Download or read book Ponderosa Pine Saplings Respond to Control of Spacing and Understory Vegetation Classic Reprint written by James W. Barrett and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-09-07 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Ponderosa Pine Saplings Respond to Control of Spacing and Understory Vegetation Recent forest inventories indicate that about 5 million acres of commercial pon derosa pine forest land east of the Cascade Range in Washington and Oregon have a dense understory of suppressed trees.l On many additional acres, the overstory has been re moved, leaving dense thickets of 40 to 80-year-old, sapling-sized trees. Some man agers have chosen to thin these residual stands while others, still hesitant about the invest ment in thinning, have elected to let the understory develop naturally. Most agree, however, that if these stands are to make reasonable progress toward producing a merchantable product, they must be thinned. The type of precommercial thinning selected for these stands may imply the product mix of a multiple use manager or the anticipated market of a private com pany. If a forester chooses a narrow spacing, he is forecasting a market for small trees by the time the next thinning is needed. On the other hand, choice of a wide spacing implies that the forester is aiming toward larger trees suitable for sawing or peeling or that he is interested in increasing forage and/or water yields. Both routes may be equally productive. Since optimum tree spacing depends on product objective, the forester must know the growth possibilities at a number of spacings to satisfy varied management objectives. In addition, he needs to know the competitive effects of understory vegetation, soil moisture availability, and limb development, all of which can affect the production of useful wood. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Ponderosa Pine Saplings Respond to Control of Spacing and Understory Vegetation written by James W. Barrett and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ponderosa Pine Saplings Respond to Control of Spacing and Understory Vegetation written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ponderosa Pine Saplings Respond to Control of Spacing and Understory Vegetation written by James Willis Barrett and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thirty five year Growth of Ponderosa Pine Saplings in Response to Thinning and Understory Removal written by P. H. Cochran and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Latest Results from the Pringle Falls Ponderosa Pine Spacing Study written by James Willis Barrett and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Twenty year Growth of Ponderosa Pine Saplings Thinned to Five Spacings in Central Oregon written by James Willis Barrett and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Large crowned Planted Ponderosa Pine Respond Well to Thinning written by James Willis Barrett and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spacing and Understory Vegetation Affect Growth of Ponderosa Pine Saplings written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Twenty Year Growth of Ponderosa Pine Saplings Thinned to Five Spacings in Central Oregon Classic Reprint written by James Willis Barrett and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-09-09 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Twenty-Year Growth of Ponderosa Pine Saplings Thinned to Five Spacings in Central Oregon Stand density and understory vegeta tion have had significant effects on height growth throughout 20 years of observation following thinning. Under story vegetation has had the greatest effect on height growth at the wider spacings, reducing growth from 15 to 50 percent during some periods. Twenty years after thinning, low density plots contain less woo'd fiber than high density plots. On the other hand, widely spaced trees are much larger than narrowly spaced trees and collectively are now producing almost as much wood volume annually as high density plots. Even though most of the trees left after thinning were 70 years old, stagnated, and suppressed by overstory, they have responded well to overstory removal and release, and trees at the three widest spacings appear capable of producing a usable crop of timber despite their advanced age. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Early Response of Ponderosa Pine to Spacing and Brush written by William W. Oliver and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Competition between trees in brush-free plots began during the eighth year for trees spaced 6 by 6 feet and during the tenth year for trees spaced 9 by 9 feet.
Download or read book Spacing and Understory Vegetation Affect Growth of Ponderosa Pine Saplings written by James Willis Barrett and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planted ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) seedlings in young plantations in California are at a disadvantage compared with competing shrubs, forbs, and grasses. In many instances, roots of competing plants begin expanding and exploiting the soil earlier and in greater numbers, thereby capturing the majority of available resources and lowering pine survival and growth. Competition thresholds or "how much is too much?" are: for treatments where a cleared radius is prescribed, no weeds are acceptable within the space needed for maximum growth of pine seedlings during the establishment period; for treatments involving the entire area, crown cover values of 10 to 30 percent seem to be the level beyond which shrub competition significantly affects pine growth. Methods for preparing the site, which include mechanical and chemical methods, use of fire, and combinations of treatments, show the interaction of site and ensuing vegetation. Techniques for controlling competing vegetation from seed include preventing such plants from getting started by use of preemergent herbicides or mats (collars). To prevent sprouting, hardwood trees and large shrubs can be pushed over, thereby getting the root crown out of the ground, or if still in the soil, grinding it out with a machine. Once present, the effect of weeds from seed can be minimized by grubbing or spraying when young, by grazing plants with cattle or sheep, or by introducing plants of low competitive ability. Once sprouting weeds are present, their effect can be minimized by spraying with chemicals, or if palatable, by grazing with cattle or sheep. Costs range from as low as $10 per acre ($25/ha) for aerially applying herbicides to $711 per acre ($1757/ha) for grinding out tanoak stumps.
Download or read book Ponderosa Pine Seedlings and Competing Vegetation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foresters often need information on the cost effectiveness of manual and chemical release treatments for individual and combined species in young mixed-shrub communities. A study in northern Califomia evaluated five manual and chemical treatments and their effect on several shrubs and grasses. Treatments were grubbing at age 1 to 2- and 4 ft (0.6- and 1.2-m) radii, regrubbing and expanding the 2-ft radii to 4 ft, regrubbing and expanding the 4-ft radii to 6 A (1.8 m) at age 4, and applying Velpar herbicide to the entire plot at age 2. Five years after initial manual release and 4 years after chemical release, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) stem caliper at 12 in. (30 cm) above mean ground line differed significantly between Velpar and the untreated control, 2-ft radius, 4-ft radius, and 2-ft radius expanded to 4 ft. Expanding the radius from 4 to 6 feet provided a pine stem caliper that differed significantly from that in the control, and the 2-ft and 4-ft radii treatments. Additional analyses with ponderosa pine seedling height also indicated significant differences among treatmenu that were generally similar to those above. Differences among the six treatments, which are presented in 15 comparisons of stem caliper and treatment production rates, provide forest managers with growth and cost comparisons, and should aid them in selecting the release treatment best suited to their particular situation.
Download or read book Response of Individual Ponderosa Pine Trees to Fertilization written by P. H. Cochran and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spacing and Onderstory Vegetation Affect Growth of Ponderosa Pine Saplings written by J. W. Barrett and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Latest Results from the Pringle Falls Ponderosa Pine Spacing Study Classic Reprint written by James W. Barrett and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-28 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Latest Results From the Pringle Falls Ponderosa Pine Spacing Study At the end of the last measurement period, average diameter (table 1) ranged from 3. 7 inches at the narrowest Spacing to inches where vegeta tion was removed. Some individual trees at the Widest spacing have already attained a diameter of over 10 inches. Harold F. Heady, Robert P. Gibbens, and Robert W. Powell. A comparison of the charting, line intercept, and line point method of sampling shrub types of vegetation. J. Range Manage. 12: 180-188, illus. 1959. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
