Download or read book Polymers at Cryogenic Temperatures written by Susheel Kalia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-26 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kalia and Fu's novel monograph covers cryogenic treatment, properties and applications of cryo-treated polymer materials. Written by numerous international experts, the twelve chapters in this book offer the reader a comprehensive picture of the latest findings and developments, as well as an outlook on the field. Cryogenic technology has seen remarkable progress in the past few years and especially cryogenic properties of polymers are attracting attention through new breakthroughs in space, superconducting, magnetic and electronic techniques. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, educators, engineers and graduate students in the field and at technical institutions.

Download or read book Polymer Properties at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures written by Gunther Hartwig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-01-31 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most descriptions of polymers start at room temperature and end at the melting point. This textbook starts at very low temperatures and ends at room temperature. At low temperatures, may processes and relaxations are frozen which allows singular processes or separate relaxations to be studied. At room temperatures, or at the main glass transitions, many processes overlap and the properties are determined by relaxations. At low temperatures, there are temperature ranges with negligible influences by glass transitions. They can be used for investigating so-called basic properties which arise from principles of solid state physics. The chain structure of polymers, however, requires stringent modifications for establishing solid state physics of polymers. Several processes which are specific of polymers, occur only at low temperatures. There are also technological aspects for considering polymers at low temperatures. More and more applications of polymeric materials in low temperature technology appear. Some examples are thermal and electrical insulations, support elements for cryogenic devices, low-loss materials for high frequency equipments. It is hoped that, in addition to the scientific part, a data collection in the appendix may help to apply polymers more intensively in low temperature technology. The author greatly appreciates the contributions by his coworkers of the Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe in measurement and discussion of many data presented in the textbook and its appendix. Fruitful disccussions with the colleagues Prof. H. Baur, Prof. S. Hunklinger, Prof. D. Munz and Prof. R.

Download or read book Polymer Properties at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures written by Gunther Hartwig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most descriptions of polymers start at room temperature and end at the melting point. This textbook starts at very low temperatures and ends at room temperature. At low temperatures, may processes and relaxations are frozen which allows singular processes or separate relaxations to be studied. At room temperatures, or at the main glass transitions, many processes overlap and the properties are determined by relaxations. At low temperatures, there are temperature ranges with negligible influences by glass transitions. They can be used for investigating so-called basic properties which arise from principles of solid state physics. The chain structure of polymers, however, requires stringent modifications for establishing solid state physics of polymers. Several processes which are specific of polymers, occur only at low temperatures. There are also technological aspects for considering polymers at low temperatures. More and more applications of polymeric materials in low temperature technology appear. Some examples are thermal and electrical insulations, support elements for cryogenic devices, low-loss materials for high frequency equipments. It is hoped that, in addition to the scientific part, a data collection in the appendix may help to apply polymers more intensively in low temperature technology. The author greatly appreciates the contributions by his coworkers of the Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe in measurement and discussion of many data presented in the textbook and its appendix. Fruitful disccussions with the colleagues Prof. H. Baur, Prof. S. Hunklinger, Prof. D. Munz and Prof. R.

Download or read book Cryogenic Properties of Polymers written by Tito T. Serafini and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Low Temperature Properties of Polymers written by I. Perepechko and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-Temperature Properties of Polymers systematizes the available materials on polymers. This book also describes the main trends in the investigation of interrelated properties of polymers, such as thermal (heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion), acoustical, dielectric, and viscoelastic, which maintain the physical properties of polymers at low temperatures. Comprised of nine chapters, this book first covers heat capacity of polymers at low temperature, and then tackles thermal conductivity of polymers at low temperatures. Chapter 3 discusses thermal expansion of polymers at low temperatures, and Chapter 4 tackles electrical properties of polymers at low temperatures. The fifth chapter covers nuclear magnetic resonance in polymers at low temperature, while the succeeding chapter encompasses dynamic mechanical properties of polymers at low temperatures. Chapter 7 concerns itself with the acoustical properties of polymers at low temperatures, while the succeeding chapter covers viscoelastic parameters of polymers at low temperatures. The closing chapter covers how to determine the thermophysical characteristics of polymers by acoustic measurement at helium temperature. This book will be of great interest to researchers or professionals whose line of work involves the manipulation and understanding of the properties of polymers.

Download or read book Nanotechnology in Aerospace and Structural Mechanics written by Noureddine Ramdani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The realms of aerospace and structural mechanics have been revolutionized due to a plethora of technological advances. These two important sectors most notably have been impacted by the advancement of nanotechnology and have introduced potential groundbreaking changes for lightweight, high strength, and improved electronic properties of nanomaterials. Nanotechnology in Aerospace and Structural Mechanics aims to provide a collection of innovative research on the latest development of materials and methods for designing smart and intelligent devices for use in the field of space research and structural mechanics. It provides a thorough study of the fabrication and control of mechanical systems required for the successful application of nanotechnology in aerospace and structural engineering. While highlighting topics including nanomaterial properties, aerospace electronics, and polymer nanocomposites, this book is ideally designed for engineers, researchers, students, and academicians with interests in the fields of civil engineering, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, and nanoscience.

Download or read book Nonmetallic Materials and Composites at Low Temperature written by G. Hartwig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This, the second special topical conference on the properties of Non-Metallic Materials at Low Temperatures, was sponsored by the International Cryogenic Materials Conference Board. The potential for plastics materials in the field of cryogenics is vast and as yet only partly explored. In addition, many other materials, which qualify for the title non-metallic but are not 'plastics', have numerous possible outlets in low temperature technology. This conference aimed at providing a forum, whereby specialists from Industry, the Universities and from Government sponsored Institutions could assemble to discuss the extent of our current knowledge. As it transpired, the meeting was also to high light the considerable gaps that still exist in our fundamental understanding of the low temperature behaviour of these materials. On this theme, during the course of the conference, a reference was made to an almost forgotten quotation by Lord Kelvin, who said: "When you cannot measure what you are speaking about, when you cannot express in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the stage of a science, whatever the matter be." This simple statement sums up the aims, objectives and hopefully the achievements of this conference. To discuss and disseminate the current knowledge on non-metallic materials in order that realistic predictions of in-service performance may be made.

Download or read book Nonmetallic Materials and Composites at Low Temperatures written by A. F. Clark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryogenics is an emerging technology filled with promises. Many cryogenic systems demand the use of nonmetallics and composites for adequate or increased performance. Thermal and electrical insulations, potting for superconducting magnets' mechanical sta bility, and composite structures appear to be some of the most significant applications. Research on nonmetallics at cryogenic temperatures has not progressed to the degree of research on metals. Nor can room temperature research be extrapolated to low tempera tures; most polymers undergo a phase transformation to the glassy state below room temperature. Research by producers, for the most part, has not been prac tical, because, except for LNG applications, the market for large material sales is not imminent. There are, however, many government stimulated developmental programs. Research on nonmetallics thus is dictated by development project needs, which require studies orien ted toward prototype hardware and specific objectives. As a result, research continuity suffers. Under these conditions, periodic topical conferences on this subject are needed. Industry and uni versity studies must be encouraged. Designers and project research material specialists need to exchange experiences and data. Low temperature-oriented research groups, such as the National Bureau of Standards and the Institute for Technical Physics - Karlsruhe, must contribute by assisting with fundamentals, interpreting proj ect data, and contributing to project programs through their materials research.

Download or read book Heat Capacity and Thermal Expansion at Low Temperatures written by T.H.K. Barron and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The birth of this monograph is partly due to the persistent efforts of the General Editor, Dr. Klaus Timmerhaus, to persuade the authors that they encapsulate their forty or fifty years of struggle with the thermal properties of materials into a book before they either expired or became totally senile. We recognize his wisdom in wanting a monograph which includes the closely linked properties of heat capacity and thermal expansion, to which we have added a little 'cement' in the form of elastic moduli. There seems to be a dearth of practitioners in these areas, particularly among physics postgraduate students, sometimes temporarily alleviated when a new generation of exciting materials are found, be they heavy fermion compounds, high temperature superconductors, or fullerenes. And yet the needs of the space industry, telecommunications, energy conservation, astronomy, medical imaging, etc. , place demands for more data and understanding of these properties for all classes of materials - metals, polymers, glasses, ceramics, and mixtures thereof. There have been many useful books, including Specific Heats at Low Tempera tures by E. S. Raja Gopal (1966) in this Plenum Cryogenic Monograph Series, but few if any that covered these related topics in one book in a fashion designed to help the cryogenic engineer and cryophysicist. We hope that the introductory chapter will widen the horizons of many without a solid state background but with a general interest in physics and materials.

Download or read book Deformation and Flow of Polymeric Materials written by Helmut Münstedt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-18 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the properties of single polymer molecules and polymeric materials and the methods how to characterize them. Molar masses, molar mass distributions and branching structure are discussed in detail. These properties are decisive for a deeper understanding of structure/properties relationships of polymeric materials. This book therefore describes and discusses them in detail. The mechanical behavior as a function of time and temperature is a key subject of the book. The authors present it on the basis of many original results they have obtained in their long research careers. They present the temperature dependence of mechanical properties of various polymeric materials in a wide temperature range: from cryogenic temperatures to the melt. Besides an extensive data collection on the transitions of various different polymeric materials, they also carefully present the physical explanations of the observed phenomena. Glass transition and melting temperatures are discussed, particularly, with their relevance for applications. A comprehensive part of the book deals with properties of polymers in the molten state and their decisive influence on the processing of the materials. The book presents and discusses viscous and elastic properties in detail as a function of molar mass, polydispersity, and branching. This book addresses students of polymer and materials science, as well as other natural sciences. Besides this educational value, it will also serve as a valuable monograph for everyone dealing with polymers and polymeric materials, from research, over development, to applications.

Download or read book Mechanical Properties and Testing of Polymers written by G.M. Swallowe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents a continuation of the Polymer Science and Technology series edited by Dr. D. M. Brewis and Professor D. Briggs. The theme of the series is the production of a number of stand alone volumes on various areas of polymer science and technology. Each volume contains short articles by a variety of expert contributors outlining a particular topic and these articles are extensively cross referenced. References to related topics included in the volume are indicated by bold text in the articles, the bold text being the title of the relevant article. At the end of each article there is a list of bibliographic references where interested readers can obtain further detailed information on the subject of the article. This volume was produced at the invitation of Derek Brewis who asked me to edit a text which concentrated on the mechanical properties of polymers. There are already many excellent books on the mechanical properties of polymers, and a somewhat lesser number of volumes dealing with methods of carrying out mechanical tests on polymers. Some of these books are listed in Appendix 1. In this volume I have attempted to cover basic mechanical properties and test methods as well as the theory of polymer mechanical deformation and hope that the reader will find the approach useful.

Download or read book Low Temperature Properties of Polymers written by I. Perepechko and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Applications of Cryogenic Technology written by J. Patrick Kelley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of Cryogenic Technology, Vol. 10, is the proceedings from the portion of the conference CRYO-90 sponsored by the Cryogenic Society of America (CSA). CRYO-90, held on the campus of the State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, was an unusual interdisciplinary event, drawing from the life sciences as well as the physical science and engineering areas of the low temperature community. Co-sponsoring CRYO-90 with CSA were the Society for Cryobiology and the Symposium on Invertebrate and Plant Cold Hardiness. These latter two organizations brought an exciting developing field to the conference, a field whose exploration will lead to the betterment of all mankind through improved cryosurgical and organ preservation techniques in addition to improved agricultural and herd yields under extreme conditions. Specific goals of the cryobiological community are cryopreservation, the arrest and recovery of living processes of cells, tissues and organs; and cryosurgery - the local cryodestruction of diseased cells while preserving the healthy surrounding tissue. These goals present great technological challenges. The technological requirements of the cryobiologist include the ability to cool tissues 6 at rates of 10 degrees per second (vitrification), to thaw frozen tissue without damaging the delicate cells, to freeze dry tissue using molecular distillation (vacuum) drying, to supercool cell structures below O°C without freezing, and to successfully store the preserved tissues and organs for any required length of time.

Download or read book Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials written by U. Balu Balachandran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-06-30 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1999 Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) and International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) were held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada from July 12th to July 16th. The joint conference theme was "Cryogenics into the Next Millennium". The total conference attendance was 797 with participation from 28 countries. As with previous joint CEC and ICMC Conferences, the participants were able to benefit from the joint conference's coverage of cryogenic applications and materials and their interactions. The conference format of plenary, oral and poster presentations, and an extensive commercial exhibit, the largest in CEC-ICMC history, aimed to promote this synergy. The addition of short courses, workshops, and a discussion meeting enabled participants to focus on some of their specialties. The technical tour, organized by Suzanne Gendron, was of Hydro-Quebec's research institute laboratories near Montreal. In keeping with the conference venue the entertainment theme was Jazz, culminating in .the performance of Vic Vogel and his Jazz Big Band at the conference banquet. This 1999 ICMC Conference was chaired by Julian Cave of IREQ - Institut de recherche d'Hydro-Quebec, and the Program Chair and Vice-Chair were Michael Green of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Balu Balachandran of the Argonne National Laboratory respectively. We especially appreciate the contributions of both the CEC and ICMC Boards and the conference managers, Centennial Conferences, under the supervision of Paula Pair and Kim Bass, in making this conference a success.

Download or read book Thermal Properties of Solids at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures written by Guglielmo Ventura and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The minimum temperature in the natural universe is 2.7 K. Laboratory refrigerators can reach temperatures in the microkelvin range. Modern industrial refrigerators cool foods at 200 K, whereas space mission payloads must be capable of working at temperatures as low as 20 K. Superconducting magnets used for NMR work at 4.2 K. Hence the properties of materials must be accurately known also at cryogenic temperatures. This book provides a guide for engineers, physicists, chemists, technicians who wish to approach the field of low-temperature material properties. The focus is on the thermal properties and a large spectrum of experimental cases is reported. The book presents updated tables of low-temperature data on materials and a thorough bibliography supplements any further research. Key Features include: ° Detailed technical description of experiments ° Description of the newest cryogenic apparatus ° Offers data on cryogenic properties of the latest new materials ° Current reference review

Download or read book Polymer Science and Engineering written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are used in everything from nylon stockings to commercial aircraft to artificial heart valves, and they have a key role in addressing international competitiveness and other national issues. Polymer Science and Engineering explores the universe of polymers, describing their properties and wide-ranging potential, and presents the state of the science, with a hard look at downward trends in research support. Leading experts offer findings, recommendations, and research directions. Lively vignettes provide snapshots of polymers in everyday applications. The volume includes an overview of the use of polymers in such fields as medicine and biotechnology, information and communication, housing and construction, energy and transportation, national defense, and environmental protection. The committee looks at the various classes of polymersâ€"plastics, fibers, composites, and other materials, as well as polymers used as membranes and coatingsâ€"and how their composition and specific methods of processing result in unparalleled usefulness. The reader can also learn the science behind the technology, including efforts to model polymer synthesis after nature's methods, and breakthroughs in characterizing polymer properties needed for twenty-first-century applications. This informative volume will be important to chemists, engineers, materials scientists, researchers, industrialists, and policymakers interested in the role of polymers, as well as to science and engineering educators and students.

Download or read book Going to Extremes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-10-22 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced polymer matrix composites (PMC) have many advantages such as light weight and high specific strength that make them useful for many aerospace applications. Enormous uncertainty exists, however, in predicting long-term changes in properties of PMCs under extreme environmental conditions, which has limited their use. To help address this issue, the Department of Defense requested a study from the NRC to identify the barriers and limitations to the use of PMCs in extreme environments. The study was to focus on issues surrounding methodologies for predicting long-term performance. This report provides a review of the challenges facing application of PMCs in extreme environments, the current understanding of PMC properties and behavior, an analysis of the importance of data in developing effective models, and recommendations for improving long-term predictive methodologies.