Download or read book Polybutadiene Production via Solution Process Cost Analysis BR E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Polybutadiene production starting from n-butane. The process examined is similar to CB&I Lummus Catadiene process, integrated with a typical solution process. The main chemical reactions in this process are the dehydrogenation of n-butane, the extractive distillation of the Butadiene from dehydrogenation product and the polymerization of butadiene to Polybutadiene. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Butadiene," Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition (2) "Rubber, 3. Synthetic", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition (2) US Patent 20130172489, issued to LANXESS in 2013 Keywords: Houdry Catadiene, Sud-Chemie, Catalytic Dehydrogenation, BD, Fixed-Bed Reactor, BASF, NMP extraction, Polymerization, High-Cis Polybutadiene, NdBR, NiBR, BD
Download or read book Polybutadiene Production via Solution Process Cost Analysis BR E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Polybutadiene production from butadiene. The process examined is a typical solution process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Rubber, 3. Synthetic", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition (2) US Patent 20130172489, issued to LANXESS in 2013 Keywords: Polymerization, High-Cis Polybutadiene, NdBR, NiBR, BD
Download or read book Butadiene Production from Butenes Cost Analysis Butadiene E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-05-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of 1,3-Butadiene (BD) production from mixed butenes using an oxidative dehydrogenation process. The process examined is similar to TPC/UOP Oxo-D process. In this process, butenes are catalytically dehydrogenated to produce a crude butadiene stream which is further purified to the final Butadiene product. In the purification step, raffinate is obtained as by-product. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Butadiene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Petrotex, Oxidative Dehydrogenation, BD, Fixed-Bed Reactor, BASF, NMP extraction
Download or read book HDPE Production via Gas Phase Process Cost Analysis HDPE E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) bimodal production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-hexene using a gas-phase process. The process examined is similar to LyondellBasell Spherilene process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) LyondellBasell, "Licensed Polyolefin Technologies and Services - Spherilene" (2) "Polyethylene," Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2011 Keywords: Ethene, Bimodal, Fluidized Bed
Download or read book LLDPE Production via Slurry Process Cost Analysis LLDPE E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-hexene. The process described is a slurry loop reactor process, similar to Chevron Phillips MarTECH and INEOS Innovene S. In this study, it is considered a single loop polymerization reactor for production of LLDPE. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 20120282144, issued to Chevron in 2012 (2) US Patent 7629421, issued to Chevron in 2009 Keywords: Ethene, PE, Isobutane, Slurry Reactor, Loop Reactor
Download or read book Clay Polymer Nanocomposites written by Khouloud Jlassi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites is a complete summary of the existing knowledge on this topic, from the basic concepts of synthesis and design to their applications in timely topics such as high-performance composites, environment, and energy issues. This book covers many aspects of synthesis such as in- situ polymerization within the interlamellar spacing of the clays or by reaction of pristine or pre-modified clays with reactive polymers and prepolymers. Indeed, nanocomposites can be prepared at industrial scale by melt mixing. Regardless the synthesis method, much is said in this book about the importance of theclay pre-modification step, which is demonstrated to be effective, on many occasions, in obtaining exfoliated nanocomposites. Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites reports the background to numerous characterization methods including solid state NMR, neutron scattering, diffraction and vibrational techniques as well as surface analytical methods, namely XPS, inverse gas chromatography and nitrogen adsorption to probe surface composition, wetting and textural/structural properties. Although not described in dedicated chapters, numerous X-ray diffraction patterns of clay–polymer nanocomposites and reference materials are displayed to account for the effects of intercalation and exfoliations of layered aluminosilicates. Finally, multiscale molecular simulation protocols are presenting for predicting morphologies and properties of nanostructured polymer systems with industrial relevance. As far as applications are concerned, Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites examines structural composites such as clay–epoxy and clay–biopolymers, the use of clay–polymer nanocomposites as reactive nanocomposite fillers, catalytic clay-(conductive) polymers and similar nanocomposites for the uptake of hazardous compounds or for controlled drug release, antibacterial applications, energy storage, and more. The most comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in clay–polymer nanocomposites, from synthesis and design to opportunities and applications Covers the various methods of characterization of clay–polymer nanocomposites - including spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and X-ray diffraction Includes a discussion of a range of application areas, including biomedicine, energy storage, biofouling resistance, and more
Download or read book Vehicle Dynamics written by Reza N. Jazar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is appropriate for senior undergraduate and first year graduate students in mechanical and automotive engineering. The contents in this book are presented at a theoretical-practical level. It explains vehicle dynamics concepts in detail, concentrating on their practical use. Related theorems and formal proofs are provided, as are real-life applications. Students, researchers and practicing engineers alike will appreciate the user-friendly presentation of a wealth of topics, most notably steering, handling, ride, and related components. This book also: Illustrates all key concepts with examples Includes exercises for each chapter Covers front, rear, and four wheel steering systems, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different steering schemes Includes an emphasis on design throughout the text, which provides a practical, hands-on approach
Download or read book Polymer Physics written by U.W. Gedde and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of my teaching efforts during the last ten years at the Royal Institute of Technology. The purpose is to present the subject of polymer physics for undergraduate and graduate students, to focus the fundamental aspects of the subject and to show the link between experiments and theory. The intention is not to present a compilation of the currently available literature on the subject. Very few reference citations have thus been made. Each chapter has essentially the same structure: starling with an introduction, continuing with the actual subject, summarizing the chapter in 30D-500 words, and finally presenting problems and a list of relevant references for the reader. The solutions to the problems presented in Chapters 1-12 are given in Chapter 13. The theme of the book is essentially polymer science, with the exclusion of that part dealing directly with chemical reactions. The fundamentals in polymer science, including some basic polymer chemistry, are presented as an introduction in the first chapter. The next eight chapters deal with different phenomena (processes) and states of polymers. The last three chapters were written with the intention of making the reader think practically about polymer physics. How can a certain type of problem be solved? What kinds of experiment should be conducted? This book would never have been written without the help of my friend and adviser, Dr Anthony Bristow, who has spent many hours reading through the manuscript. criticizing the content.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering written by Karl-Heinrich Grote and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-13 with total page 1588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This resource covers all areas of interest for the practicing engineer as well as for the student at various levels and educational institutions. It features the work of authors from all over the world who have contributed their expertise and support the globally working engineer in finding a solution for today‘s mechanical engineering problems. Each subject is discussed in detail and supported by numerous figures and tables.
Download or read book Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents written by Evgeny N. Vulfson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymatic catalysis has gained considerable attention in recent years as an efficient tool in the preparation of natural products, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and food ingredients. The high selectivity and mild reaction con- tions associated with enzymatic transformations have made this approach an attractive alternative in the synthesis of complex bioactive compounds, which are often difficult to obtain by standard chemical routes. However, the maj- ity of organic compounds are not very soluble in water, which was traditi- ally perceived as the only suitable reaction medium for the application of biocatalysts. The realization that most enzymes can function perfectly well under nearly anhydrous conditions and, in addition, display a number of useful properties, e. g. , highly enhanced stability and different selectivity, has d- matically widened the scope of their application to the organic synthesis. Another great attraction of using organic solvents rather than water as a reaction solvent is the ability to perform synthetic transformations with re- tively inexpensive hydrolytic enzymes. It is worth reminding the reader that in vivo, the synthetic and hydrolytic pathways are catalyzed by different enzymes. However, elimination of water from the reaction mixture enables the “reversal” of hydrolytic enzymes and thus avoids the use of the expensive cofactors or activated substrates that are required for their synthetic count- parts.
Download or read book Polylactic Acid written by Lee Tin Sin and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polylactic Acid: A Practical Guide for the Processing, Manufacturing, and Applications of PLA, Second Edition, provides a practical guide for engineers and scientists working in PLA and on the development of emerging new products. The current market situation for PLA and biodegradable polymers is described, along with applications across a range of market sectors. In addition, the mechanical, chemical, thermal, rheology and degradation properties are included. Updates include new chapters covering various processing methods, as well as recycling methods, and additives and processing aids. New applications cover a range of products (including 3D Printing), and an environmental assessment, including regulatory aspects. The book is not only a useful introduction to this topic, but also a practical, readily applicable reference book that will support decision-making in the plastics industry. Presents an essential reference for engineers, scientists and product designers considering switching to a sustainable plastic Covers the properties, synthesis and polymerization of PLA, along with processing techniques involved in fabricating parts from this polymer Includes critical new chapters on processing, additives, recycling and environmental considerations relating to PLA
Download or read book Engineering Ceramics written by M. Bengisu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A handy reference for technicians who want to understand the nature, properties and applications, of engineering ceramics. The book meets the needs of those working in the ceramics industry, as well as of technicians and engineers involved in the application of ceramic materials.
Download or read book Designing with Plastics and Composites A Handbook written by Donald Rosato and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For some time there has been a strong need in the plastic and related industries for a detailed, practical book on designing with plastics and composites (reinforced plastics). This one-source book meets this criterion by clearly explaining all aspects of designing with plastics, as can be seen from the Table of Contents and Index. It provides information on what is ahead as well as today's technology. It explains how to interrelate the process of meeting design performance requirements with that of selecting the proper plastic and manufacturing process to make a product at the lowest cost. This book has been prepared with an awareness that its usefulness will depend greatly upon its simplicity. The overall guiding premise has therefore been to provide all essential information. Each chapter is organized to best present a methodology for designing with plastics and composites. of industrial designers, whether in engineering This book will prove useful to all types or involved in products, molds, dies or equipment, and to people in new-product ventures, research and development, marketing, purchasing, and management who are involved with such different products as appliances, the building industry, autos, boats, electronics, furniture, medical, recreation, space vehicles, and others. In this handbook the basic essentials of the properties and processing behaviors of plastics are presented in a single source intended to be one the user will want to keep within easy reach.
Download or read book Piping Materials Guide written by Peter Smith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-01-20 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only book of its kind on the market, this book is the companion to our Valve Selection Handbook, by the same author. Together, these two books form the most comprehensive work on piping and valves ever written for the process industries. This book covers the entire piping process, including the selection of piping materials according to the job, the application of the materials and fitting, trouble-shooting techniques for corrosion control, inspections for OSHA regulations, and even the warehousing, distributing, and ordering of materials. There are books on materials, fitting, OSHA regulations, and so on, but this is the only "one stop shopping" source for the piping engineer on piping materials. - Provides a "one stop shopping" source for the piping engineer on piping materials- Covers the entire piping process. - Designed as an easy-to-access guide
Download or read book Understanding Materials Science written by Rolf E. Hummel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-11 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introduction for engineers examines not only the physical properties of materials, but also their history, uses, development, and some of the implications of resource depletion and materials substitutions.
Download or read book Combustion and Incineration Processes written by Walter R. Niessen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-02-28 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering each aspect of an incineration facility, from contaminant receipt and storage to stack discharge and dispersion, this reference explores the operation and evaluation of incineration systems for hazardous and non-hazardous gaseous, liquid, sludge, and solid wastes. Highlighting breakthroughs in air pollution control, the book discusses advances in materials handling, waste processing, refractory and materials engineering, combustion technology, and energy recovery to reduce and control toxins and pollutants in the environment. It includes a disk containing spreadsheets for practical analyses of waste characteristics and combustion systems.
Download or read book Science of Microscopy written by P.W. Hawkes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-29 with total page 1336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully corrected second impression of the classic 2006 text on microscopy runs to more than 1,000 pages and covers up-to-the-minute developments in the field. The two-volume work brings together a slew of experts who present comprehensive reviews of all the latest instruments and new versions of the older ones, as well as their associated operational techniques. The chapters draw attention to their principal areas of application. A huge range of subjects are benefiting from these new tools, including semiconductor physics, medicine, molecular biology, the nanoworld in general, magnetism, and ferroelectricity. This fascinating book will be an indispensable guide for a wide range of scientists in university laboratories as well as engineers and scientists in industrial R&D departments.
