Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin film Module and System Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Module and System Performance and Engineering Project at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducts in-situ technical evaluations of photovoltaic (PV) modules and systems (arrays). These evaluations on module/array performance and stability are conducted at the NREL Photovoltaic Outdoor Test Facility (OTF) in Golden, CO (See Figure 1). The modules and arrays are located at 39.7 degrees N latitude, 105.2 degrees W longitude, and at 1,782 meters elevation. Currently, two polycrystalline thin-film technologies are the focus of the research presented here. The module structures are copper indium diselenide (CIS) from Siemens Solar Industries and cadmium telluride (CdTe) from Solar Cells, Inc. The research team is attempting to correlate individual module performance with array performance for these two polycrystalline thin-film technologies. This is done by looking at module and array performance over time. Also, temperature coefficients are determined at both the module and array level.
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin film Module and System Performance written by Troy R. Strand and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Module and System Performance and Engineering Project at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducts in-situ technical evaluations of photovoltaic (PV) modules and systems (arrays). These evaluations on module/array performance and stability are conducted at the NREL Photovoltaic Outdoor Test Facility (OTF) in Golden, CO (See Figure 1). The modules and arrays are located at 39.7 degrees N latitude, 105.2 degrees W longitude, and at 1,782 meters elevation. Currently, two polycrystalline thin-film technologies are the focus of the research presented here. The module structures are copper indium diselenide (CIS) from Siemens Solar Industries and cadmium telluride (CdTe) from Solar Cells, Inc. The research team is attempting to correlate individual module performance with array performance for these two polycrystalline thin-film technologies. This is done by looking at module and array performance over time. Also, temperature coefficients are determined at both the module and array level.
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin film Solar Cells and Modules written by Harin S. Ullal and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the recent technological advances in polycrystalline thin-film solar cells and modules. Three thin film materials, namely, cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium diselenide (CulnSe2, CIS) and silicon films (Si-fllms) have made substantial technical progress, both in device and module performance. Early stability results for modules tested outdoors by various groups worldwide are also encouraging. The major global players actively involved in the development of these technologies are discussed. Technical issues related to these materials are elucidated. Three 20-kW polycrystalline thin-film demonstration photovoltaic (PV) systems are expected to be installed in Davis, CA in 1992 as part of the Photovoltaics for Utility-Scale Applications (PVUSA) project. This is a joint project between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Pacific Gas and Electric (PG & E), Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), California Energy Commission (CEC), and a utility consortium.
Download or read book Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Solar Cells written by Mowafak Al-Jassim and published by Institution of Engineering and Technology. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells have reached a levelized cost of energy that is competitive with all other sources of electricity. The technology has significantly improved in recent years, with laboratory cell efficiencies for cadmium telluride (CdTe), perovskites, and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) each exceeding 22 percent. Both CdTe and CIGS solar panels are now produced at the gigawatt scale. However, there are ongoing challenges, including the continued need to improve performance and stability while reducing cost. Advancing polycrystalline solar cell technology demands an in-depth understanding of efficiency, scaling, and degradation mechanisms, which requires sophisticated characterization methods. These methods will enable researchers and manufacturers to improve future solar modules and systems.
Download or read book Role of Polycrystalline Thin film PV Technologies for Achieving Mid term Market competitive PV Modules written by Bolko G. Von Roedern and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the current commercial status of CuInSe2 alloys (collectively, CIS) and CdTe-based photovoltaic (PV) modules, comparing the performance of commercial products with the results achieved for solar cell and prototype module champions. We provide an update for these PV cell and module technologies, and also compare CIS and CdTe performance levels to the results achieved by the crystalline Si PV industry. This comparison shows that CIS and CdTe module technology presently offers the best (and perhaps only) approach for significantly exceeding the cost/performance levels established by crystalline Si PV technologies. A semi-empirical methodology is used for comparing ''champion'' solar cell and prototype module data with performance achieved on manufacturing lines. Using a conservative assumption that thin-film technologies will eliminate the 40% of PV module costs arising from the Si wafer or ribbon, we estimate the future performance of all established PV module candidates, and conclude that, based on 2004 knowledge about each PV technology, CIS and CdTe should provide cost-competitive advantages over crystalline Si.
Download or read book Solar Panel Processing written by Robert N. Castellano and published by Archives contemporaines. This book was released on 2010 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar Panel Processing discusses solar cell technology including theory of operation, efficiency, materials, research on silicon processing, thin-film processing, polymer processing, nanoparticle processing, and transparent conductors. The hand book presents detailed descriptions of thin film processing of amorphous silicon, CdTe, CIGS, and GaAs panels. The handbook details Key Growth Drivers us solar panel usage, Challenges Facing The Solar Power Industry , Cost Of A Photovoltaic System, and Operating Metrics 0f A Photovoltaic Systems Increasing focus on the demand for energy led to conduct this study, which determines the current status of thin films used in various kinds of energy. Our goal was to assess the value of thin films used in the fabrication of six energy technologies for 2007, project 2008 demand, and then forecast thin film demand growth to 2013. This study focuses on the merits of thin films and main key objective was to present a comprehensive analysis of the current market for thin films and its future direction. Global demand for traditional fossil fuels has risen at an unprecedented rate over the lest several years. The economics of supply and demand have driven prices of oil, gas, and coal to record levels. In addition, fossil fuels are considered a source of pollution that aids climate change. Nations have responded by instituting reductions in activities that require the use of fossil fuels and by searching for alternative energy methods. This handbook examines traditional crystalline and thin film photovoltaic fabrication and operation. Thin films are often applied to reduce the cost of product fabrication, improve performance, and provide more flexibility in product design. In addition, they are environmentally benign. The Solar Panel Processing Handbook study of thin films in energy presents current and emerging technologies for various types of solar cells, detaisl the industry structure of each segment, discusses the competitive environment of each type of energy, and reviews current and future applications for thin films. Handbook study will be of interest to those who make solar cells, semiconductors and their manufacturing equipment, thin films, materials, chemicals and gases.
Download or read book Role of Polycrystalline Thin film PV Technologies for Achieving Mid term Market competitive PV Modules written by Bolko G. Von Roedern and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the current commercial status of CuInSe2 alloys (collectively, CIS) and CdTe-based photovoltaic (PV) modules, comparing the performance of commercial products with the results achieved for solar cell and prototype module champions. We provide an update for these PV cell and module technologies, and also compare CIS and CdTe performance levels to the results achieved by the crystalline Si PV industry. This comparison shows that CIS and CdTe module technology presently offers the best (and perhaps only) approach for significantly exceeding the cost/performance levels established by crystalline Si PV technologies. A semi-empirical methodology is used for comparing ''champion'' solar cell and prototype module data with performance achieved on manufacturing lines. Using a conservative assumption that thin-film technologies will eliminate the 40% of PV module costs arising from the Si wafer or ribbon, we estimate the future performance of all established PV module candidates, and conclude that, based on 2004 knowledge about each PV technology, CIS and CdTe should provide cost-competitive advantages over crystalline Si.
Download or read book Current Status of Polycrystalline Thin film Pv Technologies written by Harin S. Ullal and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Polycrystalline Thin film PV Technologies in Competitive PV Module Markets written by Bolko G. Von Roedern and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the developments in thin-film PV technologies. It provides an outlook on future commercial module efficiencies achievable based on today's knowledge about champion cell performance. It also provides a relative cost comparison of thin-film and wafer/ribbon based Si PV modules. In 2007, about 65% of the modules produced in the US were thin-film modules when amorphous silicon modules are also considered.
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin Film Photovoltaics written by B. Von Roedern and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conclusions of this report are that: (1) many issues how thin-film solar cells work remain unresolved, requiring further fundamental R and D effort; (2) commercial thin-film PV module production reached 29% in 2005 in the US, indicating much more rapid growth than crystalline Si PV; (3) commercial module performance is increasing based on current knowledge, more R and D will lead to further improvement; and (4) stability of thin-film modules is acceptable ({le} 1% per year power loss) if the right manufacturing processes are used for manufacturing.
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin film Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline thin films have made significant technical progress in the past year. Three of these materials that have been studied extensively for photovoltaic (PV) power applications are copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and thin-film polycrystalline silicon (x-Si) deposited on ceramic substrates. The first of these materials, polycrystalline thin-film CuInSe2, has made some rapid advances in terms of high efficiency and long-term reliability. For CuInSe2 power modules, a world record has been reported on a 0.4-m2 module with an aperture-area efficiency of 10.4% and a power output of 40.4 W. Additionally, outdoor reliability testing of CuInSe2 modules, under both loaded and open-circuit conditions, has resulted in only minor changes in module performance after more than 1000 days of continuous exposure to natural sunlight. CdTe module research has also resulted in several recent improvements. Module performance has been increased with device areas reaching nearly 900 cm2. Deposition has been demonstrated by several different techniques, including electrodeposition, spraying, and screen printing. Outdoor reliability testing of CdTe modules was also carried out under both loaded and open-circuit conditions, with more than 600 days of continuous exposure to natural sunlight. These tests were also encouraging and indicated that the modules were stable within measurement error. The highest reported aperture-area module efficiency for CdTe modules is 10%; the semiconductor material was deposited by electrodeposition. A thin-film CdTe photovoltaic system with a power output of 54 W has been deployed in Saudi Arabia for water pumping. The Module Development Initiative has made significant progress in support of the Polycrystalline Thin-Film Program in the past year, and results are presented in this paper.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photovoltaic Mechanisms in Polycrystalline Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells written by Bhushan Lal Sopori and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Performance of Photovoltaic PV Systems written by Nicola Pearsall and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-10-15 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Performance of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems: Modelling, Measurement and Assessment explores the system lifetime of a PV system and the energy output of the system over that lifetime. The book concentrates on the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the performance of PV systems, allowing the reader to obtain a thorough understanding of the performance issues and progress that has been made in optimizing system performance. - Provides unique insights into the performance of photovoltaic systems - Includes comprehensive and systematic coverage of a fascinating area in energy - Written by an expert team of authors and a respected editor
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin Film Photovoltaics Research Development and Technologies Preprint written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: II-VI binary thin-film solar cells based on cadmium telluride (CdTe) and I-III-VI ternary thin-film solar cells based on copper indium diselenide (CIS) and related materials have been the subject of intense research and development in the past few years. Substantial progress has been made thus far in the area of materials research, device fabrication, and technology development, and numerousapplications based on CdTe and CIS have been deployed worldwide. World record efficiency of 16.5% has been achieved by NREL scientists for a thin-film CdTe solar cell using a modified device structure. Also, NREL scientists achieved world-record efficiency of 21.1% for a thin-film CIGS solar cell under a 14X concentration and AM1.5 global spectrum. When measured under a AM1.5 direct spectrum,the efficiency increases to 21.5%. Pathways for achieving 25% efficiency for tandem polycrystalline thin-film solar cells are elucidated. R&D issues relating to CdTe and CIS are reported in this paper, such as contact stability and accelerated life testing in CdTe, and effects of moisture ingress in thin-film CIS devices. Substantial technology development is currently under way, with variousgroups reporting power module efficiencies in the range of 7.0% to 12.1% and power output of 40.0 to 92.5 W. A number of lessons learned during the scale-up activities of the technology development for fabrication of thin-film power modules are discussed. The major global players actively involved in the technology development and commercialization efforts using both rigid and flexible powermodules are highlighted.
Download or read book Status of High Performance PV written by Martha Symko-Davies and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The High-Performance Photovoltaic (HiPerf PV) Project was initiated by the U.S. Department of Energy to substantially increase the viability of photovoltaics (PV) for cost-competitive applications so that PV can contribute significantly to our energy supply and our environment. The HiPerf PV Project aims at exploring the ultimate performance limits of existing PV technologies, approximately doubling their sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiencies during its course. This work includes bringing thin-film cells and modules toward 25% and 20% efficiencies, respectively, and developing multijunction concentrator cells and modules able to convert more than one-third of the sun's energy to electricity (i.e., 33% efficiency). This paper will address recent accomplishments of the NREL in-house research effort involving polycrystalline thin-film tandems, as well as the research efforts under way in the subcontracted area."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Role of Polycrystalline Thin Film PV Technologies in Competitive PV Module Markets written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the developments in thin-film PV technologies and provides an outlook on future commercial module efficiencies achievable based on today's knowledge about champion cell performance.
