Download or read book Pollution Charges Community Pressure and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community pressure may be as strong an incentive for industrial firms to control pollution in China as pollution levies are.
Download or read book Pollution Charges Community Pressure and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China written by Hua Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community pressure may be as strong an incentive for industrial firms to control pollution in China as pollution levies are.Wang evaluates the strength of the effect that community pressure and pollution charges have on industrial pollution control in China and estimates the marginal cost of pollution abatement. He examines a well-documented set of plant-level data, combined with community-level data, to assess the impact of pollution charges and community pressure on industrial behavior in China.He constructs and estimates an industrial organic water pollution discharge model for plants that violate standards for pollution discharge, pay pollution charges, and are constantly under community pressure to further abate pollution.He creates a model and estimates implicit prices for pollution discharges from community pressure, which are determined jointly by the explicit price, the pollution levy. He finds that the implicit discharge price is at least as high as the explicit price. In other words, community pressure not only exists but may be as strong an incentive as the pollution charge is for industrial firms to control pollution in China. Wang`s modeling approach also provides a way to estimate the marginal cost of pollution abatement. The empirical results show that the current marginal cost of abatement is about twice the effective charge rate in China.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study environmental regulation in developing countries. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book How the Chinese System of Charges and Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts by China s Top Industrial Polluters written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's unique combination of emissions charges and pollution abatement subsidies has given China's most heavily polluting industrial firms incentive to invest in pollution abatement.
Download or read book Surviving Success written by Susmita Dasgupta and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How the Chinese System of Charges and Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts by China s Top Industrial Polluters written by Hua Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's unique combination of emissions charges and pollution abatement subsidies has given China's most heavily polluting industrial firms incentive to invest in pollution abatement.There have been extensive theoretical studies of firms' responses to environmental regulations and enforcement but few empirical analyses of firms expenditures on pollution abatement in response to different regulations and enforcement strategies.Wang and Chen empirically analyze the pollution abatement efforts of Chinese industrial firms under a system combining pollution charges and abatement subsidies.Using data on China's top industrial polluters and on regional development in China, they find that the combination of charges and subsidies used in China has provided effective incentives for the most heavily polluting industrial firms to abate pollution.Chinese industries operate under a unique pollution control system, a market-based instrument combining emissions charges and abatement subsidies. This combination of charges and subsidies has given firms incentive to invest in wastewater treatment facilities. The pollution levy, although low, has significantly improved investments in abatement.Wang and Chen found that the more pollution a firm generates, the more likely it is to invest in pollution abatement.This study was only of top polluters, which are closely monitored by environmental agencies, so the results may not be valid for other sources of industrial pollution.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to identify appropriate policies for environmental regulation in developing countries. Hua Wang may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book Endogenous Enforcement and Effectiveness of China s Pollution Levy System written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How well air and water pollution regulation is implemented depends very much on both the level of economic development and the actual environmental quality. Pollution pricing is closer to the dictates of environmental economics than China's formal regulatory statutes would suggest, and there is considerable scope for using economic instruments to reduce China's industrial pollution problems.
Download or read book Industrial Ownership and Environmental Performance written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors explore the differences in pollution control performance of industries with different types of ownership in China-state-owned (SOE), collectively- or community-owned (COE), privately owned (POE), companies with foreign direct investment (FDI), and joint ventures. About 1,000 industrial firms in three provinces of China were surveyed, and detailed 1999 firm-level information was obtained. The authors analyzed the differences between firms in receiving and reacting to environmental regulatory enforcement, community pressure, environmental services, as well as in the firm's internal environmental management among the different types of ownership. The authors also conducted econometric analyses on the determinants of pollution discharge performance. The results show that foreign direct investment and collectively-owned enterprises have better environmental performances in terms of water pollution discharge intensity, while state-owned enterprises and privately owned enterprises in China are the worst performers. The results also suggest that collectively-owned enterprises in China do internalize environmental externalities.
Download or read book Surviving Success written by Susmita Dasgupta and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, Dasgupta, Wang and Wheeler analyze China's industrial pollution problem and the possibilities for significant improvement through policy reform. Their assessment is based on a large-scale econometric exercise, with data provided by China's National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA). They focus particularly on two major determinants of changes in the pollution intensity (or pollution per unit of output) of industry: General economic reforms, and China's pollution charge system. Using their econometric equations for forecasting, they develop three future pollution scenarios under varying assumptions about policies during the next two decades: (1) Continuation of the economic reforms with no further tightening of regulation: They find that organic water pollution will stabilize in many areas, and actually decline in some. Emissions of airborne particulates and sulfur dioxide will continue growing, but at a much slower pace than industrial output. However, most of China's waterways will remain heavily polluted and hundreds of thousands of urban residents will continue to die or suffer serious respiratory damage from air pollution. (2) Continued reforms, plus 5% annual increases in pollution charges (maintaining the trend for water pollution charges since 1987): Organic water pollution will decline sharply enough to restore the health of many waterways; air pollution will stabilize or decline in most cities, saving many thousands of lives. (3) Continued reforms, plus 10% annual increases in pollution charges: This option will eliminate most of the organic water pollution from regulated Chinese factories, and induce major improvements in urban air quality. During the next two decades, Beijing and Chongqing alone will have about 40,000 fewer deaths from air pollution if this option is chosen instead of the pure economic reform strategy. Dasgupta, Wang and Wheeler conclude the paper with a detailed analysis of the benefits and costs of tighter air pollution control. For a representative Chinese city, Zhengzhou, they find that the optimum charge rate for sulfur dioxide emissions is around $90/ton -- fifty times greater than the current rate. Their analysis also suggests that air pollution control is a very cost-effective lifesaving option, yielding a social rate of return in excess of 3,000% for further abatement in large cities. At the current level of pollution control, they find that continued regulatory inaction amounts to valuing a Chinese worker's life at less than $US 500, a figure which is tragically low by any standard.
Download or read book Pricing Industrial Pollution in China written by Hua Wang and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technology Natural Resources and Economic Growth written by Shunsuke Managi and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a combination of global data analysis and focused country level analysis, this timely book provides answers to the most pertinent country and industry specific questions defining the current relationship between technology, natural resources and economic growth. Technology, Natural Resources and Economic Growth will provide a valuable resource for a wide readership including postgraduate students, researchers, academics and policy makers working in the fields of environmental and ecological economics.
Download or read book Chinese Environmental Governance written by Bingqiang Ren and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this edited volume, leading environmental policy experts from China, USA, and Europe provide a contemporary view of Chinese environmental policy, analyzing current discussions among various actors and agencies. The book covers a wide range of topics including the gap between national policy goals and their local implementation, cultural and social factors shaping political behavior, legal and political systems affecting environmental policy creation and execution, new societal forces participating in environmental policymaking and governance, and local state strategies tasked with navigating a mix of political, legal, and societal forces. Featuring in-depth, empirically-grounded analyses with interdisciplinary approaches, the book is ideal reading for scholars interested in the complex nature of balancing Chinese environmental sustainability and economic growth.
Download or read book Development of Environmental Policy in Japan and Asian Countries written by T. Terao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-13 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By examining the issues of environmental policy formation and implementation linked to economic development, and reviewing the Japanese experiences and the examples of other Asian countries, this book reveals factors of dynamism between environmental policy and social change in a domestic, regional and global context.
Download or read book Performance of Public and Private Mining Firms in India written by Amarendra Das and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-02 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines three important research questions against the backdrop of increasing private sector participation in the Indian mining industry. The questions are: i) are private sector mining firms more productive than public sector mining firms? ii) do public sector mining firms comply with environmental regulations better than their private counterparts? and iii) do public sector mining firms perform better in social compliance than the private mining firms? Using firm level data from 1988–89 to 2005–06, the author finds that Total Factor Productivity (TFP) levels of private mining firms are significantly higher than those of public sector firms in three sectors – metallic, non-metallic and coal. In the petroleum sector, private sector firms outperformed the public sector firms in the initial years, while later on, the productivity of public sector firms exceeded that of private firms in a few years. The book examines the environmental performance of public and private mining firms in the context of Indian chromite mining industry using four indicators: namely, overburden management, air pollution, the quality of mine drainage water after treatment, and the quality of ground water. The author constructs a multidimensional environmental defiance index for comparing the aggregate environmental performance across ownership groups and does not find significant differences between the environmental performance of public and private mining firms. Both public and private mining firms have failed to comply with the environmental regulations. The author compares the social compliance of public- and private-sector mining firms by conducting a survey of households who have surrendered their land to the mining firms. It is found that the majority of households were dissatisfied with the compensation paid by both public and private sector mining firms. Furthermore, it is observed that there is no significant difference between the compensations provided by the public and private sector mining firms.
Download or read book Community driven Regulation written by Dara O'Rourke and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Case studies of community action in Vietnam form the basis for a new policy model for pollution control in developing countries.
Download or read book Weber and the Persistence of Religion written by Joseph W. H. Lough and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-05-07 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an increasing interest in religion and belief and the diverse forms these take in the contemporary world. This timely book provides a unique analysis of these issues through a discussion of the work of Marx and Weber. Taking Max Weber’s interpretations of capitalism and religion as its point of departure, Weber and the Persistence of Religion re-examines a wide range of classical and contemporary texts, including Immanuel Kant, Foucault and Jean Baudrillard, to help explain the peculiar character of religion and spirituality in mature capitalist societies. This book shows how the peculiar disembodied character of contemporary spirituality and religion, along with the disenchanted character of public life, may be formally related to the increasingly disembodied, immaterial character of value in capitalist societies. It will be of interest to students and scholars of Social Theory, History, the Sociology of Religion and Philosophy.
Download or read book Environmental Policy and Time Consistency written by Peter William Kennedy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As instruments for controlling pollution, how do emissions taxes and emissions trading compare in terms of the incentives they create to adopt cleaner technologies? Emissions taxes may have a slight advantage over emissions trading.
Download or read book Taxing Issues with Privatization A Checklist written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
