Download or read book Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Thin Films with Antimicrobial Antifouling and Drug Releasing Properties written by Sze Yinn Jessie Wong and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis work focuses on designing thin polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films via layer-bylayer (LbL) deposition technique with the ability to kill pathogenic bacteria and inactivate human viruses, especially the influenza (flu) virus on contact. This work builds on four years of research at the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (ISN) focusing on creating new, nonleaching microbicidal material; this film is envisioned to be used as permanent surface coatings for weapons, equipments, uniforms, personal items, etc. because a small reduction in the rate of infection will greatly enhance the readiness and performance of soldiers and other military personnel. Extending this application to everyday life, commonly handled objects such as doorknobs, computer keyboards, and touch screens can also be made sterile by coating them with these highly effective microbicidal PEM films. These films can also be used to prevent infections and long-term bacterial biofilms on implant surfaces. The ultimate aim of this thesis work is to create a broadly applicable multifunctional platform film technology that will satisfy various thin film surface coating applications; this film will impart a surface with long term antimicrobial / antifouling functionality via a permanent microbicidal base, and controlled delivery of a therapeutic agent via a hydrolytically degradable top film as needed. Efforts were focused on maximizing and understanding the factors that influence the microbicidal / antifouling property of the film; thus far, we successfully designed a set of contact-killing ionically cross-linked polymeric thin films; a hydrophobic polycation, linear NNdodecyl, methyl- poly(ethylenimine) (DMLPEI) with microbicidal activity was layered with a hydrophilic polyanion, such as poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), to create LbL films highly effective against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram negative and positive bacteria, respectively), as well as the influenza A/WSN (H1N1) virus. The microbicidal film was also demonstrated to significantly resist adsorption of protein from blood plasma relative to an uncoated substrate. By generating PEM films assembled with the hydrophobic N-alkylated poly(ethylenimine) and the hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid), an ultrathin film that exhibited antifouling and antimicrobial properties was created. Results showed that a fine balance of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity on the surface of the films was needed to create molecularlevel heterogeneities unfavorable to protein adsorption; due to the contrasting nature of the polymer making up the film, nanoscale segregation of the polymer segments into hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties could occur on the surface. We then moved on to design a dual functional LbL film construct combining the permanent microbicidal / antifouling base film with a hydrolytically degradable PEM top film offering controlled and localized delivery of therapeutics (e.g. antibiotic, anti-inflammatory drug, etc.). When the degradable top film is completely eroded, the surface will be left with the permanent microbicidal film for long-term prevention of fouling by biomolecules and microorganisms (e.g., proteins and bacteria).
Download or read book Multilayer Thin Films written by Gero Decher and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-07 with total page 1157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second, comprehensive edition of the pioneering book in this fi eld has been completely revised and extended, now stretching to two volumes. The result is a comprehensive summary of layer-by-layer assembled, truly hybrid nanomaterials and thin fi lms, covering organic, inorganic, colloidal, macromolecular, and biological components, as well as the assembly of nanoscale fi lms derived from them on surfaces. These two volumes are essential for anyone working in the field, as well as scientists and researchers active in materials development, who needs the key knowledge provided herein for linking the field of molecular self-assembly with the bio- and materials sciences.
Download or read book Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Complexes written by Anne Palermo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antifouling Properties of Smooth and Structured Polyelectrolyte Thin Films written by Xinyu Cao and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Engineering Invitro Cellular Microenvironment Using Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films to Control Cell Adhesion and for Drug Delivery Applications written by Srivatsan Kidambi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Self Healing Polymer Based Systems written by Sabu Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-07-11 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-Healing Polymer-Based Systems presents all aspects of self-healing polymeric materials, offering detailed information on fundamentals, preparation methods, technology, and applications, and drawing on the latest state-of-the-art research. The book begins by introducing self-healing polymeric systems, with a thorough explanation of underlying concepts, challenges, mechanisms, kinetic and thermodynamics, and types of chemistry involved. The second part of the book studies the main categories of self-healing polymeric material, examining elastomer-based, thermoplastic-based, and thermoset-based materials in turn. This is followed by a series of chapters that examine the very latest advances, including nanoparticles, coatings, shape memory, self-healing biomaterials, ionomers, supramolecular polymers, photoinduced and thermally induced self-healing, healing efficiency, life cycle analysis, and characterization. Finally, novel applications are presented and explained. This book serves as an essential resource for academic researchers, scientists, and graduate students in the areas of polymer properties, self-healing materials, polymer science, polymer chemistry, and materials science. In industry, this book contains highly valuable information for R&D professionals, designers, and engineers, who are looking to incorporate self-healing properties in their materials, products, or components. - Provides comprehensive coverage of self-healing polymeric materials, covering principles, techniques, and applications - Includes the very latest developments in the field, such as the role of nanofillers in healing, life cycle analysis of materials, and shape memory assisted healing - Enables the reader to unlock the potential of self-healing polymeric materials for a range of advanced applications
Download or read book Fundamental Studies of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films written by Adam John Nolte and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are a versatile type of thin film that is created via layer-by-layer assembly of positively and negatively charged polymers from aqueous solutions. Precise control of the PEM thickness, chemical functionality, and molecular architecture is made possible by changing the polyelectrolytes and assembly conditions during film growth, allowing films to be designed with properties suitable for a given application. This thesis elucidates the intra-film structure and interactions of PEMs through the use of optical, mechanical, and chemical techniques. PEM rugate filters, wherein the refractive index varies through the depth of the film in a continuous, periodic fashion, were constructed by confining silver nanoparticle growth to layers of nanometer-scale thickness. The ability to construct such structures is shown to be dependent on the ability to precisely control the concentration of metal-binding carboxylic acid groups throughout the depth of the film. Software to enable the computation design and optical simulation of these and similar structures was developed.
Download or read book Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coatings for Conductive Nanomaterials Patterning and Anti wrinkling Applications written by Troy Richard Hendricks and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanostructured Thin Films and Surfaces written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-08 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book series Nanomaterials for the Life Sciences, provides an in-depth overview of all nanomaterial types and their uses in the life sciences. Each volume is dedicated to a specific material class and covers fundamentals, synthesis and characterization strategies, structure-property relationships and biomedical applications. The series brings nanomaterials to the Life Scientists and life science to the Materials Scientists so that synergies are seen and developed to the fullest. Written by international experts of various facets of this exciting field of research, the series is aimed at scientists of the following disciplines: biology, chemistry, materials science, physics, bioengineering, and medicine, together with cell biology, biomedical engineering, pharmaceutical chemistry, and toxicology, both in academia and fundamental research as well as in pharmaceutical companies. VOLUME 5 - Nanostructured Thin Films and Surfaces
Download or read book Biomaterials and antibacterial materials for osseous ligament system written by Yansong Qi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Polyelectrolytes and Their Applications Polyelectrolyte based multilayers self assemblies and nanostructures written by Sukant K. Tripathy and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Swelling and Contraction Properties for Polyelectrolyte Multilayers and Polymer Thin Films Measured by In situ Ellipsometry written by Yubing Ma and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weak polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) fabricated by the Layer by Layer (LBL) assembling technique showed special swollen and contraction behaviors when they came in contact with water and organic liquids. The contraction responses of PEM were found to be dependent on the solvent selection. The correlation between the degrees of the films contraction and the solvent type needed be explored. Therefore, in this study, we utilized solubility parameters to discuss the responses for branched poly (ethylene imine)/poly (acrylic acid) (BPEI/PAA) multilayers when soaked in a variety of solvent liquids. When immersed in organic solvents, film dehydrated and contraction also caused mechanical property changes for BPEI/PAA films. The film's thickness was the best predictor for determining how a film swelled in water or contracted in organic liquid. The hydrogen bonding ability of the solvents played an important role in determining the degree of film contraction in most cases, for these solvents, it did so when increasing the temperature of the measurement corresponding to reducing the strength of the hydrogen bonding, and decreasing the ability to dehydrate the films as well. However, some solvents did not follow the linear trend with the strength of hydrogen bonding; in these, a stronger correlation was observed between contraction degrees and dielectric constants, showing that traditional solvent quality discussions and electrostatics were significant to understanding the contraction behavior of PEMs in organic solvents. Besides the PEM system, the swelling behavior of poly(n-propyl methacrylate), PPMA, films in water were also measured in-situ using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Two different end groups grafted poly (n-propyl methacrylate)s with similar high molecular weight were successfully synthesized by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT) synthesis method. The end group of the two PPMAs impacted the swelling behavior over the temperature range of 25 to 50 0C At 25 0C, the dithiobenzoate terminated PPMA (PPMA-DB) leading to significantly less swelling (4.2 vol%) than the dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl terminated PPMA (PPMA-DD, 6.4 vol%). These PPMA films swelled significantly more than one would expect since their hydrophobicity, which was attributed to the other end group from RAFT being a carboxylic acid in both polymers. As the temperature was increased, the swelling for the PPMA-DB increased; the swelling decreased for the PPMA-DD with a crossover at approximately 350C Both the swelling processes had two stages: an initial rapid swelling within the first minute and then a slow increase in thickness over several hours. The different swelling trends of the PPMA-DB and PPMA-DD described the end group effect on the polymers especially the chain conformations. Additionally, for the mechanical properties of these two kinds of PPMA, the elastic modulus was similar; however, the fracture modulus showed some difference, in that the larger swelling PPMA-DD films have a somewhat smaller fracture strength also influenced by the different end groups.
Download or read book Multilayer Thin Films by Layer by Layer LBL Assembly of Functional Polyelectrolytes written by Kyungsun Choi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polyelectrolyte Multilayers for Tunable Release of Antibiotics and Other Therapeutics written by Helen F. Chuang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) were fabricated via the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition process, incorporating hydrolytically degradable poly([beta]-amino esters) to result in biodegradable PEMs that can release active ingredients in a dosage- and rate-tunable fashion. Specifically, PEMs incorporating several types of antibiotics, ranging from aminoglycosides to antimicrobial peptides (AmPs), were fabricated and characterized; these coatings are intended for applications onto biomedical device surfaces for infection control. In vitro efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and nontoxicity towards preosteoblasts MC3T3 were demonstrated. In vivo evaluations involving a rabbit osteomyelitis model were undertaken as well. Aside from the development of antimicrobial PEMs, additional projects pursued under this thesis, all in the context of PEM-based drug delivery, include [1] demonstration of the sequential release of two species, [2] assessment of the in vitro activity of anticoagulant films, [3] delivery of siRNAs, [4] evaluation of the biocompatibility of poly([beta]- amino esters), [5] incorporation of cyclodextrins for the purpose of small molecule delivery, [6] incorporation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles encapsulating gentamicin, [7] evaluation of film sterilizability via FDA-approved methods, and [8] design and characterization of a multi-drug coating for orthopedic implants for dual antimicrobial and tissue regenerative actions.
Download or read book Attachment of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers to Cells and the Implications on Cell Behavior written by Rosanna Marie Lim and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of targeted drug delivery systems is of fundamental importance for the transport of highly toxic drugs to diseased cells. One way of achieving this is using biohybrid materials, which integrates synthetic components with cells in order to confer unique properties to existing biological systems. An example of this is the cell backpack, which consists of a circular, polymeric patch, microns in diameter and hundreds of nanometers thick, attached to the surface of a cell. Unlike passive delivery systems, cells have the ability to use signaling and trafficking to actively target a disease site. Cells carrying drug-loaded backpacks would thus be able to efficiently carry drugs to unhealthy cells. The cell backpack material itself is a polymeric patch consisting of stratified layers forming nanostructured compartments. In this thesis, the cell backpack is further developed to improve versatility and drug loading. First, a new, sacrificial thin film is developed to detach the cell backpacks from the substrates that they are fabricated on. This sacrificial multilayer, composed of bovine submaxillary mucin and jacalin lectin, is stable in a wide pH and ionic strength range and dissolves using a chemical stimulus. This mucin/lectin releasable region increases versatility by allowing more materials to be incorporated into the cell backpack, such as drug-containing liposomes. Echogenic liposomes containing doxorubicin were embedded into cell backpacks, and the ability of using these cell backpacks as a targeted, anti-cancer therapy was evaluated by studying the effects on mouse monocytes. Finally, thin films containing maleimide groups were developed for the cell backpacks to covalently attach these polymeric patches to cell surfaces. Former cell surface attachment techniques relied on cell-specific receptors, so covalent attachment would allow backpacks to attach to a greater variety of cells. The advancements investigated in this thesis work help to bring cell backpack technology one step closer to becoming a viable, therapeutic product.
Download or read book Biomimetic Polymers written by C.G. Gebelein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term biomimetic is comparatively new on the chemical scene, but the concept has been utilized by chemists for many years. Furthermore, the basic idea of making a synthetic material that can imitate the func tions of natural materials probably could be traced back into antiquity. From the dawn of creation, people have probably attempted to duplicate or modify the activities of the natural world. (One can even find allusions to these attempts in the Bible; e. g. , Genesis 30. ) The term "mimetic" means to imitate or mimic. The word "mimic" means to copy closely, or to imitate accurately. Biomimetic, which has not yet entered most dictionaries, means to imitate or mimic some specific bio logical function. Usually, the objective of biomimetics is to form some useful material without the need of utilizing living systems. In a simi lar manner, the term biomimetic polymers means creating synthetic poly mers which imitate the activity of natural bioactive polymers. This is a major advance in polymer chemistry because the natural bioactive polymers are the basis of life itself. Thus, biomimetic polymers imitate the life process in many ways. This present volume delineates some of the recent progress being made in this vast field of biomimetic polymers. Chemists have been making biomimetic polymers for more than fifty years, although this term wasn't used in the early investigations.
Download or read book Evaluation of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Thin film Coated Microneedle Arrays for Transcutaneous Vaccine Delivery written by Peter Waitak Fung and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The skin is an ideal organ for the safe and convenient delivery of vaccines, small molecules, and other biologics. Members of the Irvine and Hammond groups have developed a polyelectrolyte multilayer thin film-coated microneedle platform that can achieve simultaneous DNA and nanoparticle delivery. This delivery platform has the advantage of direct delivery of DNA or polymer nanoparticles to immune-active cells at the interface between the dermis and epidermis, enhancing uptake of the delivered cargo by resident immune cells. Ideal for the delivery of DNA vaccines, this platform aims to bridge the gap in the lack of efficient delivery platforms hampering the effectiveness of DNA vaccines. The ability to co-deliver polymer nanoparticles can serve as a conduit for delivering immune stimulating adjuvants or other drugs for therapeutic applications. An overview of current vaccine and delivery system research is presented. Market factors for the commercialization of the polyelectrolyte multilayer thin film-coated microneedle delivery platform are considered along with the risk factors in bringing this invention to market. An assessment of the intellectual property surrounding the platform is performed and a preliminary market entry strategy is developed for minimizing the risks commercialization.
