Download or read book Polymer stabilized Transition Metal Nanocatalysts written by Olivier Jérémie Nguon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel polymeric architectures and analytical methods were designed for the synthesis, characterization, and applications of metallic nanocatalysts. Four main research areas were investigated, namely: i) palladium nanocatalysts, ii) metal content analysis by a novel microplasma-based technique, iii) polyion complex micelle-metal hybrid structures, and iv) nickel nanocatalysts. The solution and solid-state properties of dendrigraft (arborescent) polystyrene-graft-poly(2-vinylpyridine) copolymers were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The unimolecular micelles exhibited good colloidal stability and narrow size distributions in organic solvents, and a fried egg morphology when deposited onto mica substrates. The preparation of stable colloidal Pd nanoparticles within the dendritic templates was reported for the first time. The diameter of the nanoparticles varied from 0.7 to 3.4 nm depending on the loading level, reduction time, and arborescent copolymer generation used. The catalytic activity of the colloidal Pd nanoparticles was evaluated in the Suzuki-Miyaura (SM) cross-coupling reaction under green conditions. Good catalytic activity and a positive dendritic effect were evidenced, although air-sensitivity and flocculation limited the activity and recyclability of the catalysts. To determine the concentration of Pd in the copolymers, a novel microplasma-based technique was applied in organic solvents for the first time. Metal quantification by microplasma-optical emission spectrometry revealed stoichiometric complexation of the Pd salt by the pyridine groups, and kinetic aggregation studies highlighted the benefits of the polymer for colloidal stability. To obtain Pd nanoparticles dispersible in high water content solutions, polyion complex micelles were synthesized from arborescent copolymers and double-hydrophilic block copolymers. The latter, viz. poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate), were obtained by hydrolysis of poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(2-trimethylsilyloxyethyl acrylate), synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. The self-assembled complexes formed supramolecular aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters of 132 to 354 nm and narrow size distributions. The assemblies exhibited thermo-responsive properties in ethanol, dissociating above ca. 35 °C and reforming upon cooling. The polyion complexes, with hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 110 to 306 nm, were stable in water and were used for the solubilization of Pd nanocatalysts for aqueous Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. Lastly, the properties of nickel nanoparticles prepared at Vale-Inco by a novel thermal decomposition method were investigated. The specific surface area of the bare nanopowders ranged from 6.4 to 97.2 m2g-1, and their catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of adiponitrile and mesityl oxide was higher than for commercial catalysts in some cases. Treatment of the nanoparticles with diethylenetriamine further improved their catalytic activity. Polymeric stabilizers were designed to maximize the dispersibility and catalytic activity of the nanopowders. The structures investigated included triblock copolymers of polystyrene with poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(2-vinylpyridine), and telechelic poly(ethylene glycol). Application of the polymer-stabilized nickel catalysts in hydrogenation yielded up to 15-fold increases in specific catalytic activity as compared to the bare particles. The polymer was also effective at preventing oxidation by air under storage.
Download or read book Late Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysis written by Bernhard Rieger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the start of the 1950s, Ziegler and Natta discovered that simple metallorganic catalysts are capable of transforming olefins into linear polymers with highly ordered structures. This pioneering discovery was recognized with a Nobel Prize in 1963. In the 80s and 90s, the development of molecular defined metallocenes led to a renaissance for non-polar polyolefin materials. Designer catalysts allowed a greater precision in defining properties of the material. The past 10 years have seen the discovery of new catalysts based on late transition metals, which allow the combination of polar monomers with non-polar olefins and thus lead to innovative materials. Here, the world's leading authors from industry and academia describe the latest developments in this fascinating field for the first time in such comprehensive detail. In so doing, they introduce readers systematically to the basic principles and show how these new catalysts can effectively be used for polymerization reactions. This makes the book an ideal and indispensable reference for specialists, advanced students, and scientists of various disciplines dealing with research into catalysts and materials science.
Download or read book Handbook of Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts written by Ray Hoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-20 with total page 895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including recent advances and historically important catalysts, this book overviews methods for developing and applying polymerization catalysts – dealing with polymerization catalysts that afford commercially acceptable high yields of polymer with respect to catalyst mass or productivity. • Contains the valuable data needed to reproduce syntheses or use the catalyst for new applications • Offers a guide to the design and synthesis of catalysts, and their applications in synthesis of polymers • Includes the information essential for choosing the appropriate reactions to maximize yield of polymer synthesized • Presents new chapters on vanadium catalysts, Ziegler catalysts, laboratory homopolymerization, and copolymerization
Download or read book Alkene Polymerization Reactions with Transition Metal Catalysts written by Yury Kissin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-03-10 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past 30 years, the field of alkene polymerization over transition metal catalysts underwent several major changes:1. The list of commercial heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts for the synthesis of polyethylene and stereoregular polyolefins was completely renewed affording an unprecedented degree of control over the polymer structure.2. Research devoted to metallocene and other soluble transition-metal catalysis has vastly expanded and has shifted toward complexes of transition metals with multidentate ligands.3. Recent developments in gel permeation chromatography, temperature-rising fractionation, and crystallization fractionation provided the first reliable information about differences between various active centers in transition-metal catalysts.4. A rapid development of high-resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy resulted in greatly expanded understanding of the chemical and steric features of polyolefins and alkene copolymers. These developments require a new review of all aspects of alkene polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts. The first chapter in the book is an introductory text for researchers who are entering the field. It describes the basic principles of polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts, the types of catalysts, and commercially manufactured polyolefins. The next chapter addresses the principal issue of alkene polymerization catalysis: the existence of catalyst systems with single and multiple types of active centers. The subsequent chapters are devoted to chemistry and stereochemistry of elemental reaction steps, structures of catalyst precursors and reactions leading to the formation of active centers, kinetics of polymerization reactions, and their mechanisms. The book describes the latest commercial polymerization catalysts for the synthesis of polyethylenes and polypropylene The book provides a detailed description of the multi-center nature of commercial Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The book devotes specialized chapters to the most important aspects of transition metal polymerization catalysts: the reactions leading to the formation of active centers, the chemistry and stereochemistry of elemental polymerization steps, reaction kinetics, and the polymerization mechanism. The book contains an introductory chapter for researchers who are entering the field of polymerization catalysis. It describes the basic principles of polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts and the types of commercially manufactured polyolefins and copolymersThe book contains over 2000 references, the most recent up to end of 2006.
Download or read book Selective Nanocatalysts and Nanoscience written by Adriano Zecchina and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-15 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling a gap in the catalysis and nano literature, this monograph is unique in focusing on both nanostructured heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. As such, it describes a selection of heterogeneous catalysts in use, showing that the dimension of the relevant portions of the catalysts are always in the 1-100 nm range, and so may be properly understood as nanomachines for the chemical manipulation of molecules to perform high precision selective synthesis. The prominent international authors then go on to show that the concept of nanoscience can be equally applied to artificial homogeneous catalysts whose active sites are generally considered as "single-sites" having a "molecular" dimension. The result is an excellent overview of such hot topics as nanoparticles, MOFs and more, making this indispensable reading for catalytic and organic chemists, as well as those working on organometallics.
Download or read book Transition Metal Catalyzed Polymerizations written by Roderic P. Quirk and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1988 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Transition Metal Catalyzed Polymerizations held in 1986. The papers provide a broad-based perspective covering recent scientific and technological advances in Ziegler-Natta and metathesis polymerization, including olefin, diene, and acetylene polymerization, and copolymerization. The emphasis on reaction kinetics of polymerizations in different reagent and catalyst environments makes this volume of interest to both academic and industrial researchers.
Download or read book Transition Metals and Organometallics as Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization written by Walter Kaminsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 30 years after the discovery of transition metals and organometal lics as catalysts for olefin polymerization these catalysts did not have lost their fascination. Since 1953 when Karl Ziegler has discovered the catalytic polymerization of ethylene leading to plastically formable polymers which are mechanically stable up to temperatures of about 100°C, synthetic polymers and rubbers have made their way right into private houses. This discovery has been a main impetus for the fast growing production of plastics. The stereoselective poly merization of propylene and other long-chain a-olefins first detected by Giulio Natta leads to an even broadened field of applications. Another enforcing factor were the developments of Standard Oil of Indiana and Phillipps Petroleum Company who engaged in the polymerization of a-olefins supported molybdenum, cobalt and later on chromium catalysts which clearly indicates the wide variety of suitable systems. This kind of research acknowledged merit when in 1963 the Nobel prize of chemistry was awarded to Ziegler and Natta. Although to a great extent there is a technical application for these catalysts, up to now the nature of the active centres and many reaction mechanisms are not completely known.
Download or read book Metal Catalysts in Olefin Polymerization written by Zhibin Guan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-31 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyolefin is a major industry that is important for our economy and impacts every aspect of our lives. The discovery of new transition metal-based catalysts is one of the driving forces for the further advancement of this field. Whereas the classical heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts and homogeneous early transition metal metallocene catalysts remain the workhorses of the polyolefin industry, in roughly the last decade, tremendous progress has been made in developing non-metallocene-based olefin polymerization catalysts. Particularly, the discovery of late transition metal-based olefin polymerization catalysts heralds a new era for this field. These late transition metal complexes not only exhibit high activities rivaling their early metal counterparts, but more importantly they offer unique properties for polymer architectural control and copolymerization with polar olefins. In this book, the most recent major breakthroughs in the development of new olefin polymerization catalysts, including early metal metallocene and non-metallocene complexes and late transition metal complexes, are discussed by leading experts. The authors highlight the most important discoveries in catalysts and their applications in designing new polyolefin-based functional materials.
Download or read book Metal Nanoparticles for Catalysis written by Franklin Tao and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-06-12 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis is a central topic in chemical transformation and energy conversion. Thanks to the spectacular achievements of colloidal chemistry and the synthesis of nanomaterials over the last two decades, there have also been significant advances in nanoparticle catalysis. Catalysis on different metal nanostructures with well-defined structures and composition has been extensively studied. Metal nanocrystals synthesized with colloidal chemistry exhibit different catalytic performances in contrast to metal nanoparticles prepared with impregnation or deposition precipitation. Additionally, theoretical approaches in predicting catalysis performance and understanding catalytic mechanism on these metal nanocatalysts have made significant progress. Metal Nanoparticles for Catalysis is a comprehensive text on catalysis on Nanoparticles, looking at both their synthesis and applications. Chapter topics include nanoreactor catalysis; Pd nanoparticles in C-C coupling reactions; metal salt-based gold nanocatalysts; theoretical insights into metal nanocatalysts; and nanoparticle mediated clock reaction. This book bridges the gap between nanomaterials synthesis and characterization, and catalysis. As such, this text will be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers in these exciting fields.
Download or read book Metal catalyzed Cross coupling Reactions written by François Diederich and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions are arguably the most important processes in chemistry, as they represent key steps in the building of complex molecules from simple precursors. Among these reactions, metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are extensively employed in a wide range of areas of preparative organic chemistry, ranging from the synthesis of complex natural products, to supramolecular chemistry, and materials science. In this work, a dozen internationally renowned experts and leaders in the field bring the reader up to date by documenting and critically analyzing current developments and uses of metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. A particularly attractive and useful feature, that enhances the practical value of this monograph, is the inclusion of key synthetic protocols, in experimental format, chosen for broad utility and application. This practice-oriented book can offer the practitioner short cuts to ensure they remain up-to-date with the latest developments.
Download or read book Transition Metal Catalysis in Macromolecular Design written by Lisa Saunders Boffa and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal-mediated polymerization is fast becoming an essential tool for the fine control of macromolecular architecture. Advanced Catalysis demonstrates how the field of transition metal-catalyzed polymer syntheses has moved beyond the simple use of single-site catalysts to new applications and "advanced" techniques of architectural control. This book defines and presents "next generation" techniques and trends for polymer architecture control for an immediate grasp on the future of this exciting field.
Download or read book Nanomaterials in Catalysis written by Philippe Serp and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-15 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocatalysis has emerged as a field at the interface between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and offers unique solutions to the demanding requirements for catalyst improvement. Heterogeneous catalysis represents one of the oldest commercial applications of nanoscience and nanoparticles of metals, semiconductors, oxides, and other compounds have been widely used for important chemical reactions. The main focus of this fi eld is the development of well-defined catalysts, which may include both metal nanoparticles and a nanomaterial as the support. These nanocatalysts should display the benefits of both homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts, such as high efficiency and selectivity, stability and easy recovery/recycling. The concept of nanocatalysis is outlined in this book and, in particular, it provides a comprehensive overview of the science of colloidal nanoparticles. A broad range of topics, from the fundamentals to applications in catalysis, are covered, without excluding micelles, nanoparticles in ionic liquids, dendrimers, nanotubes, and nanooxides, as well as modeling, and the characterization of nanocatalysts, making it an indispensable reference for both researchers at universities and professionals in industry.
Download or read book Nano catalysts for Energy Applications written by Rohit Srivastava and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-07-29 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises of chapters based on design of various advanced nano-catalysts and offers a development of novel solutions for a better sustainable energy future. The book includes all aspects of physical chemistry, chemical engineering and material science. The advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology help to find cost-effective and environmentally sound methods of converting naturally inspired resources into fuels, chemicals and energy. The book leads the scientific community to the most significant development in the focus research area. It provides a broad and in-depth coverage of design and development advanced nano-catalyst for various energy applications.
Download or read book Polymer supported Transition Metal Catalysts written by E. S. Chandrasekaran and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanocatalysis written by Vivek Polshettiwar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-06 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exhibiting both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic properties, nanocatalysts allow for rapid and selective chemical transformations, with the benefits of excellent product yield and ease of catalyst separation and recovery. This book reviews the catalytic performance and the synthesis and characterization of nanocatalysts, examining the current state of the art and pointing the way towards new avenues of research. Moreover, the authors discuss new and emerging applications of nanocatalysts and nanocatalysis, from pharmaceuticals to fine chemicals to renewable energy to biotransformations. Nanocatalysis features contributions from leading research groups around the world. These contributions reflect a thorough review of the current literature as well as the authors’ first-hand experience designing and synthesizing nanocatalysts and developing new applications for them. The book’s nineteen chapters offer a broad perspective, covering: Nanocatalysis for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions Nanocatalysis for various organic transformations in fine chemical synthesis Nanocatalysis for oxidation, hydrogenation, and other related reactions Nanomaterial-based photocatalysis and biocatalysis Nanocatalysts to produce non-conventional energy such as hydrogen and biofuels Nanocatalysts and nano-biocatalysts in the chemical industry Readers will also learn about the latest spectroscopic and microscopy tools used in advanced characterization methods that shed new light on nanocatalysts and nanocatalysis. Moreover, the authors offer expert advice to help readers develop strategies to improve catalytic performance. Summarizing and reviewing all the most important advances in nanocatalysis over the last two decades, this book explains the many advantages of nanocatalysts over conventional homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, providing the information and guidance needed for designing green, sustainable catalytic processes.
Download or read book Metal Complex Catalysts Supercritical Fluid Polymerization Supramolecular Architecture written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-03 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: recent resultsinadvancedorganometallicchemistry.Firstofall,somerecentexamples of the previous reviews concerning the Ziegler-Natta polymerization are cited [1—10]. Then, relevant new reports are surveyed in a systematic fashion.
Download or read book Transition Metal Catalyzed Polymerizations written by Roderic P. Quirk and published by Harwood Academic Publishers. This book was released on 1983 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
