Download or read book Pollinator mediated Gene Flow in and Among Fields of Alfalfa Produced for Seed written by Natalie Kira Boyle and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We evaluated the impact of migratory beekeeping practices on transgenic pollen flow between spatially isolated alfalfa fields by permitting honey bees, Apis mellifera, to openly forage upon transgenic alfalfa blossoms, and transporting them 112 km to forage on caged conventional alfalfa following either 8 or 32 hours of isolation from the transgenic source. Cross-pollination between transgenic and conventional alfalfa was nearly eliminated (0.00008%) following eight hours of isolation from the transgenic source.
Download or read book Gene Flow in Alfalfa written by Allen Emile Van Deynze and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Although there have been instances in which low-level presence of regulated materials has resulted in market disruptions (e.g., Starlink corn, LL601 and LL604 rice), there is no evidence of significant market disruption associated with the commercialization of deregulated biotech traits in the United States. Concurrent with increased U.S. farmer adoption of biotech traits in corn, soybean, and cotton there have been increases in U.S. grain/fiber export (USDA-FAS 2007) and organic production (USDA-NASS 2007a, b, c). Although only 3 to 5% of the U.S. alfalfa hay production is sold to GE-sensitive markets (Putnam 2006), production for these markets has significant economic importance in specific regions of the United States. Approximately 33% of U.S. alfalfa seed production is exported, primarily to GE-sensitive markets. A thorough understanding of gene flow in alfalfa is critical to establishing stewardship programs that enable coexistence between alfalfa growers producing GE alfalfa hay or seed and growers producing these products for GE-sensitive markets. Understanding the relative importance of gene flow between and within feral plants, hay, and seed production fields helps to identify key biological, agricultural, and environmental barriers to gene flow and to formulate logical mitigation strategies for managing the AP of GE traits in non-GE alfalfa seed and hay. Synchrony in flowering, presence of pollinators, isolation distance, and relative abundance of pollen between pollen source and pollen recipient plants are typical biological barriers, most of which are amenable to management in hay and/or seed production systems. In general, it seems that NAFA Best Management Practices in hay and certified alfalfa seed production, coupled with the pollinator-specific isolation guidelines outlined in the NAFA Best Management Practices document, are adequate for managing AP to tolerance levels appropriate for most markets. These types of management practices are employed successfully by producers of certified seed in most crops, including alfalfa, to ensure genetic purity of seed stocks. Increased isolation distances in seed production--including production in non-GE seed production zones--use of border areas, crop rotation, use of certified seed, careful selection of the introduced pollinator, and routine elimination of neighboring feral alfalfa plants are tools that can be applied to decrease further the risk of gene flow in the production of seed for GE-sensitive markets."--Summary.
Download or read book Movement of Pollinators and Their Impact on Selfing and Gene Flow in Alfalfa written by Emmanuel Santa-Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insect pollinators are important for the seed production of vegetables and fruits and for some forage and oil crops. Little is known about their impact on selfing, gene flow and plant mating systems. Both selfing and gene flow in agriculture are affected by how pollinators forage on plants. How pollen is deposited from flower to flower throughout consecutive visits can vary among pollinators. Pollinators can affect the proportion of seeds that results from self-fertilization. Also, pollinators can mediate gene flow via pollen and therefore help move genes among fields. Alfalfa represents a good model system to contrast the impact of distinct pollinators on selfing and gene flow. This thesis examines the foraging behavior of the European honey bee, the common eastern bumble bee and the alfalfa leafcutting bee on alfalfa plants and determine their impact on selfing rate and potential for gene flow. Selfing rate estimates were higher on plants visited by leafcutting bees and honey bees relative to bumble bees. Differences among bee species on the number of sequentially visited flowers, tripping rates and their ability to remove or deposit more pollen grains during a visit to a flower can explain the differences observed in selfing rates. We also quantified the impact of these pollinators on the reproductive success via female and male functions in alfalfa. Bee species affected plant reproductive success via both female and male functions. Plants visited by bumble bees had greater female and male reproductive success relative to honey bees and leafcutting bees. Differences among bee species in their impact on plant reproductive success were linked to differences in foraging behavior. Lastly, we compared pollen deposition curves for two bee species and their potential for transgene escape. Leafcutting bees exhibited steeper pollen deposition curves, hence shorter tails relative to bumble bees. This work improves our understanding of how distinct pollinators affect selfing rate and gene flow and therefore, how pollinators affect plant mating systems and ultimately the genetic structure of plant populations. This research contributes to the development of planting strategies to help reduce transgene escape and to promote the effective coexistence across different markets.
Download or read book Special Publication written by Council for Agricultural Science and Technology and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Qualitative Survey of Native Bees in and Near Alfalfa Medicago Sativa Seed Fields in Washington State written by Amelia Angela Jordan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Roundup Ready Alfalfa An Emerging Technology written by and published by UCANR Publications. This book was released on with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Resistance Is Fertile written by Wilhelm Peekhaus and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, government, industry, and the mainstream media have extolled the virtues of biotechnology while downplaying its negative side effects. Focusing on agriculture, Resistance Is Fertile challenges this dominant rhetoric by analyzing the major issues around which opponents of biotechnology in Canada are mobilizing resistance – namely, the enclosure of the biological and the knowledge commons, which together form the BioCommons. What emerges is an empirically and theoretically informed analysis of Canada’s regulatory regime, the corporate control of seeds, and attempts to construct and control public discussions about agricultural biotechnology.
Download or read book Plant Reproductive Ecology written by Anjana Rustagi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-03-02 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant reproductive ecology has emerged as an indispensable discipline for enhancing crop productivity and conserving biodiversity. The adaptive significance of variation in traits associated with floral biology, pollination, seed dispersal, and seedling establishment is an integral component of plant reproductive ecology and evolutionary biology. This book explores the diversity of flower symmetry and the evolutionary patterns of internal structures of generative organs in angiosperms. The rapidly emerging global crisis of declining pollinators poses a major threat to food security. As such, the book also covers the diversity of plant-pollinator interactions, the impact of non-native exotic plant communities on native plants and pollinators, and strategies for the restoration of pollinator communities.
Download or read book Trophic Interactions Between Birds Arthropods and Willows During Primary Succession on Mount St Helens written by Angela Rebecca Kroon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book California Alfalfa Symposium written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Coexistence of Genetically Modified Organic and Conventional Foods written by Nicholas Kalaitzandonakes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their commercial introduction in 1996, genetically modified (GM) crops have been adopted by farmers around the world at impressive rates. In 2011, 180 million hectares of GM crops were cultivated by more than 15 million farmers in 29 countries. In the next decade, global adoption is expected to grow even faster as the research pipeline for new biotech traits and crops has increased almost fourfold in the last few years. The adoption of GM crops has led to increased productivity, while reducing pesticide use and the emissions of agricultural greenhouse gases, leading to broadly distributed economic benefits across the global food supply chain. Despite the rapid uptake of GM crops, the various social and economic benefits as well as the expanding rate innovation, the use of GM crops remains controversial in parts of the world. Despite the emergence of coexistence between GM, organic and conventional crops as a key policy and practical issue of global scale, there is no coherent literature that addresses it directly. Governments and market stakeholders in many countries are grappling with policy alternatives that settle conflicting property rights, minimize negative market externalities and associated liabilities, maximize the economic benefits of innovation and allow producer and consumer choice. This book intends to fill these needs with contributions from the top theoreticians, legal and economic analysts, policy makers and industry practitioners in the field. As the economics and policy of coexistence start to emerge as an separate subfield in agricultural, environmental and natural resource economics with an increasing number of scholars working on the topic, the book will also provide a comprehensive base in the literature for those entering the area, making it of interest to students, scholars and policy-makers alike.
Download or read book Forages Volume 2 written by Kenneth J. Moore and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 963 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forages: The Science of Grassland Agriculture, 7th Edition, Volume II will extensively evaluate the current knowledge and information on forage agriculture. Chapters written by leading researchers and authorities in grassland agriculture are aggregated under section themes, each one representing a major topic within grassland science and agriculture. This 7th edition will include two new additional chapters covering all aspects of forage physiology in three separate chapters, instead of one in previous editions. Chapters will be updated throughout to include new information that has developed since the last edition. This new edition of the classic reference serves as a comprehensive supplement to An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture, Volume I.
Download or read book The Alfalfa Genome written by Long-Xi Yu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-17 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive compilation of deliberations on whole genome sequencing of the diploid and tetraploid alfalfa genomes including sequence assembly, gene annotation, and comparative genomics with the model legume genome, functional genomics, and genomics of important agronomic characters. Other chapters describe the genetic diversity and germplasm collections of alfalfa, as well as development of genetic markers and genome-wide association and genomic selection for economical important traits, genome editing, genomics, and breeding targets to address current and future needs. Altogether, the book contains about 300 pages over 16 chapters authored by globally reputed experts on the relevant field in this crop. This book is useful to the students, teachers, and scientists in the academia and relevant private companies interested in genetics, breeding, pathology, physiology, molecular genetics and breeding, biotechnology, and structural and functional genomics. The work is also useful to seed and forage industries.
Download or read book Biodiversity Ecosystem Functioning and Human Wellbeing written by Shahid Naeem and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How will biodiversity loss affect ecosystem functioning, ecosystem services, and human well-being? In an age of accelerating biodiversity loss, this timely and critical volume summarizes recent advances in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research and explores the economics of biodiversity and ecosystem services. The book starts by summarizing the development of the basic science and provides a meta-analysis that quantitatively tests several biodiversity and ecosystem functioning hypotheses. It then describes the natural science foundations of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research including: quantifying functional diversity, the development of the field into a predictive science, the effects of stability and complexity, methods to quantify mechanisms by which diversity affects functioning, the importance of trophic structure, microbial ecology, and spatial dynamics. Finally, the book takes research on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning further than it has ever gone into the human dimension, describing the most pressing environmental challenges that face humanity and the effects of diversity on: climate change mitigation, restoration of degraded habitats, managed ecosystems, pollination, disease, and biological invasions. However, what makes this volume truly unique are the chapters that consider the economic perspective. These include a synthesis of the economics of ecosystem services and biodiversity, and the options open to policy-makers to address the failure of markets to account for the loss of ecosystem services; an examination of the challenges of valuing ecosystem services and, hence, to understanding the human consequences of decisions that neglect these services; and an examination of the ways in which economists are currently incorporating biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research into decision models for the conservation and management of biodiversity. A final section describes new advances in ecoinformatics that will help transform this field into a globally predictive science, and summarizes the advancements and future directions of the field. The ultimate conclusion is that biodiversity is an essential element of any strategy for sustainable development.
Download or read book Bee Pollination in Agricultural Ecosystems written by Rosalind R. James and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-09-09 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the interplay among bees, agriculture and the environment. Both managed and wild bees are critical for successful pollination of numerous fruit, vegetable, oilseed and legume seed crops and are considered here. So is treatment of how bees also impact the agro-ecosystem in ways beyond simple pollination, such as by transporting pollen from genetically modified plants and by enhancing biological control strategies. The principles and examples are international. The concept is in line with current thinking of pollination as an important ecological process, and an understanding of agriculture as disturbance ecology.
Download or read book Are Superweeds an Outgrowth of USDA Biotech Policy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Domestic Policy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 1534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pollinating Bees written by P. G. Kevan and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
