Download or read book Policies and Practices to Minimize Police Use of Force Internationally written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2023-02-24 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injury and death from use of excessive force by police officers remain a common concern in countries across the globe. Despite local, national, and international attempts to legislate and provide guidance for police use of force, there continue to be global accounts of excessive force by law enforcement. Reports of officer-involved killings, injuries to citizens, and attempts to control protests and demonstrations with chemical irritants, rubber bullets, and sometimes shooting into crowds with live ammunition frequently appear in the press worldwide. However, reliable data on and accounting for these incidents are both lacking. A large network of international and regional organizations, bilateral donors, international financial institutions, and civil society organizations aim to work with governments to improve policing practices and reduce police use of excessive force. As a part of that network, the U.S. Department of State, through its Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), provides foreign assistance to and supports capacity building for criminal justice systems and police organizations in approximately 90 countries. Like many donors, it strives to direct its resources to the most effective approaches to achieve its mission. Policies and Practices to Minimize Police Use of Force Internationally, the third in a series of five reports produced for the INL, addresses what policies and practices for police use of force are effective in promoting the rule of law and protecting the population (including the officers themselves). This report looks at what is known about effective practices and their implementation and identifies promising actions to be taken by international donors in their efforts to strengthen the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies.
Download or read book International Intervention and the Use of Force written by Cornelius Friesendorf and published by Ubiquity Press. This book was released on 2012-05-14 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intervening states apply different approaches to the use force in war-torn countries. Calibrating the use of force according to the situation on the ground requires a convergence of military and police roles: soldiers have to be able to scale down, and police officers to scale up their use of force. In practice, intervening states display widely differing abilities to demonstrate such versatility. This paper argues that these differences are shaped by how the domestic institutions of sending states mediate between demands for versatile force and their own intervention practices. It considers the use of force by Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States in three contexts of international intervention: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Afghanistan. The paper highlights quite different responses to security problems as varied as insurgency, terrorism, organised crime and riots. This analysis offers important lessons. Those planning and implementing international interventions should take into account differences in the use of force. At the same time, moving towards versatile force profoundly changes the characteristics of security forces and may increase their short-term risks. This difficulty points to a key message emerging from this paper: effective, sustainable support to states emerging from conflict will only be feasible if intervening states reform their own security policies and practices.
Download or read book Police Use of Force written by James F. Albrecht and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-28 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive examination and analysis of the concepts and issues related to police use of force, particularly the use of deadly force with a firearm, from multi-faceted and international perspectives. It explores innovative training, protocols, policies, tactical options for de-escalation, and recommendations for the restriction of the use of force by law enforcement officers in an effort to reduce the likelihood of injury to police, the pubic and criminal suspects. Additionally, it outlines tactics for effective crowd control at demonstrations and during riots. This book specifically delineates practical policy implications suggested from highly recognized professionals with extensive experience in policing, training and related research. It is ideal for graduate and upper level undergraduate students, scholars, academics, researchers, government and community leaders, and criminal justice and law enforcement administrators and policy makers.
Download or read book Police Use of Force written by U S Commission on Civil Rights and published by . This book was released on 2019-08-14 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, the Commission investigated rates of police use of force; whether rates and instantiations of that use of force violate civil rights of persons of color, persons with disabilities, LGBT communities, and low-income persons; promising or proven policies and practices worth replicating to minimize unnecessary use of force; and the perception and reality of discrimination in police use of force. The Commission considered evidence from law enforcement and court officials, community leaders and police reform advocates, scholars, legal experts, as well as testimony taken in by the Commission's State Advisory Committees in Minnesota, New York, Maine, and Delaware. The Commission majority approved key findings including the following: While police officers have the difficult and admirable job of providing crucial services to the communities they protect and serve, their job sometimes puts them in harm's way and may require the use of force. Accordingly, police officers must operate with the highest standards of professionalism and accountability. Every community resident should be able to live, work, and travel confident in an expectation that interactions with police officers will be fair, consistent with constitutional norms, and guided by public safety free from bias or discrimination. Unfortunately, too many communities are not confident in these expectations, and so these communities have called for reforms to foster better community-police relations and prevent unjustified and excessive police uses of force. Accurate and comprehensive data regarding police uses of force is generally not available to police departments or the American public. No comprehensive national database exists that captures police uses of force. The best available evidence reflects high rates of uses of force nationally, with increased likelihood of police use of force against people of color, people with disabilities, LGBT people, people with mental health concerns, people with low incomes, and those at the intersection of these communities. Lack of sufficient training-and funding for training-leaves officers and the public at risk. Repeated and highly publicized incidents of police use of force against persons of color and people with disabilities, combined with a lack of accurate data, lack of transparency about policies and practices in place governing use of force, and lack of accountability for noncompliance foster a perception that police use of force in communities of color and the disability community is unchecked, unlawful, and unsafe.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Highlighted Findings * Highlighted Recommendations * Chapter 1: Introduction: Definitions, Data, and Major Theoretical Perspectives * Defining Excessive Use of Force * State of National Data Collection * Existing Data on Lethal and Non-Lethal Use of Force * Disparities in Use of Force * Explanations for and Analysis of Rates of Police Use of Force * Inevitability Argument * Systemic Perspectives * Chapter 2: Police Oversight And Accountability * Internal Accountability * Body-Worn Cameras * External Oversight * Civilian Review Boards * Grand Juries * Qualified Immunity * Consent Decrees * Chapter 3: Changing Law Enforcement Behavior * A Holistic Approach to Reforming the Overall Policing System * Racial Diversity * Training * Implicit Bias Training * De-escalation Training * Mental Health and Disability Training * Building Community Trust * Chapter 4: Findings and Recommendations * Findings * Community Trust * Data * Training * Accountability * Recommendations * Commissioners' Statements, Rebuttals, and Surrebuttals
Download or read book Police Use of Excessive Force written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Police Use of Force written by Joseph B. Kuhns and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2010-04-09 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A team of expert contributors provides an in-depth exploration of police use of force, firearms, and less-than-lethal weapons from a dozen countries across five continents. Police Use of Force: A Global Perspective is a fascinating, international exploration of police use of force, firearms, and less-than-lethal weapons in nations around the world. The book is comprised of three sections: the first focuses on the use of force generally, the second explores firearms and deadly force, and the final section considers less-than-lethal weapons, including pepper spray, TASERs, and other emerging technologies currently on the horizon. The essays gathered here will provide readers with an understanding of the vast differences in how police use force in various countries, as well as why police use force differently under different forms of government. Topics covered include use-of-force definitions, training procedures, policy issues, abuse of police authority, use of force during interrogations, and the use of firearms by armed and unarmed police forces. Finally, there is an essay focusing on how shooting and killing a suspect impacts an officer in the months and years that follow.
Download or read book Police Use of Force under International Law written by Stuart Casey-Maslen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-10 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first detailed description of when and how the police may use force under the international law of law enforcement.
Download or read book Proactive Policing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.
Download or read book Police Use of Force written by Lawrence A. Greenfeld and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The changing rules on the use of force in international law written by Tarcisio Gazzini and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-20 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now available as an eBook for the first time, this 2006 book from the Melland Schill series considers the main legal issues concerning the use of force by international organisations and states. It assesses the achievements and failures of the United Nations' collective security system, and discusses the prospects ahead. It also deals with the use of force by states in self-defence and on other legal grounds. The book discusses to what extent the rules on the use of force have evolved since the end of the Cold War in order to meet the needs of the international community. It focuses in particular on the military operations directed against terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. The research is developed from the standpoint of the sources of international law. It rejects a static vision of the rules on the use of force, including those enshrined in the UN Charter. Rather, it highlights the interaction between conventional and customary international law and the exposure of both sources to state practice.
Download or read book Conflict Management Training and Nonlethal Weapon Use Why Law Enforcement Officers Misuse Force How Officers Make Decisions Under Stress Warrior V written by U. S. Military and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines multiple theories for why law enforcement officers misuse force. It explores decision-making theory that has been used to describe how officers make rapid decisions under stress. Biases can affect an officer's ability or propensity to use force. Recognition Primed Decision addresses how over-emphasis on using force during training can prime officers to rely on force in the streets. Such other factors as the warrior mentality (versus the guardian mentality) that are instilled in recruits also may affect an officer's readiness to use force; officers also are taught that their lives are a priority over others. And finally, the law enforcement community has a sense of immunity from being held legally responsible, reinforced by courts' inability to prosecute officers or hold them liable. Practices and policies are examined in agencies that exacerbate or mitigate these issues. Over-emphasis on using force during training and specific material meant to foster the warrior mentality are identified as problems plaguing some departments. De-escalation training and training that mitigates officer bias are identified as important practices to implement. This thesis includes several recommendations that leaders should examine to minimize officer misuse of force.This compilation includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.I. Introduction * A. Major Research Question * B. Significance of the Research * C. Literature Review * 1. Training and/or Weapon-Use is at the Appropriate Level * 2. Training is Insufficient or Misplaced * D. Research Design * E. Thesis Overview * II. Background on Use of Force and Law Enforcement Training * A. Explanation of Use of Force and Whether It Is Misused * 1. What is Use of Force? * 2. Justifiable Use of Force Explained * 3. Data on Misuse of Force * B. Law Enforcement Training Practices * C. Inconsistent Training Requirements * D. Conclusion * III. Potential Causes for Misuse * A. Recognition Prime Decision Theory * B. Priority Mentality (Officer Safety First) * C. Warrior Mentality vs. Guardian Mentality * D. Discriminatory Abuse of Power/Bias * E. Perceived Legal Immunity * F. Conclusion * IV. Law Enforcement Training And Policy And Its Effect On Use Of Force * A. Training That Exacerbates Misuse Of Force * 1. Over-Emphasis of Training on Using Force * 2. Training that Inappropriately Instills Warrior Mindset * 3. Law Enforcement Policy Barriers * B. Policies and Practices That Effectively Address Misuse of Force * 1. Conflict Management/De-escalation Training * 2. Bias Mitigation Training * 3. The Use-of-Force Continuum Policy * C. Conclusion * V. Conclusion and Recommendations * A. Recommendations * B. Future Research * C. ConclusionAll law enforcement officers understand the legal requirements for when use of force is allowed, but how much training and of what quality are they receiving to maximize that goal of keeping everyone safe? The community of policing in the United States is full of antiquated policies and complex bureaucracies causing inefficiencies in training requirements. Organizations like the Police Executive Research Forum recognize that many departments' efforts are misguided and have put forth policy recommendations that go above and beyond the current legal requirements.2 No amount of new equipment, grandiose police strategies, or legal restrictions on officers will eliminate misuse of force if training efforts are not comprehensive and do not address root causes of excessive force.
Download or read book Understanding Police Use of Force written by Geoffrey P. Alpert and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-08-16 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book Democratizing the Police Abroad written by David H. Bayley and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Police Use of Force in New York City written by Philip K. Eure and published by . This book was released on 2015-12-18 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the death of Eric Garner in Staten Island in 2014 and others across the Nation, there has been a public call for greater accountability when police officers use force that appears neither reasonable nor proportional. This report investigated the New York Police Department's (NYPD's) use of force by reviewing a large sample of force investigations. It examines five aspects of use of force within NYPD: trends; reporting; de-escalation; training; and discipline. The report begins by highlighting data and trends from excessive or unnecessary force cases substantiated by the Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB). It then presents the findings of an independent analysis of force cases. Finally, it analyzes and evaluates NYPD's disciplinary system, including a close review of cases where it was determined that the use of force was not reasonable or justified. Figures. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Police Violence written by William A. Geller and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1959-12-11 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the prevalence of police-citizen conflict has diminished in recent decades, police use of excessive force remains a concern of police departments nationwide. This timely book focuses on what is known and what still needs to be learned to understand, prevent, and remediate police abuse of force. The topics covered include: a theory of police abuse of force; the causes of police brutality; measures of its prevalence; the violence-prone police officer; public opinion about police abuse of force; the issue of race; officer selection, training, and attitudes; police unions and police culture; administrative review; procedural justice and the review of citizen complaints; the role of lawsuits; and a survey of police brutality abroad. In the final chapter Geller and Toch suggest new directions for research and practical innovations in law enforcement, from which both police and citizens can benefit. The contributors to this volume are scholars of criminology, criminal justice, social psychology, law, and public administration; former police managers; a police union leader; civilian oversight agency administrators and analysts; civil liberties advocates; police litigation expert witnesses; and media commentators. The combination of theoretical and practical perspectives makes this book ideal for students and scholars of democratic policing and for those in police departments, government, and the media charged with addressing and understanding the problem of improper exercise of force.
Download or read book Deadly Discretion written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Under A Veteran Law Officer s View written by Tamera Keziah and published by . This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a description of all forms of police use of force in the United States. It is written under a veteran police officer's perspective on how our officers use force. The power to enforce criminal laws and promote public safety is delegated to the police. We grant officers the authority to use force and even violence - that is, force applied to the body - to achieve those objectives as part of the delegation. We are all familiar with this activity, but it is in direct conflict with our limited government structure, which values personal autonomy and liberty. Only the careful implementation of rules and regulations that limit the use of force, as well as the instilling of modesty and concern in the police themselves, will keep the tension at bay. Regrettably, current safeguards against unnecessary police use of force are woefully inadequate. Almost all large (and most smaller) police forces have use-of-force policies that specify a range of force that can be used against offenders in various situations. However, in reality, these strategies can be unsuccessful. Other attempts to minimize police use of force, such as encouraging ethnic diversity in recruiting and instituting new academy training, initially seemed positive, but they also failed to solve the police violence issue.
