Download or read book Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Solar Cells written by Mowafak Al-Jassim and published by Institution of Engineering and Technology. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells have reached a levelized cost of energy that is competitive with all other sources of electricity. The technology has significantly improved in recent years, with laboratory cell efficiencies for cadmium telluride (CdTe), perovskites, and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) each exceeding 22 percent. Both CdTe and CIGS solar panels are now produced at the gigawatt scale. However, there are ongoing challenges, including the continued need to improve performance and stability while reducing cost. Advancing polycrystalline solar cell technology demands an in-depth understanding of efficiency, scaling, and degradation mechanisms, which requires sophisticated characterization methods. These methods will enable researchers and manufacturers to improve future solar modules and systems.
Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin Film Photovoltaics written by B. Von Roedern and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conclusions of this report are that: (1) many issues how thin-film solar cells work remain unresolved, requiring further fundamental R and D effort; (2) commercial thin-film PV module production reached 29% in 2005 in the US, indicating much more rapid growth than crystalline Si PV; (3) commercial module performance is increasing based on current knowledge, more R and D will lead to further improvement; and (4) stability of thin-film modules is acceptable ({le} 1% per year power loss) if the right manufacturing processes are used for manufacturing.
Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-02 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.
Download or read book Photovoltaic Mechanisms in Polycrystalline Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells written by Bhushan Lal Sopori and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin Film Photovoltaics written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: II-VI binary thin-film solar cells based on cadmium telluride (CdTe) and I-III-VI ternary thin-film solar cells based on copper indium diselenide (CIS) and related materials have been the subject of intense research and development in the past few years. Substantial progress has been made thus far in the area of materials research, device fabrication, and technology development, and numerous applications based on CdTe and CIS have been deployed worldwide. World record efficiency of 16.5% has been achieved by NREL scientists for a thin-film CdTe solar cell using a modified device structure. Also, NREL scientists achieved world-record efficiency of 21.1% for a thin-film CIGS solar cell under a 14X concentration and AM1.5 global spectrum. When measured under a AM1.5 direct spectrum, the efficiency increases to 21.5%. Pathways for achieving 25% efficiency for tandem polycrystalline thin-film solar cells are elucidated. R & D issues relating to CdTe and CIS are reported in this paper, such as contact stability and accelerated life testing in CdTe, and effects of moisture ingress in thin-film CIS devices. Substantial technology development is currently under way, with various groups reporting power module efficiencies in the range of 7.0% to 12.1% and power output of 40.0 to 92.5 W.A number of lessons learned during the scale-up activities of the technology development for fabrication of thin-film power modules are discussed. The major global players actively involved in the technology development and commercialization efforts using both rigid and flexible power modules are highlighted.
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin Film Photovoltaics Research Development and Technologies Preprint written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: II-VI binary thin-film solar cells based on cadmium telluride (CdTe) and I-III-VI ternary thin-film solar cells based on copper indium diselenide (CIS) and related materials have been the subject of intense research and development in the past few years. Substantial progress has been made thus far in the area of materials research, device fabrication, and technology development, and numerousapplications based on CdTe and CIS have been deployed worldwide. World record efficiency of 16.5% has been achieved by NREL scientists for a thin-film CdTe solar cell using a modified device structure. Also, NREL scientists achieved world-record efficiency of 21.1% for a thin-film CIGS solar cell under a 14X concentration and AM1.5 global spectrum. When measured under a AM1.5 direct spectrum,the efficiency increases to 21.5%. Pathways for achieving 25% efficiency for tandem polycrystalline thin-film solar cells are elucidated. R&D issues relating to CdTe and CIS are reported in this paper, such as contact stability and accelerated life testing in CdTe, and effects of moisture ingress in thin-film CIS devices. Substantial technology development is currently under way, with variousgroups reporting power module efficiencies in the range of 7.0% to 12.1% and power output of 40.0 to 92.5 W. A number of lessons learned during the scale-up activities of the technology development for fabrication of thin-film power modules are discussed. The major global players actively involved in the technology development and commercialization efforts using both rigid and flexible powermodules are highlighted.
Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by K. L. Chopra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "You, 0 Sun, are the eye of the world You are the soul of all embodied beings You are the source of all creatures You are the discipline of all engaged in work" - Translated from Mahabharata 3rd Century BC Today, energy is the lifeline and status symbol of "civilized" societies. All nations have therefore embarked upon Research and Development pro grams of varying magnitudes to explore and effectively utilize renewable sources of energy. Albeit a low-grade energy with large temporal and spatial variations, solar energy is abundant, cheap, clean, and renewable, and thus presents a very attractive alternative source. The direct conver sion of solar energy to electricity (photovoltaic effect) via devices called solar cells has already become an established frontier area of science and technology. Born out of necessity for remote area applications, the first commercially manufactured solar cells - single-crystal silicon and thin film CdS/Cu2S - were available well over 20 years ago. Indeed, all space vehicles today are powered by silicon solar cells. But large-scale terrestrial applications of solar cells still await major breakthroughs in terms of discovering new and radical concepts in solar cell device structures, utilizing relatively more abundant, cheap, and even exotic materials, and inventing simpler and less energy intensive fabrication processes. No doubt, this extraordinary challenge in R/D has led to a virtual explosion of activities in the field of photovoltaics in the last several years.
Download or read book Polycrystalline And Amorphous Thin Films And Devices written by Lawrence Kazmerski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline and Amorphous Thin Films and Devices is a compilation of papers that discusses the electronic, optical, and physical properties of thin material layers and films. This compilation reviews the different applications of thin films of various materials used as protective and optical coatings, thermal transfer layers, and selective membranes from submicron- area VLSI memory units to large-area energy conservation devices. Some papers discuss the basic properties, such as growth, structure, electrical, and optical mechanisms that are encountered in amorphous and polycrystalline thin semiconductor films. For example, experiments on electronic structure of dislocations have led to a model for the intrinsic properties of grain boundaries in polycrystalline semiconductor thin films that can have an impact on the designs of high-efficiency, thin-film solar cells. Other papers review the problems encountered in these thin layers in active semiconductor devices and passive technologies. Techniques in film growth and control variables of source, substrate temperature, and substrate properties will determine the successful performance of the devices installed with these thin film layers. This compilation can prove valuable for chemists, materials engineers, industrial technologists, and researchers in thin-film technology.
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin film Photovoltaics written by Bolko G. Von Roedern and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin film Solar Cell Technologies written by Harin S. Ullal and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we report on the significant progress made worldwide by polycrystalline thin-film solar cells, namely, cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS). Polycrystalline thin-film PV technology status is also discussed. In addition, R & D and technology challenges in both areas are elucidated in this paper. The worldwide estimated projection for thin-film PV technology production capacity (including a-Si/thin Si) was estimated at 3700 MW in 2006 is now estimated at more than 8000 MW by 2010.
Download or read book U S Polycrystalline Thin Film Solar Cells Program written by Harin S. Ullal and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Polycrystalline Thin Film Solar Cells Program, part of the United States National Photovoltaic Program, performs R & D on copper indium diselenide and cadmium telluride thin films. The objective of the Program is to support research to develop cells and modules that meet the U.S. Department 2of Energy's long-term goals by achieving high efficiencies (15% - 20%), low-cost ($501m), and long-time reliability (30 years). The importance of work in this area is due to the fact that the polycrystalline thin-film CulnSe2 and CdTe solar cells and modules have made rapid advances. They have become the leading thin films for PV in terms of efficiency and stability. The U.S. Department of Energy has increased its funding through an initiative through the Solar Energy Research Institute in CulnSe2 and CdTe with subcontracts to start in Spring 1990.
Download or read book US Polycrystalline Thin Film Solar Cells Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Polycrystalline Thin Film Solar Cells Program, part of the United States National Photovoltaic Program, performs R D on copper indium diselenide and cadmium telluride thin films. The objective of the Program is to support research to develop cells and modules that meet the US Department of Energy's long-term goals by achieving high efficiencies (15%-20%), low-cost ($50/m2), and long-time reliability (30 years). The importance of work in this area is due to the fact that the polycrystalline thin-film CuInSe2 and CdTe solar cells and modules have made rapid advances. They have become the leading thin films for PV in terms of efficiency and stability. The US Department of Energy has increased its funding through an initiative through the Solar Energy Research Institute in CuInSe2 and CdTe with subcontracts to start in Spring 1990. 23 refs., 5 figs.
Download or read book Focus on Polycrystalline Thin Film Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin Film Photovoltaics written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review the status of commercial polycrystalline thin-film solar cells and photovoltaic (PV) modules, including current and projected commercialization activities.
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin film Solar Cells and Modules written by Harin S. Ullal and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the recent technological advances in polycrystalline thin-film solar cells and modules. Three thin film materials, namely, cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium diselenide (CulnSe2, CIS) and silicon films (Si-fllms) have made substantial technical progress, both in device and module performance. Early stability results for modules tested outdoors by various groups worldwide are also encouraging. The major global players actively involved in the development of these technologies are discussed. Technical issues related to these materials are elucidated. Three 20-kW polycrystalline thin-film demonstration photovoltaic (PV) systems are expected to be installed in Davis, CA in 1992 as part of the Photovoltaics for Utility-Scale Applications (PVUSA) project. This is a joint project between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Pacific Gas and Electric (PG & E), Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), California Energy Commission (CEC), and a utility consortium.
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin film Photovoltaic Technologies written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
