sentences -- A About -- It doesn’t matter who says what about me. About -- That’s what being American is all about. About -- They were going about their daily lives. About -- This is what life is about. About -- This training has been all about that. About -- We have nothing to feel defensive about. About -- What city was all about today? Abuse -- He was found guilty of abusing his office. Accept -- He accepted an opportunity with enthusiasm. Accept -- He accepted his invitation for his birthday. Accept -- He accepted it without protest. Account -- Asia accounts for the maximum oral cancer cases. Account -- Lighting accounts for 20 percent of the total electricity demand. Account -- Our state accounts for 9 of 10 eggs exported. Account -- She gave the police a full account of the incident. Account -- The team gave a good account of themselves in the match. Accuse -- Protestors accused the state govt. of inaction. Achieve -- He achieved some measure of success. Achieve -- He has achieved, what was impossible to think. Achieve -- He is the only person to have achieved such a significant shift. Across -- A wave of attacks across the country killed 95. Across -- Moonlight glittered across the coconut leaves. Across -- My house is just across the street. Across -- Police officers across ranks expressed shock. Across -- Red alert sounded across the state. Across -- She watched the incident from across the road. Across -- The blast has cut across class and gender. Across -- The government launched military drills across half the country. Across -- The issue is slowly becoming a matter of debate across villages in the country. Across -- We could also attack across the border. Act -- He acted in a street play. Act -- Heat acts on metals. Act -- I act from a sense of duty. Act -- My lawyer acts for me. Act -- You should act up to my advice. Activity -- It is quite unfortunate that such an inhuman activity is taking place here. Add -- He added his signature to the petition. Address -- President addressed a press conference. Address -- They received 25 objections and addressed all of them. Administer -- Administer anti-polio drops. Admit -- She was admitted with a severe breathing problem. Adopt -- He adopted the look of Obama. Advance -- The mob advanced us shouting angrily. Advice -- I have a piece of advice for you. After -- Take medicine twice after the fever is down. Agree -- He agreed to act opposite me in the movie. Agree -- We agreed to another demand of him. Ahead -- Our team was ahead by two goals. Ahead -- Preparations for the festival begin ahead. Aim -- My remarks were not aimed at you. Aim -- The new bill aims at filling the gaps in the existing laws. Alarm -- It is nothing to be alarmed about. Allocate -- The government has allocated the funds. Along -- CM and Deputy CM were sworn in along with a 24-member cabinet by Governor. Along -- Enter the lane alongside the Newspaper office. Along -- He had come to the city along with his wife for sightseeing a week ago. Along -- He was missing along with his servant. Along -- The sanctuary area runs along with three states. Among -- From among those he prescribes medicines too are ministers. Amount -- Cartoon amounted to an “insult” to the icon. Amount -- It amounts to judicial indiscipline. Amount -- His action amounts to a violation of human and civil rights. Anger -- His argument angered the driver and a clash ensued. Answer -- Nobody answered the repeated knocks. Answer -- An email to him wasn’t immediately answered. Any -- It was the funniest thing any of us have seen for ages. Any -- The situation is not any better in nearby villages. Apart -- An explosion tore apart a coach of a passenger train. Appear -- A blip appeared on the Radar. Appear -- Efforts appeared to be getting nowhere. Appear -- He appeared calm. Appear -- He appeared unsteady on his feet. Appear -- News-item appeared in the national dailies. Appear -- She appeared the most pretty thing in the world. Appear -- A ship appeared a huge black shadow to me. Appear -- The match appeared to have been fixed. Appear -- They appeared to be making efforts to trace the missing kids. Appear -- They wanted her to appear in advertisements. Apply -- I applied this to myself. Apply -- She applied vermilion on her head. Approach -- They approached a checkpoint. Arise -- A dispute arose between two groups over the sum of money won in gambling. Arise -- His behavior aroused the suspicion of the security guards. Arise -- The only difficulties arose from language barriers. Arise -- The question does not arise. Arise -- They aroused other people’s suspicions. Arm -- Cops were armed with tear gas shells. Ask -- Goddess asked me for a boon. Ask -- He asked “uncomfortable” questions. Ask -- He asked her about her well-being. Assess -- A team of experts will assess the situation. Assess -- CM assessed the status of relief work. Associate -- He was in fear of her life and the life and safety of anyone associated with her. Associate -- People associate harmful or bad with the word bacteria. Associate -- Pink is associated with grace. Assume -- He was believed to have assumed different identities over the years. Assume -- His remarks assume significance. Assume -- The meeting assumed great importance for student’s future. Assume -- The move assumed importance in the light of the incident. Attach -- We attach great importance to our health. Attain -- Their families had decided to wed them once they attained marriageable age. Attempt -- He attempted to answer all his questions. Attempt -- He was attempting to overtake another vehicle. Attract -- He attracted my attention. Attribute -- He attributed the bad state of parks to a lack of funds. Authorize -- I authorized him for payments. Avenge -- He wanted to avenge the humiliation he suffered. Average -- He is above average height for his age. Avert -- We made specific plans to avert the threat. Avoid -- He avoided a direct answer. Avoid -- She was upset because she thought he was avoiding her. Avoid -- They avoided looking at each other. Awake -- The city awoke to a clear but cold morning. Awake -- I awoke later on to the sound of my cell phone ringing. Away -- We were away so long.

Download or read book Negative Forms In English Common Negative Sentences written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Covers The Following Topics: Negative Expressions 01. BY NO MEANS 02. LITTLE 03. BUT NOT 04. NEVER 05. NO/NOT/NEVER ------- NOR 06. NO/NOT/NEVER ------- OR 07. NEITHER ------- NOR 08. NOBODY/NO ONE 09. NOTHING 10. NO DOUBT 11. NO LONGER 12. NO MATTER + Question Word 13. NOT + LONG AGO 14. NOT/NOT ONLY & BUT 15. NOT + -ING form of Verb 16. NOT TO + MAIN VERB 17. RARELY 18. SELDOM 19. WHETHER OR NOT + TO + MAIN VERB 20. WORDS That Show Negative Sense 21. MISCELLANY TENSE - Negative Statements Present Tense -- Negative Statements Past Tense -- Negative Statements Future Tense -- Negative Statements Negative Forms of Modals Exercise: 1 Exercise: 2 Sample This: BY NO MEANS Meaning: Not At All Based on a rough count, by no means definitive, they had about 625 tents set up last year. By no means am I saying this is a bad thing, but it is not a choice that I made. By no means did we settle on anything. By no means does he think children need to go through terrible times to be better people. By no means is he guaranteed to win. By no means is this fight over or even anywhere near under control. By no means let him dominate the conversation. By no means should individuals or groups be allowed to go to that building. By no means should we be complacent with being second. LITTLE Meaning: Small [Little + Auxiliary Verb + Subject] Little do managers and executives realize that delay is in itself a decision! Little do they know that she is better qualified than any of them in survival skills. Little do they know that the journey ahead is not going to be easy. Little do they know that their loss is actually a win for all of us, including for them. Little do we realize the exact meaning or the appropriate use of many terms. BUT NOT But not for a minute did he make me feel angry. Embassy shutdowns happen, but not usually on this scale. Gender equality is still a goal, but not a present reality, for university campuses around the world. He could be right, but not for the reason he thinks. He has time for sports but not for family. He is clearly the strongest but not superhuman. He looks comfortable but not great. NEVER Meaning: Not At Any Time/Not On Any Occasion The contractor left the work midway and never came back to finish it. He gave a press conference explaining he never did anything wrong in his career. He had to come clean but he never did. He never does anything for us. He never does anything truly charitable. He never went to class. He said he would text me after the weekend but never did. He thought he was never in with a chance of becoming a mayor last year. His wife is soft-spoken and never hurts anyone. I am ashamed that I saw injustice and never did anything about it. I am not sure he will even make the team, never mind have a big role. I am sure I will never forget this moment. I could never go back.

Download or read book English Imperative Sentences Most Common Imperative Verbs written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are “Imperative Sentences”? The word "imperative" is derived from the term "emperor". Imperative sentences are used to give commands (orders). Imperative sentences are also used to give instruction/advice/suggestion/warning/invitation/appeal. Imperative sentences are also used to make a request. You should use ‘please’ (or another polite word) in the beginning or at the end of the sentence to make a request. An imperative sentence begins with the base (first) form of a verb which is also called a verb word. In an imperative sentence, the subject - ‘you’ - is understood. However, for the first and third-person imperative, the imperative sentence begins with ‘let’. You can end an imperative sentence with the period (.) or exclamation (!). Exclamation is used to show direct and firm command. ‘Imperative’ is one of the three moods of an English verb (indicative, imperative and subjunctive). EXAMPLES OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES: (A). DIRECT ORDER Attend the meeting. Discharge your duty. Enforce the law. Quash the previous order. Return to work. Vacate this place. (B). INSTRUCTION Climb the stair. Fill out this form. Go on foot. Hang a painting. Light a candle. Note this down. Open up the cage. Push a trolley. Spell it out. Tie your shoelaces. Unpack the luggage. (C). INFORMAL ADVICE Book a hotel room. Improve your appearance. Mend your ways. Walk elegantly. (D). SUGGESTION Follow your dreams Keep up your English. (E). WARNING Don’t Jump that gate! Watch out for a traffic signal! (F). INVITATION Come to the party with me. Have a meal with us. Let’s stay at my house. (G). APPEAL Be Silent. Let’s curb the menace of drugs addiction. (H). REQUEST Give me five hundred dollars, please. Come soon, please. Other Uses of Imperative Sentences: 1. Wish -- Have a safe journey. 2. Apology -- Pardon me. 3. Permission -- Join us if you want. 4. Public Notice -- Imperatives are used on signboards or notice boards: Keep off the grass. Insert your ATM card. Pull the door. Push inside. Important Note -- An imperative sentence can imply different senses (command/instruction/advice, etc.) based on the intonation. [Note: ‘Intonation’ is defined as the rise and fall of the voice in speaking, as this affects the meaning of what is being said.] English Imperative Sentences -- A Abide by the commission’s verdict. Accept his decision. Achieve your target. Acknowledge the achievements of women. Acquire land for road infrastructure. Act quickly. / Act swiftly. Add details to this report. Address a press conference. Address his concerns regarding payments next week. Address their demands. Adhere to the standard operating procedure. Adjust the rules to help consumers. Adjust to a new location. Admire your parents. Adopt a good strategy in choosing the right candidates. Adopt a long-term vision for the industry. Adopt modern technology. Adopt a wait and watch policy. Aim it. Airlift the injured to the state capital for treatment. Allow her to explain herself completely without interrupting her. Allow him to return home. Alter the course of your life. Amend the act. Analyze the reasons for your defeat. Analyze the sample. Announce your candidacy. Answer the question. Anticipate rate hikes. Apologize if you hurt someone. Apply colors on his forehead. Apply for a job. Apply for marks verification. Apply for a passport. Appoint a manager. Appreciate compassionate behavior. Approach him for help. Approach the court. Approve the plan. Arrange everything before it is late. Arrange for cash to meet your expenses. Arrange funds from your relatives. Arrange funds on your own. Arrive early on the scene. Ask for a receipt. Ask for more information. Ask him his name. Ask him what had happened. Ask politely. Ask the right questions.

Download or read book Daily Use English Sentences Popular Topics written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Covers The Following Topics: 01 -- ACTIONS 02 -- BUSINESS & ECONOMY 03 -- COURT 04 -- CRIMES 05 -- FIRE 06 -- HEALTH 07 -- KITCHEN 08 -- LOVE 09 -- NATURAL DISASTERS 10 -- PASSING AWAY 11 -- PHONE 12 -- POLITE EXPRESSIONS 13 -- POLITICS 14 -- TIME 15 -- DRIVING 16 -- WEATHER 17 -- MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS Sample This: Daily Use English Sentences -- ACTIONS BEND Bend down a bit. Bend down to feel your ankle. Sit on your heels with your knees bent up close to your body. He bent down to touch her feet. He bent down to pick up his pen. BRING Bring both your palms near your chest. Bring your eyebrows closer together. CLASP Clasp your hand over your head. She clasped the handle of the cooker. She clasped her daughter in her arms. CLENCH His fists clenched into a ball. He clenched his teeth. She clenched her jaws. FALL He fell flat at the feet of her. Her hair fell over her shoulders. FACE She soon stood up facing him. She was buried face down. He turned and faced them. Stand with your hand facing upwards. Lie on the ground facing downwards. Lie on your front with your face looking downwards. FOLD Fold your hands and look heavenwards. His arms were folded across his chest. They pleaded with folded hands. KEEP Keep your right palm on your cheeks. Keep both your palms apart. Keep the elbow joint straight. Keep your eyes wide open. Keep your elbows close to your body. Keep your eyes shut. KNEEL Kneel down to take pictures of children and pets. He knelt down on the ground. He knelt down and kissed the turf and then stood up. LIFT Walk on, without lifting your head. She lifted her arms above her head. She lifted her eyebrows. Lift your right hand to your right shoulder. She lifted his hand to stroke her face. LOOK He was looking at me up and down. Don’t look at her. LOWER Lower your head to get through the door. She demurely lowered her eyes to the ground. I lowered my head and didn’t look up till the bell rang. MOVE Move your fingers. Don’t move around in the class. Move your right palm right to left. Move your head in the right direction. He moved his head up and down. Move your hand up and down my back. Move your arm from side to side. NOD He nodded his head sagely. I nodded in agreement. She quietly nodded her assent. She nodded knowingly upon mention. PAT Don’t pat your stomach. She gave a pat on his head. She pats his back to help him breathe. PEEP The man peeped from behind a wall. They peeped inside the house through an open window. PINCH Don’t pinch me. He pinched her fingers lightly into her eyes. She gave her son a pinch on his face to wake him up. Pinch the nostrils together. PLACE Place your fingers under your nose to stimulate a mustache. He placed his hand on his son’s head. POINT He pointed his finger in her direction. They pointed at my photo in the album. Point out at him in front of you with your right index finger. PULL He pulled her around to face him. He started pulling strange faces. He pulled his foot out of the shoe. They pulled him into the car and drove off. He took her arm and pulled her along. She pulled me closer. PUSH They pushed away a watchman. He was pushed around. They pushed their face towards him. PUT Put both your palms near your face. Put your arm around your waist. Put your hand on your lips. He put his arm on the seat behind her shoulder. He put his arms around her.

Download or read book Creating Long Sentences in English Boost Your Communication Skills written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Covers The Following Topics: Patterns for Creating Long Sentences 01 -- Using ‘-ING Form of Verbs’ (I) 02 -- Using ‘-ING Form of Verbs’ (II) 03 -- Using ‘-ING Form of Verbs’ (III) 04 -- Using ‘With + -ING Form of Verbs’ 05 -- Using ‘Series’ 06 -- Using ‘From – To’ 07 -- Using ‘Connecting Words or Phrases’ 08 – Using ‘Parenthesis’ 09 – Miscellaneous Patterns Sample This: 01 -- Using ‘-ING Form of Verbs’ (I) Example Sentence 01: The ongoing drought in the state is being described as the country's worst in many decades, causing agricultural distress and forcing villagers to move to urban areas looking for work. Main verb – described -ING form of the verbs – causing, forcing Explanation: The ongoing drought in the state is being described as the country's worst in many decades. Drought is causing agricultural distress. Drought is also forcing villagers to move to urban areas looking for work. Example Sentence 02: Offering huge relief to ten thousand families belonging to the below poverty line category in the state, the ministry of power directed Power Corporation Limited to waive pending domestic power bills for the last 10 months. Main verb – directed -ING form of the verbs – offering, belonging Explanation: The ministry of power directed Power Corporation Limited to waive pending domestic power bills for the last 10 months. The ministry of power offered huge relief to ten thousand families. These families belong to the below poverty line category in the state. Example Sentence 03: A deadly winter storm blanketed a huge swath of the country, grounding flights, turning highways into ice rinks and knocking out power to tens of thousands preparing for the New Year holiday. Main verb – blanketed -ING form of the verbs – grounding, turning, knocking, preparing Explanation: A deadly winter storm blanketed a huge swath of the country. The storm grounded flights. The storm turned highways into ice rinks. The storm knocked out power to tens of thousands (people). They (those people) were preparing for the New Year holiday. Example Sentence 04: From undertaking construction activities when it did not have funds, never submitting utilization certificates for works it did, charging high centage than all other procuring excess expenditure and rarely accounting for unspent balances, the administrative department indulged in financial jugglery that could put the best accountants to shame. Main verb – indulged -ING form of the verbs – undertaking, submitting, charging, accounting Explanation: The administrative department indulged in financial jugglery that could put the best accountants to shame. It (the administrative department) undertook construction activities when it did not have funds. It (the administrative department) never submitted utilization certificates for works it did. It (the administrative department) charged high centage than all other procuring excess expenditure. It (the administrative department) rarely accounted for unspent balances. Example Sentence 05: The city continued to reel under massive traffic jams due to water logging as heavy rains lashed the city for the second consecutive day, flooding several arterial roads and leaving commuters stranded for hours while exposing civic bodies’ lack of preparedness to deal with the perennial problem. Main verbs – continued, lashed -ING form of the verbs – flooding, leaving, exposing Explanation: The city continued to reel under massive traffic jams due to water logging. Heavy rains lashed the city for the second consecutive day. Heavy rains flooded several arterial roads. Heavy rains left commuters stranded for hours. Heavy rains exposed civic bodies’ lack of preparedness to deal with the perennial problem.

Download or read book How to End a Sentence Ways to End Sentences in English written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2020-05-12 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Covers The Following Topics: How to End a Sentence How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘ADJECTIVES’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘ADVERBS’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘-LY WORDS’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘To-Infinitive How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘VERB WORDS’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘ING’ FORM of VERBS How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘Past and Past Participle form of Verbs’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘Linking/Auxiliary/Modal Verbs’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘NOUNS’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘PRONOUNS’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘IDIOMS/PHRASES’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘PREPOSITIONS’ How to End a Sentence -- Miscellaneous Exercises: 1(A) and 1(B) Exercises: 2(A) and 2(B) Sample This: There are different ways to end a sentence in English. There are various words that are widely used to end a sentence. They might be adjectives, adverbs, nouns or pronouns. They might also be words formed from verbs, ending in –ing, -ed, -en, etc. Besides, prepositions, idioms, and phrases are also used to end a sentence. Here, you will learn various words and phrases to end a sentence with. How to END a sentence -- Using ‘ADJECTIVES’ Available -- The daily need items are easily available. Comfortable -- He has been making all possible efforts to make my life comfortable. Complacent -- We must not be complacent. Condemnable -- Instances of people throwing stones at doctors are condemnable. Contagious -- Corona-virus is highly contagious. Distant -- People are not created to be socially distant. Infectious -- Many viruses are highly infectious. Informed -- Be fully informed. Needy -- Schools were used as food distribution centers for the needy. Pessimistic -- Don’t be pessimistic. Spectacular -- The view and the natural surroundings of the lake were spectacular. Technological -- Every country needs to take special care to avoid any attack, be it biological or technological. Unpardonable -- His acts are unpardonable. Unprecedented -- The situation is unprecedented. How to END a sentence -- Using ‘-Ly Words’ Actually -- Life is a circus actually. Considerably -- The cancellations of hotel bookings are likely to dent their revenue considerably. Deeply -- Think more deeply. Drastically -- The rate of sample collection increased drastically. Effectively -- Students should organize their time more effectively. Efficiently -- Sharing responsibility and burdens help us reach our objective more efficiently. Harshly -- We all have fears of being judged harshly. Physically -- Challenge yourself physically. Repeatedly -- Wash your hands repeatedly. Separately -- Police had made arrangements to accommodate the accused separately. Smoothly -- Ensure that all employees have the technical skills needed to perform the job smoothly. Steadily -- The number of those visiting tourist places has been increasing steadily. Urgently -- This matter should be looked into urgently.

Download or read book 2000 English Phrases and Sentences written by Colonel Rajeev Mongia and published by Pustak Mahal. This book was released on 2003-11-25 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to enhance written and spoken English of readers. Besides, the book will be of immense help to almost everyone engaged in the pursuit of knowledge-- schoolchildren, college students, parents, teachers and professionals. the 2,000 phrases and sentences in this book highlight the rich tapestry of expressions in the English language. Many words and phrases have intriguing meanings that may not be apparent or register at first glance. Some words have contrasting meanings in different situations. Yet others are just the opposite of what the word or sentence seems to suggest! the book is categorised into 12 segments that classify sentences into various types. This facilitates the reader's search for the correct sentence in specific scenarios and the book can be used as a reference guide to find the right sentence, much like a dictionary is used for words.

Download or read book English Causative Sentences Active and Passive Causatives written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Covers The Following Topics: What are “Causative Sentences”? Causative Sentences -- HAVE Structure 1(A) ---- Active Causative Structure Structure 1(B) ---- Passive Causative Structure Structure 2(A) ---- Active Causative Structure Structure 2(B) ---- Passive Causative Structure Structure 3(A) ---- Active Causative Structure Structure 3(B) ---- Passive Causative Structure Causative Verb ‘Have’ and Tense Change Causative Sentences -- GET Structure (1) ---- Active Causative Structure Structure (2) ---- Passive Causative Structure Causative Verb ‘Get’ and Tense Change Causative Sentences -- MAKE Causative Sentences -- LET Causative Sentences -- HELP Sentences with Verb ‘Cause’ Other ‘Causative Verbs’ Use of ‘Modal Verbs’ with Causative Verbs Exercises: 1(A) and 1(B) Exercises: 2(A) and 2(B) Exercises: 3(A) and 3(B) Exercises: 4(A) and 4(B) Sample This: What are “Causative Sentences”? In a causative, a person or thing does not perform an action directly. The subject (person or thing) causes it to happen by forcing, persuading, assisting, etc. an agent (another person or thing) to perform it. The subject (person or thing) does not carry out an action oneself but rather has the action done by an agent (another person or thing). Examples: The faulty design caused a bridge to collapse. Modern lifestyles cause children and adults to spend most of their time indoors. Rain caused water to collect on the road. She caused the needle to run. Causative verbs – Have, Get, Make, Let, Help -- Comparison Causative ‘Have’ has less force and authority than Causative ‘Get’. Causative ‘Get’ has less force and authority than Causative ‘Make’ Causative Verb ‘Have’ -- used to express “arrangement/duty/responsibility” [Less Forceful] Causative Verb ‘Get’ -- used to express “encouragement/persuasion". [Forceful] Causative Verb ‘Make’ -- used to express "compulsion/insistence/requirement” [Most Forceful] Causative Verb ‘Let’ -- used to express “permission". [No Force] Causative Verb ‘Help’ -- used to express “assistance". [No Force] Causative ‘Have’ is more formal than causative ‘Get’. In the imperative form, causative ‘Get’ is more frequent than causative ‘Have’. Types of Causative Verbs Causative structures are of two types – (1). ‘Active’ in Nature – (Done By Somebody/Something) (2). ‘Passive’ in Nature – (Done To Somebody/Something) Passive causatives are used to take attention away from the doer of the action and give more attention to the action being done. ALSO NOTE: “Have somebody do something” is more common in American English. “Get somebody to do something” is more common in British English. All causative verbs are transitive. CAUSATIVE VERB – HAVE Structure 1(A) ---- Active Causative Structure Subject + Have (Causative Verb) + Agent (Someone/Something) + Base Form of Verb + Object (Someone/Something) Example: I have him take my photograph. (Present) Explanation: I arrange for my photograph to be taken by him. [I cause him to take my photograph.] Therefore, this is like an active causative structure. Example: I had him take my photograph. (Past) Explanation: I arranged for my photograph to be taken by him. [I caused him to take my photograph.] Therefore, this is like an active causative structure. Example: I will have him take my photograph. (Future) Explanation: I will arrange for my photograph to be taken by him. [I will cause him to take my photograph.] Therefore, this is like an active causative structure. OTHER EXAMPLES: CAUSATIVE - HAVE -- Have/Has + Someone/Something + Base Form of Verb Note: This pattern may denote past, present, or future tense based on another verb in the sentence. Her desire to have me write a memoir only raised my stress level. We are so blessed to have her sing one of our songs. It is one thing to have somebody else ask him about what he has done and it is quite another to have me ask him. He refused to have investigation officers search his home.

Download or read book Examples of English Correlatives Correlative Words and Sentences written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Covers The Following Topics: 1. AS---AS 1A. AS EARLY AS 1B. AS FAR AS 1C. AS LONG AS 1D. AS MANY AS 1E. AS MUCH AS 1F. AS SOON AS 1G. AS WELL AS 2. EITHER---OR 3. NEITHER---NOR 4. WHETHER---OR 5. BARELY/HARDLY/SCARCELY---WHEN 6. NO SOONER---THAN 7. RATHER---THAN 8. NOT ONLY---BUT ALSO 9. ALTHOUGH---YET 10. TOO---TO 11. BETWEEN---AND 12. BOTH---AND 13. SO THAT 14. UNLESS 15. UNTIL 16. OTHERS Exercises: 1(A) and 1(B) Exercises: 2(A) and 2(B) Exercises: 3(A) and 3(B) Sample This: 1. AS---AS Correlative Words connect two equal grammatical items. They link words, phrases, and clauses. They are generally used in the form of pair of words and are popularly called correlative conjunctions. As -- As This Pattern Is Used When You Are Comparing or Linking Two People Or Things, Or Two Situations EXAMPLES: AS EARLY AS AS FAR AS AS LONG AS AS MANY AS AS MUCH AS AS SOON AS AS WELL AS 1A. AS EARLY AS ‘As Early As’ Is Used To Show -- Done Before the Expected, Usual or Planned Time Elections will be held as early as possible. As early as 7:30 a.m. on Sunday, he was surprised to see the policemen. Companies could announce the agreement as early as Tuesday. Given their importance, it makes sense to nurture good values in children as early as possible. I woke up as early as 4 a.m. International sanctions on it could start to be lifted as early as spring next year. We demand that the government acts firmly and culprits are booked as early as possible. The latest refund mechanism facility will help its customers get refunds as early as within 24 hours of returning the product. Our company is looking to invest in Australia as early as next year. Reserve Bank will cut interest rates again, possibly as early as this month. Scores of people visit the beaches of East Coast Road as early as 5 a.m. for their daily exercises. The company is in the process to complete the audit as early as possible and will submit the audited financial results in due course of time. The government planned to overhaul the corporate debt market by pushing all issuance onto an electronic platform as early as November. She could return to China as early as this month, the media reported on Tuesday. She had as early as 1815 directed that the state should settle the entire cost of education of its people. A special report is scheduled to be released as early as this month. The first signs of global warming felt as early as the 1940s. Forecasters predicted national capital could experience sub-zero temperatures as early as next month. Street clearance in the areas surrounding the art museum is scheduled to begin as early as Sunday at 6:00 p.m. This year's flu outbreak can happen as early as October and can last as late as May. Tropical Storm Erika was expected to hit the Southeast as early as Sunday. Government should make sure that the construction of the college starts as early as possible. The police commissioner is all set to complete the probe into the case as early as possible. The Centre today asked the states to take steps in making special courts functional as early as possible. The school principal wanted all files as early as possible. About 100 people lined up outside security barricades as early as 3 a.m.

Download or read book English Conditional Sentences Past Present Future Real Unreal Conditionals written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Conditional sentences” express factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences. There are two clauses in conditional sentences: Dependent clause: Expresses the condition Main clause: Expresses the consequence This Book Covers The Following Topics: What are “Conditional Sentences”? Present Real Conditional Sentences Present Unreal Conditional Sentences Past Real Conditional Sentences Past Unreal Conditional Sentences Future Real Conditional Sentences Future Unreal Conditional Sentences Continuous Forms of Conditional Sentences Mixed Conditional Sentences 'Were To' - Conditional Sentences 'Special Force' - Conditional Sentences 'Wish'- Conditional Sentences 'Miscellaneous' - Conditional Sentences Conditional Sentences: Exercise – 1 Conditional Sentences: Exercise – 2 Summary Sample This: Present Real Conditional Sentences The Present Real Conditional Is Used To Talk About What You Normally Do In Real-Life Situations. STRUCTURE [First Part – If / When + Subject + Present Verb…, Second Part – Simple Present] OR [First Part – Simple Present, Second Part – If / When + Subject + Present Verb…] Whether Use “If” OR “When”? "If" implies - things don’t happen regularly. “When” implies - things happen regularly. If you eat too much fast food, it makes you overweight. Or [It makes you overweight if you eat too much fast food.] If you put salt on salad, they taste nicer. Or [They taste nicer if you put salt on salad.] When I have free time, I often sit in the library. [Regularly] Or [I often sit in the library when I have free time.] MORE EXAMPLES: [First Part – If / When + Subject + Present Verb…, Second Part – Simple Present] If I move to school, I never take my mobile. If you want to be a super-achiever, first recognize your own capabilities. If it melts, it raises the sea level. If something bad happens anywhere, it is natural to be sad. If you heat water, it boils. If the office closes early, we definitely go to the library. If you need help, call me. If I don’t come on time, you are supposed to leave the office. If you feel sleepy, just go to bed. If that isn’t absolute verification, I don’t know what is. If the contractors fail to achieve the target within the specified period, they are liable to pay damages. If you don't get the first good, be content with the second good. [Note: Use of Imperative Sentence] If you are working for something with convictions, you are satisfied. If proper punishment is not awarded to the accused, the faith of the society is shaken in the legal system of the country. [Note: Use of passive voice – is + awarded, and is + shaken] If uranium is bombarded with a neutron, it absorbs some. If a Swedish govt. is interested in such a deal at all, Sweden can negotiate for itself a better deal. If a person is abused repeatedly then that person has the right to object and the right to argue also. If my statement has pained someone then I regret it. If they have done something wrong that doesn’t mean I have also done something wrong. If the refugee cannot afford to pay, she may be refused access to the hospital or have her refugee card confiscated. [First Part – Simple Present, Second Part – If / When + Subject + Present Verb…] I have come to bother you if you don’t mind. We don’t even know if any person by that name exists. Their wages are cut if they do not report for duty on time. You learn a language better if you visit the country where it is spoken. Agency works under pressure if one goes by what the ex-Director says. I apologize if at all the article hurt anyone. Power companies can hike the tariffs if the cost of imported coal rises. Hang me if I am guilty. I meet him if I go there. Butter dissolves if you leave it in sun. Plants die if you don’t water them. Milk goes off if you don’t keep it in a cool place. Ask the officer if you have any problems. I don’t mind if you sit in my cabin. Customers get upset if they are being overcharged. I have no problem if her name is disclosed. They promised to slash power rates if they are elected. Existing laws can be a deterrent if a time-based trial is conducted. Do you mind if I turn on the radio for a while? A death row convict cannot be executed if he is not physically and mentally fit. A student may not be motivated to work hard if a promotion is guaranteed. Many of the deaths can be avoided if bikers wear helmets. I go by taxi when the bus is late.

Download or read book Simple Compound Complex and Compound Complex Sentences English Sentence Forms written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: REVISED EDITION -- FEB 20, 2016 -- Sentence forms in English language - simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, compound-complex sentence | phrases and clauses | independent or principal clause (main clause), dependent or subordinate clause | list of important coordinators and transitional expressions (transitional words or phrases) for compound sentences | list of important subordinators for complex sentences | double and multiple sentences | definition and examples of simple, compound and complex sentences

Download or read book How to Use Numbers in Conversation Numbers in English Sentences written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Covers The Following Topics: Types of Numbers Standard Words for Numbers Various Expressions Structure (1) -- Multiple Number [In the Beginning or Middle of the Sentence] Structure (2) -- Multiple Number + of + Noun Structure (3) -- Multiple Number + of + Noun + of Structure (4) -- Multiple Number (Less) + of + Multiple Number (More) Structure (5) -- Multiple Number (Less) + of + Multiple Number (More) + of + Noun Structure (6) -- Multiple Number + and + Multiple Number Structure (7) -- Number + Times Structure (8) -- Half/Double/Twice/Thrice/Fraction Structure (09) -- Number + As Many + (Noun, Etc. + As) Structure (10) -- As much (As) Structure (11) -- Number + ‘As Likely’ or ‘More Likely’ Sample This: Structure (1) -- Multiple Number [In the Beginning or Middle of Sentence] Hundreds gathered in front of the parliament building early on Monday. Hundreds were injured in two days of clashes. Thousands evacuated after explosions at a munitions depot. Hundreds, perhaps thousands, of Cubans and Haitians have lost their lives at sea seeking freedom and opportunity. Millions marched against the government in over 400 cities. The industry produced several hundred million units a year. The exact loss of the property is not yet known but rough estimates put the losses to ten million dollars. More than three million Australians lack access to critical financial services. Trillions dong spent to build ports which have been left idle. Trillions will need to be spent on infrastructure very soon. Agriculture and tourism are a trillion-dollar economy. Mobiles are a multi-trillion-dollar industry, even bigger than pharmaceuticals. It would add more than a trillion dollars to the economy every year. There are spiral galaxies out there with more than a trillion stars and giant elliptical galaxies with 100 trillion stars. Our inability to comprehend the sheer magnitude of 1 billion has been eclipsed by our inability to comprehend 1 trillion. Global loss to fraud ran into trillions. She said she would have donated most of her $4 trillion to charity. The universe is estimated to be somewhere between 13 billion to 14 billion years old. Structure (2) -- Multiple Number + of + Noun 2-A. HUNDREDS OF Hundreds of stocks saw much more dramatic gains. Hundreds of new jobs were being created every year. Hundreds of homes were destroyed in wildfires. Hundreds of police officers had taken off their bullet-proof vests. Hundreds of students participated in the competition. Hundreds of wannabe leaders are roaming our streets. Hundreds of candidates were standing for parliamentary elections. Hundreds of angry residents surrounded the police post to protest against the incident and demanded the arrest of the culprits. Hundreds of railway officials would be deployed to manage the smooth running of special trains. Hundreds of residents remained without electricity and water Monday evening. Hundreds of riot police continued to fire tear gas and jets of water during the agitation. Hundreds of protestors from a wide variety of activist groups staged protests. He has received hundreds of awards. Stories behind these and the hundreds of other Asian bus accidents are the same. He was welcomed to University by hundreds of students and fans. The flames torched hundreds of homes now. The explosion killed 15 people and destroyed or damaged hundreds of homes. Medical laboratory admitted to paying bribes to hundreds of doctors in the city. Many have walked hundreds of miles fleeing fighting in the capital. Just one severe typhoon could leave behind hundreds of people dead. Wildfires fueled by hot, gusty winds were burning hundreds of acres and forcing evacuations. He posted hundreds of messages on a public Internet forum. The process will involve hundreds of community meetings. There's little sense in having hundreds of followers who don't know what you do. Every year, hundreds of people across the country get infected with contagious diseases. He had hundreds of hats which were on display at the museum. There are hundreds of young writers in India. What about the hundreds of illegal refineries 'discovered' every day? The Corps of Engineers operates hundreds of reservoirs across the nation. We found maps of hundreds of houses. Heavy rainfall, cloud bursts, landslides and floods have caused widespread loss of life and property displacing hundreds of people. The fire has wiped out hundreds of homes. The police raid left hundreds of protesters injured. A squall line is a line of thunderstorms that extend for hundreds of miles. Police detained hundreds of illegal migrants. Many hundreds of fun activities exist on each Hawaiian Island.

Download or read book Analysing English Sentences written by Andrew Radford and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-12 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise introduction to work in syntactic theory, drawing on the key concepts of Chomsky's Minimalist Program.