Download or read book Polyelectrolyte Multilayers of Cationic and Anionic Starch and Their Use for Improving the Strength of Papers Made from Mechanical Pulps written by Lisa Lundström and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graphic paper is experiencing severe competition from other materials and, most of all, from other media. This means there is a great need to improve paper quality while reducing raw material and production costs. Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) treatment (i.e., consecutively adding cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes to the charged surface of wood fibres and fines, to form layers of these polyelectrolytes on the fibres/fines) has in recent years been found to offer great potential both to introduce new properties and to improve the mechanical properties of papers made of the treated fibres.The main objective of this thesis was to develop a strategy for the PEM treatment of cationic and anionic starch to improve the mechanical properties of paper made of thermomechanical pulp (TMP), since PEM treatment of fibres has displayed great potential to improve the mechanical properties of sheets made of chemical pulp. Mechanical pulp, however, has a large fine material content. Since the fine material is highly charged, polyelectrolyte consumption would be unacceptably high if the entire pulp were PEM treated, so we applied PEM treatment only to a fibre fraction of the pulps in most trials in the present work. The polyelectrolytes used for PEMs have so far mostly been well-defined, expensive ones unsuitable for use in standard paper grades; to develop a more economically realistic alternative, we used cationic and anionic starches.PEM formation on SiO2 surfaces from three differently charged cationic and anionic starches was first evaluated at three different salt levels using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and stagnation point adsorption reflectometry (SPAR). The starch combinations displaying the highest potential for stable PEM formation at higher salt concentrations were then evaluated on an entire TMP pulp, as well as on a fraction of the pulp to reduce the amount of starch needed for PEM formation.The results indicate that it is possible to form PEMs from cationic and anionic starch on a SiO2 surface. The charge density, salt concentration, and combination of starches all influenced PEM formation. PEM formation on mechanical fibres produced large improvements in the mechanical properties of the sheets made of the treated fibres, and the tensile index, stretch-at-break, Z-strength, and Scott bond values all increased. Fractionating the pulp and PEM treating only a fraction of the pulp, the long fibre and middle fraction, produced large decreases in the amount of starch needed and large improvements in the mechanical properties of the sheets when no fine material was subsequently added. As untreated fine material was subsequently added, the improvement in mechanical properties decreased. PEM formation produced almost no reduction in formation and only a slight increase in sheet density.
Download or read book Nordic Pulp Paper Research Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pigment Coating and Surface Sizing of Paper written by Jouni Paltakari and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polyelectrolytes written by Visakh P. M. and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a valuable reference source to graduate and post graduate students, engineering students, research scholars polymer engineers from industry. The book provides the reader with current developments of theoretical models describing the thermodynamics polyelectrolytes as well as experimental findings. A particular emphasis is put on the rheological description of polyelectrolyte solutions and hydrogels.
Download or read book Synthesis and Applications of Biopolymer Composites written by Ana María Díez-Pascual and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, as a collection of 17 research articles, provides a selection of the most recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of environmentally friendly and biodegradable biopolymer composites and nanocomposites. Recently, the demand has been growing for a clean and pollution-free environment and an evident target regarding the minimization of fossil fuel usage. Therefore, much attention has been focused on research to replace petroleum-based commodity plastics by biodegradable materials arising from biological and renewable resources. Biopolymers—polymers produced from natural sources either chemically from a biological material or biosynthesized by living organisms—are suitable alternatives for addressing these issues due to their outstanding properties, including good barrier performance, biodegradation ability, and low weight. However, they generally possess poor mechanical properties, a short fatigue life, low chemical resistance, poor long-term durability, and limited processing capability. In order to overcome these deficiencies, biopolymers can be reinforced with fillers or nanofillers (with at least one of their dimensions in the nanometer range). Bionanocomposites are advantageous for a wide range of applications, such as in medicine, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, food packaging, agriculture, forestry, electronics, transport, construction, and many more.
Download or read book Papermaking Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymeric Materials with Antimicrobial Activity written by Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of different antimicrobial polymeric materials, their antimicrobial action modes and applications.
Download or read book Polyelectrolytes and Nanoparticles written by Joachim Koetz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-20 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lab manual guides chemists through demonstrations of synergistic effects between polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles. After a short introduction into the field of polyelectrolytes and polyelectrolyte characterization, the book discusses the role of polyelectrolytes in the process of nanoparticle formation. The book also explains methods for characterization of the polyelectrolyte-modified nanoparticles.
Download or read book Handbook of Paper and Board written by Herbert Holik and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-25 with total page 1223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papermaking is a fascinating art and technology. The second edition of this successful 2 volume handbook provides a comprehensive view on the technical, economic, ecologic and social background of paper and board. It has been updated, revised and largely extended in depth and width including the further use of paper and board in converting and printing. A wide knowledge basis is a prerequisite in evaluating and optimizing the whole process chain to ensure efficient paper and board production. The same is true in their application and end use. The book covers a wide range of topics: * Raw materials required for paper and board manufacturing such as fibers, chemical additives and fillers * Processes and machinery applied to prepare the stock and to produce the various paper and board grades including automation and trouble shooting * Paper converting and printing processes, book preservation * The different paper and board grades as well as testing and analysing fiber suspensions, paper and board products, and converted or printed matters * Environmental and energy factors as well as safety aspects. The handbook will provide professionals in the field, e. g. papermakers as well as converters and printers, laymen, students, politicians and other interested people with the most up-to-date and comprehensive information on the state-of- the-art techniques and aspects involved in paper making, converting and printing.
Download or read book Journal of Pulp and Paper Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polysaccharide Based Graft Copolymers written by Susheel Kalia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renowned experts give all essential aspects of the techniques and applications of graft copolymers based on polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are the most abundant natural organic materials and polysaccharide based graft copolymers are of great importance and widely used in various fields. Natural polysaccharides have recently received more attention due to their advantages over synthetic polymers by being non-toxic, biodegradable and available at low cost. Modification of polysaccharides through graft copolymerization improves the properties of polysaccharides. Grafting is known to improve the characteristic properties of the backbones. Such properties include water repellency, thermal stability, flame resistance, dye-ability and resistance towards acid-base attack and abrasion. Polysaccharides and their graft copolymers find extensive applications in diversified fields. Applications of modified polysaccharides include drug delivery devices, controlled release of fungicides, selective water absorption from oil-water emulsions, purification of water etc.
Download or read book Chemistry of Modern Papermaking written by Cornel Hagiopol and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry of Modern Papermaking presents a chemist's perspective on the papermaking process. With roughly 3% of the mass of a paper product invested in water-soluble chemicals, paper makers can adjust the speed and efficiency of the process, minimize and reuse surplus materials, and differentiate a paper product as required by specific customers. W
Download or read book Natural Fibers Biopolymers and Biocomposites written by Amar K. Mohanty and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-04-08 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural/Biofiber composites are emerging as a viable alternative to glass fiber composites, particularly in automotive, packaging, building, and consumer product industries, and becoming one of the fastest growing additives for thermoplastics. Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites provides a clear understanding of the present state
Download or read book Nanopapers written by Wenyi Huang and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanopapers: From Nanochemistry and Nanomanufacturing to Advanced Applications gives a comprehensive overview of the emerging technology of nanopapers. Exploring the latest developments on nanopapers in nanomaterials chemistry and nanomanufacturing technologies, this book outlines the unique properties of nanopapers and their advanced applications. Nanopapers are thin sheets or films made of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, nanoclays, cellulose nanofibrils, and graphene nanoplatelets. Noticeably, nanopapers allow highly concentrated nanoparticles to be tightly packed in a thin film to reach unique properties such as very high electrical and thermal conductivities, very low diffusivity, and strong corrosion resistance that are shared by conventional polymer nanocomposites. This book presents a concise introduction to nanopapers, covering concepts, terminology and applications. It outlines both current applications and future possibilities, and will be of great use to nanochemistry and nanomanufacturing researchers and engineers who want to learn more about how nanopapers can be applied. - Outlines the main uses of nanopapers, showing readers how this emerging technology should best be applied - Shows how the unique properties of nanopapers make them adaptable for use in a wide range of applications - Explores methods for the nanomanufacture of nanopapers
Download or read book Paper Products Physics and Technology written by Monica Ek and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009-12-15 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This four volume set covers the entire spectrum of pulp and paper chemistry and technology from starting material to processes and products including market demands. This work is essential for all students of wood science and a useful reference for those working in the pulp and paper industry or on the chemistry of renewable resources. This volume examines the physical properties of paper and modern demands on this versatile material. The book presents fundamental definitions of fibre networks and their structure, physical properties of the paper and their development during pressing and drying, interactions with moisture and its affect on mechanical properties, interactions between light and fibrous materials and the determination of optical properties of the paper, physical action of dry-strength and wet-strength chemicals, physical properties of the paper surface with special emphasis on printing and print quality, overview of packaging materials and the demands on paper from a packaging materials perspective, laminate theories for papermakers and theoretical models of paper for converting and end-uses.
Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Water Soluble Polymers written by Peter A. Williams and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural and synthetic water soluble polymers are used in a wide range of familiar industrial and consumer products, including coatings and inks, papers, adhesives, cosmetics and personal care products. They perform a variety of functions without which these products would be significantly more expensive, less effective or both. Written for research, development and formulation chemists, technologists and engineers at graduate level and beyond in the fine and specialty chemicals, polymers, food and pharmaceutical industries, the Handbook of Industrial Water Soluble Polymers deals specifically with the functional properties of both natural and synthetic water soluble polymers. By taking a function based approach, rather than a “polymer specific” approach the book illustrates how polymer structure leads to effect, and shows how different polymer types can be employed to achieve appropriate product properties.
Download or read book Biodegradable Polymers in Clinical Use and Clinical Development written by Abraham J. Domb and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on biodegradable polymers that are already in clinical use or under clinical development. Synthetic and natural polymers will be included. This excludes polymers that have been investigated and did not reach clinical development. The purpose of this book is to provide updated status of the polymers that are clinical use and those that are now being developed for clinical use and hopefully will reach the clinic during the next 5 years. The book provides information that of interest to academics and practicing researchers including chemists, biologists and bioengineers and users: physicians, pharmacists.
