Download or read book Fire Toxicity written by A A Stec and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-03-12 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxic fire effluents are responsible for the majority of fire deaths, and an increasing large majority of fire injuries, driven by the widespread and increasing use of synthetic polymers. Fire safety has focused on preventing ignition and reducing flame spread through reducing the rate of heat release, while neglecting the important issue of fire toxicity. This is the first reference work on fire toxicity and the only scientific publication on the subject in the last 15 years. Assessment of toxic effects of fires is increasingly being recognised as a key factor in the assessment of fire hazards. This book raises important issues including the types of toxic effluents that different fires produce, their physiological effects, methods for generation and assessment of fire toxicity, current and proposed regulations and approaches to modelling the toxic impact of fires. The contributors to Fire toxicity represent an international team of the leading experts in each aspect of this challenging and important field. This book provides an important reference work for professionals in the fire community, including fire fighters, fire investigators, regulators, fire safety engineers, and formulators of fire-safe materials. It will also prove invaluable to researchers in academia and industry. Investigates the controversial subject of toxic effluents as the cause of the majority of fire deaths and injuries Describes the different types of toxic effluents and the specific fires that they produce, their physiological effects and methods for generation Provides an overview of national and international fire safety regulations including current and proposed regulations such as a standardized framework for prediction of fire gas toxicity

Download or read book Polyurethane and Fire written by F. H. Prager and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-21 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of all facets of the fire performance examination and evaluation of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams in the various fields of building construction, furniture and furnishings, transportation and electric appliances. The basic information concerning the relevance of the different test procedures allows realistic requirements to be set, guaranteeing more safety in the case of fire. The legal requirements are based on laboratory test methods and the book describes their relevance in relation to real fire scenarios. A must-have reference for producers, suppliers and manufacturers of polyurethanes.

Download or read book Polyurethane and Fire written by F. H. Prager and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-02 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of all facets of the fire performance examination and evaluation of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams in the various fields of building construction, furniture and furnishings, transportation and electric appliances. The basic information concerning the relevance of the different test procedures allows realistic requirements to be set, guaranteeing more safety in the case of fire. The legal requirements are based on laboratory test methods and the book describes their relevance in relation to real fire scenarios. From the contents: Fire protection problems Definition of the fire performance criteria Essential fire scenarios Research of causes of fires Preventive fire protection-fire performance requirements Material-related fire performance characteristics of PUR - general use and interpretation of test results Recommendations A must-have reference for producers, suppliers and manufacturers of polyurethanes.

Download or read book Insulation Materials in Context of Sustainability written by Amjad Almusaed and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-08-31 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives information and guidance on important subjects. It presents the major and efficient applications for efficient insulation materials. The book is divided into two parts. Part I discusses ecological insulation materials. In this part, the three sub-subjects are drafting, Unconventional insulation materials, Jute-Based Insulation Material, and Possible Applications of Corn Cob as a Raw Insulation Material. Part II: discusses Practical Applying and Performance of Insulation Materials (case studies), where three sub-subjects are drafting seismic aspects of the application of thermal insulation boards beneath the building's foundations, flammability of bio-based rigid polyurethane foam thermal insulation, and the review of some commonly used methods and techniques to measure the thermal conductivity of insulation materials.

Download or read book The Non halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook written by Alexander B. Morgan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-stop, practical handbook containing all of the current commercial non-halogenated flame retardant technologies as well as experimental systems near commercialization In response to the emphasis on replacing halogenated flame retardants with alternate technologies, this handbook focuses on existing non-halogenated flame retardants and the experimental close-to-production systems that are available today. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook starts with an overview of the regulations and customer perceptions driving non-halogenated flame retardant selections over older halogenated technologies. It then moves on to cover the known major classes of non-halogenated flame retardants, before concluding with the current niche-performing technologies and untried commercial contenders of the future. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook: Takes a practical approach to addressing the narrow subject of non-halogenated flame retardancy—placing more emphasis on flame retardant selection for specific plastics, practical considerations in flame retardant material design, and the various technologies’ strengths and limits Focuses on the proper use of non-halogenated flame retardants, rather than the mechanics of how they work Discusses important future trends in flame retardancy Features sections written by industrial and chemical experts who know how to apply the technology to polymers for fire safety needs

Download or read book Novel Fire Retardant Polymers and Composite Materials written by De-Yi Wang and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-21 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel Fire Retardant Polymers and Composite Materials reviews the latest scientific developments and technological advances in the design and manufacture of fire retardant polymers and composite materials. Fire retardant polymeric materials are used in a broad range of applications in fields such as aviation, automotive, computer, construction, electronics, and telecommunications. It is essential to have a better understanding of the scientific technology used in the design and manufacture of fire-resistant materials and their end products. This book includes the latest developments in fire retardant technologies for different polymeric material systems, such as PU, PP, PE, PLA, epoxy, rubber, textile, phenol resin, and PA, etc. Provides cutting-edge research in flame retardant materials, relevant to both scientific and industrial applications Presents the latest and most up-to-date fire retardant technologies Discusses the most popular fire retardant polymer systems Includes the latest developments in fire retardant technologies for different polymeric material systems, such as PU, PP, PE, PLA, epoxy, rubber, textile, phenol resin, and PA

Download or read book Polymer Green Flame Retardants written by Constantine D. Papaspyrides and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 943 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Green Flame Retardants covers key issues regarding the response of polymers during fire, the mechanisms of their flame retardation, the regulations imposed on their use, and the health hazards arising from their combustion. Presenting the latest research developments, the book focuses in particular on nanocomposites, believed to be the most promising approach for producing physically superior materials with low flammability and ecological impact. The fire properties of nanocomposites of various matrixes and fillers are discussed, the toxicological characteristics of these materials are analyzed, addressing also their environmental sustainability. Edited by distinguished scientists, including an array of international industry and academia experts, this book will appeal to chemical, mechanical, environmental, material and process engineers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines, and generally to researchers developing commercially attractive and environmentally friendly fire-proof products. Provides recent findings on the manufacture of environmentally sustainable flame retardant polymeric materials Covers legislation and regulations concerning flame retarded polymeric material use Includes tables containing the fire properties of the most common polymeric materials

Download or read book Polyurethane and Related Foams written by Kaneyoshi Ashida and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-09-22 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyurethane and Related Foams: Chemistry and Technology is an in-depth examination of the current preparation, processing, and applications of polyurethanes (PURs) and other polymer foams. Drawing attention to novel raw materials, alternative blowing agents, and new processing methods, the book accentuates recent innovations that meet incre

Download or read book Flexible Polyurethane Foams written by Chris Defonseka and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flexible and viscoelastic polyurethane foams have enormous potential as viable business ventures and have replaced many traditional materials used in everyday life. This book describes the chemistry of flexible and viscoelastic polyurethane foams as well as calculations and formulating methodology for quality production. The author presents detailed information on foam manufacturing, based on over 45 years of hands-on industry experience.

Download or read book Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value Added Products written by Suraini Abd-Aziz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value-Added Products An instructive and up-to-date pretreatment and industrial applications of oil producing plants Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value-Added Products is a two-volume set that delivers a comprehensive exploration of oil producing plants, from their availability to their pretreatment, bioenergy generation, chemical generation, bioproduct generation, and economic impact. The distinguished team of editors has included a wide variety of highly instructive resources written by leading contributors to the field. This set explores the current and future potential of bioenergy production to address the energy and climate crisis, as well as the technologies used to produce materials like biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol, biobutanol, biochar, fuel pellets, and biohydrogen. It also discusses the production of biobased chemicals, including bio-oil, biosurfactants, catanionic surfactants, glycerol, biovanillin, bioplastic, and plant-oil based polyurethanes. Concluding with an insightful analysis of the economic effects of oil producing plants, the set also offers readers: A thorough introduction to the availability of oil producing plants, including palm oil, castor oil, jatropha, nyamplung, and coconut A comprehensive exploration of the pretreatment of oil producing plants, including the physical, chemical and biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass Practical discussion of the generation of bioenergy, including biogas generation in the palm oil mill and biodiesel production techniques using jatropha In-depth examinations of the generation of biobased chemicals, including those produced from the tobacco plant Perfect for researchers and industry practitioners involved with the biorefinery of oil producing plants, Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value-Added Products also belongs in the libraries of undergraduate and graduate students studying agriculture, chemistry, engineering, and microbiology.

Download or read book Toxicity of Plastics and Rubber in Fire written by P. J. Fardell and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 1993 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report does not seek to single out synthetic polymers as a special case. It aims to provide an overview of the whole subject of combustion toxicity and threat to life, whilst supplying specific information on the most frequently encountered polymeric materials, and combustion products such as dioxins which have received high levels of media attention. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database provides useful references for further reading.

Download or read book Halogen Free Flame Retardant Polymers written by Suprakas Sinha Ray and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-30 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of recent academic and industrial research efforts concerning halogen-free flame-retardant (FR) polymers and their nanocomposites. It summarizes the synthesis methods for various types of halogen-free FR polymers and their nanocomposites, and critically reviews their flame-retardant behavior, toxic-gas evolution during combustion, and inhibition methods. In turn, the book discusses the importance of metal oxide nanoparticles, nanoclay, and graphene in flame inhibition and addresses the FR properties of various FR compounds containing polymers, their FR mechanisms, and fire toxicant releasing and inhibition methods in detail. It systematically covers the synergetic effects between different FR compounds, and explains the significance of thermal stability and melt dripping for polymers’ FR properties. The fundamental concepts described here are essential to understanding the FR behaviors of various polymers and their nanocomposites, and to developing efficient, environmentally friendly FR polymers and nanocomposites for a wide range of applications. This book is ideally suited for researchers in the fields of polymer science and engineering, and for graduate students in chemistry and materials science.

Download or read book Fire and Cellular Polymers written by J.M. Buist and published by Springer. This book was released on 1987-01-31 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference, organised jointly by QMC Wolfson Fire & Materials Centre (Queen Mary College) and the Fire Research Station, held at the Tara Hotel in London, UK, was well attended by a wide range of experts in the production and use of polymer foams. Other experts concerned with research, development, testing, specifying, approving and purchasing products incorporating polymer foams for use in the construction, engineering and furniture industries were also present and contributed to the several valuable discussions on specific topics. The conference was successful and achieved its aim of infonning delegates of the fire characteristics of these materials and how they can be assessed in the light of the latest knowledge and technology. The papers presented a wide-ranging review of the main important cellular polymers and their applications in different environments where fire hazards have been encountered. Delegates accepted that there was a continuing need for major growth in the use of cellular polymers and therefore intensified research into development of improved test procedures, fire retardants and smoke suppressants was required.

Download or read book Spray Polyurethane Foam in External Envelopes of Buildings written by Mark T. Bomberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-10-07 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spray Polyurethane Foams in External Envelopes of Buildings presents, for the first time, a book focused on both the theoretical and practical design and applications of spray polyurethane foam (SPF) use. To review the moisture performance of SPF, this book focuses on the design of an assembly where moisture is kept from accumulating and causing deterioration (flow through approach). In this approach, Spray Polyurethane Foam presents two unique parts of theory and practice of various SPF products. FROM THE PREFACE Part 1 of this monograph analyzes SPF performance as the material (product). Being field fabricated, installation of SPF products must include a quality assurance program . . . Laboratory evaluation of foams and their coverings, quality management issues, and quantification of the technical support provided to the SPF contractor are also reviewed. Part 2 presents a systems approach to construction. Starting with principles of environmental control of buildings, different aspects of design and performance of roofing and wall systems are reviewed. Details and design recommendations . . . as well as case studies . . . are included.

Download or read book Fire Retardant Materials written by A. Richard Horrocks and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2001-02-16 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This authoritative reference work will provide a comprehensive source of information for readers concerned with the highly diverse subject of fire retardance. The emphasis is on the burning behaviour and flame retarding properties of polymeric materials. It covers combustion, flame retardants, smoke and toxic products generally and goes on to concentrate on more material-specific aspects of combustion in relation to textiles, composites and bulk polymers. A wide range of fire retardant materials are covered including research in the new field of nanocomposites."--Knovel.

Download or read book Chemical Characterisation of Polyurethanes written by M. J. Forrest and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review aims to introduce the chemistry of polyurethanes, and to examine the different techniques which may be used to analyse these polymers. The characterisation of polyurethane starting materials, cure reaction, polymer structures and molecular c099, and additives, and their relationship to the final properties of the polymer are all outlined. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.

Download or read book A Gallery of Combustion and Fire written by Charles E. Baukal, Jr. and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Gallery of Combustion and Fire is the first book to provide a graphical perspective of the extremely visual phenomenon of combustion in full color. It is designed primarily to be used in parallel with, and supplement existing combustion textbooks that are usually in black and white, making it a challenge to visualize such a graphic phenomenon. Each image includes a description of how it was generated, which is detailed enough for the expert but simple enough for the novice. Processes range from small scale academic flames up to full scale industrial flames under a wide range of conditions such as low and normal gravity, atmospheric to high pressures, actual and simulated flames, and controlled and uncontrolled flames. Containing over 500 color images, with over 230 contributors from over 75 organizations, this volume is a valuable asset for experts and novices alike.