Download or read book POLICE TRAFFIC STOPS AND RACIAL PROFILING written by James T. O'Reilly and published by Charles C Thomas Publisher. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text examines the numbers, the advocacy arguments and the practical realities of the 'racial profiling' controversy. By applying law, logic, electoral common sense and police community relations, the author shows how the successful police manager will deal with the issues without enduring personal or career disaster for the attempt. The first part of the text explains the 'racial profiling' controversy in the context of traffic stops. The political and policy issues are covered along with the constitutional standards. Then, the second part addresses the types of actions sought by those who assert a need for remedies against police investigatory stops. The third aspect of this text is an analysis of the mechanism by which challengers force elected officials into the defensive settlements seen in 1998-2001. Next, the roles of elected officials, police managers and police unions in dealing with this controversy is discussed. Finally, preventive steps are suggested that can practically be implemented to avoid this controversy from affecting successful police administration. By taking apart the complex topic and showing its meaning, significance and consequential events, it is hoped that this book will help facilitate solutions where currently there is confusion and alarm.
Download or read book Pulled Over written by Charles R. Epp and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In sheer numbers, no form of government control comes close to the police stop. Each year, twelve percent of drivers in the United States are stopped by the police, and the figure is almost double among racial minorities. Police stops are among the most recognizable and frequently criticized incidences of racial profiling, but, while numerous studies have shown that minorities are pulled over at higher rates, none have examined how police stops have come to be both encouraged and institutionalized. Pulled Over deftly traces the strange history of the investigatory police stop, from its discredited beginning as “aggressive patrolling” to its current status as accepted institutional practice. Drawing on the richest study of police stops to date, the authors show that who is stopped and how they are treated convey powerful messages about citizenship and racial disparity in the United States. For African Americans, for instance, the experience of investigatory stops erodes the perceived legitimacy of police stops and of the police generally, leading to decreased trust in the police and less willingness to solicit police assistance or to self-censor in terms of clothing or where they drive. This holds true even when police are courteous and respectful throughout the encounters and follow seemingly colorblind institutional protocols. With a growing push in recent years to use local police in immigration efforts, Hispanics stand poised to share African Americans’ long experience of investigative stops. In a country that celebrates democracy and racial equality, investigatory stops have a profound and deleterious effect on African American and other minority communities that merits serious reconsideration. Pulled Over offers practical recommendations on how reforms can protect the rights of citizens and still effectively combat crime.
Download or read book Suspect Citizens written by Frank R. Baumgartner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Suspect Citizens offers the most comprehensive look to date at the most common form of police-citizen interactions, the routine traffic stop. Throughout the war on crime, police agencies have used traffic stops to search drivers suspected of carrying contraband. From the beginning, police agencies made it clear that very large numbers of police stops would have to occur before an officer might interdict a significant drug shipment. Unstated in that calculation was that many Americans would be subjected to police investigations so that a small number of high-level offenders might be found. The key element in this strategy, which kept it hidden from widespread public scrutiny, was that middle-class white Americans were largely exempt from its consequences. Tracking these police practices down to the officer level, Suspect Citizens documents the extreme rarity of drug busts and reveals sustained and troubling disparities in how racial groups are treated.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Policing in the United States written by Tamara Rice Lave and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-04 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive collection on police and policing, written by experts in political theory, sociology, criminology, economics, law, public health, and critical theory.
Download or read book Racial Profiling written by Laurie E. Ekstrand and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000-12 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial profiling of motorists by law enforcement -- that is, using race as a key factor in deciding whether to make a traffic stop -- is an issue that has received increased attention in recent years. Numerous allegations of racial profiling of motorists have been made and several lawsuits have been won. This report provides info. on: the findings and methodologies that have been conducted on racial profiling of motorists; and federal, state, and local data available on motorist stops. The analyses indicates that African American motorists in particular, and minority motorists in general, were proportionately more likely than whites to be stopped on the roadways studied.
Download or read book Racial Profiling written by Steven J. Muffler and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, racial profiling has drawn the attention of state and federal governments. In this book, racial profiling is defined as the practice of targeting individuals for police or security interdiction, detention, or other disparate treatment based primarily on their race, ethnicity, or national origin in the belief that certain minority groups are more likely to engage in unlawful behaviour. Assertions that law enforcement personnel at all levels unfairly target certain racial and ethnic groups, particularly but not exclusively for traffic stops and searches, have raised concerns about violations of the Constitution. The major debate on racial profiling centres on whether the practice should be prohibited entirely and whether data on traffic stops and searches should be collected to determine if the practice is occurring. This book gathers presents the major issues, available data, and analyses important to understanding on the most dangerous and divisive practices of our time.
Download or read book Cincinnati Police Department Traffic Stops written by Greg Ridgeway and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2009 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2002, the Cincinnati Police Department (CPD) joined with other agencies and organizations to improve police-community relations in the city. This report focuses on the analysis of racial disparities in traffic stops in Cincinnati. The authors find no evidence of racial differences between the stops of black and those of similarly situated nonblack drivers, but some issues can exacerbate the perception of racial bias.
Download or read book Driving While Black written by Tyler Wiggs and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1990s, researchers began studying a phenomenon known academically as racial profiling and colloquially as "driving while black." Personal accounts, media reports, and scholarly research all indicated black drivers were stopped by police at rates disproportionate to the estimated population. Nearly three decades later, questions remain as to what causes the disparities in traffic stop data. Disparities alone are not indicative of racial discrimination by individual police officers. Though individual discrimination is a possible explanation for racial disparities in traffic stop data, systemic issues as well as race-neutral explanations may also explain such disparities. This study seeks to overcome the limitations of previous research to address which explanation likely accounts for the majority of disparities in traffic stop data. By surveying police officers, this study aims to understand how officers initiate traffic stops, how officers feel about the use of race in traffic enforcement, how investigatory stops may differ from traffic safety stops, and how visibility affects racial disparities. This study concludes with recommendations for future research into racial profiling in traffic enforcement.
Download or read book Proactive Policing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.
Download or read book Good Cop Bad Cop written by Milton Heumann and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2003 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good Cop, Bad Cop looks at the rise of racial profiling, one of the most important and hotly debated topics in criminal justice, and traces its development from its origins in criminal profiling, through the use of profiles in drug trafficking prevention efforts in airports and on the U.S. highways, until it became synonymous with racial discrimination by law enforcement. The authors draw upon an extensive body of primary sources, social science literature, and court cases to examine how law enforcement, legislators, and the courts have handled racial profiling. They also review the debate over racial profiling, offering arguments made by its opponents and defenders before and after the events of September 11 and describe its development as both a legal and a cultural concept.
Download or read book Measuring Racial Discrimination written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-07-24 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including blacks, Hispanics, Asians, American Indians, and others, have historically faced severe discriminationâ€"pervasive and open denial of civil, social, political, educational, and economic opportunities. Today, large differences among racial and ethnic groups continue to exist in employment, income and wealth, housing, education, criminal justice, health, and other areas. While many factors may contribute to such differences, their size and extent suggest that various forms of discriminatory treatment persist in U.S. society and serve to undercut the achievement of equal opportunity. Measuring Racial Discrimination considers the definition of race and racial discrimination, reviews the existing techniques used to measure racial discrimination, and identifies new tools and areas for future research. The book conducts a thorough evaluation of current methodologies for a wide range of circumstances in which racial discrimination may occur, and makes recommendations on how to better assess the presence and effects of discrimination.
Download or read book Racial Profiling written by Brian L. Withrow and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2006 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In doing so this text becomes the most comprehensive and unbiased treatise of the racial profiling controversy available."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Policing the Open Road written by Sarah A. Seo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policing the Open Road examines how the rise of the car, that symbol of American personal freedom, inadvertently led to ever more intrusive policing--with disastrous consequences for racial equality in our criminal justice system. When Americans think of freedom, they often picture the open road. Yet nowhere are we more likely to encounter the long arm of the law than in our cars. Sarah Seo reveals how the rise of the automobile transformed American freedom in radical ways, leading us to accept--and expect--pervasive police power. As Policing the Open Road makes clear, this expectation has had far-reaching political and legal consequences.--
Download or read book The Black Man s Guide 7 Steps to Surviving a Police Traffic Stop written by Vincent Ross and published by . This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Police traffic stops, Racial profiling and police brutality have been mixtures for some of the most prominent black deaths in African/American history. Philando Castile, Sandra Bland, Walter L. Scott (most recently, George Floyd) and so many others have been the faces of the #BlackLivesMatter movement. Reports over the years and in several foreign states where the Black man tries to make a living, have shown that more Black drivers are stopped by the Police than white drivers even though they are less likely to have committed the suspected offence. More often than not, these stops are likely to turn violent with officers trigger happy, seeking to make arrests or simply to punish for an unconscious crime - driving while Black. A routine traffic stop can quickly turn to a search for drugs, an immigration violation, jail time or worse, death.This Black Man's Guide to police traffic stops would teach you everything you need to know and do to survive a police traffic stop. Coupled with an analysis of reported cases, statistics and down to earth humanity, this concise manual for survival highlights seven (7) simple and deliberate steps that could save your life.
Download or read book Racial Profiling by Policy Officers Conducting Searches During Traffic Stops written by Kelly A. Quiring (M.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Racial Profiling written by Ronnie A. Dunn and published by Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Publication Now Available! Racial profiling is a phenomenon that has been around for many years... As of 2007, there had been over 200 court cases involving allegations of racial and ethnic profiling against law enforcement agencies in the United States. Consequently, it is an issue of significant concern. While racial profiling can affect many aspects of the lives of minorities, including Arab and Muslim Americans, Racial Profiling: Causes and Consequences focuses on the "driving while black" (DWB) phenomenon. Among the most frequently occurring incidences of racial profiling is traffic stops-for minor traffic violations, which often result in vehicle searches for contraband. That is the focus of this book, which includes several studies of traffic stops and assesses traffic stops from several perspectives. Racial Profiling: Causes and Consequences: Includes a study that analyzes reports from several states on data collected in traffic stops. These data indicate the race of the driver and the disposition of the traffic stop, i.e., race, search, and yield for contraband. This data was examined for evidence of racial discrimination. Features several personal stories of DWB in order to illuminate the pervasiveness of its occurrence. Presents a comprehensive study of traffic ticketing in Cleveland, Ohio. This study integrates research methods used in other studies to provide an enhanced estimate of the driving population within the particular geographic area being studied. Provides an analysis of the DWB issue from an institutional racism perspective rather than the traditional individual racist police officer paradigm in which the issue is generally discussed. Highlights the less obvious concomitant socioeconomic and legal ramifications of DWB such as the revocation of one's driver's license due to the accumulation of points for moving traffic violations and the various economic costs and hardships that stem from this loss of driving privileges, the possibility of multiple traffic infractions being added to a police record as was the case with Timothy Thomas, the young black man shot to death by Cincinnati police in 2001.
Download or read book Profiles in Injustice written by David A. Harris and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that racial profiling by police officers, highway troopers, and customs officials is morally reprehensible and does not help catch criminals, but rather contributes to the moral decay of American society.
