Download or read book Points Lines and Surfaces at Criticality written by Edoardo Lauria and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis offers a fascinating journey through various non-perturbative aspects of Conformal Theories, in particular focusing on the Conformal Bootstrap Programme and its extensions to theories with various degrees of symmetry. Because of the preeminent role of Conformal Theories in Nature, as well as the great generality of the results here obtained, this analysis directly applies to many different areas of research. The content of this thesis is certainly relevant for the physics community as a whole and this relevance is well motivated and discussed along the various chapters of this work. The work is self-contained and starts with an original introduction to conformal theories, defects in such theories and how they lead to constraints on data and an extension of the bootstrap programme. This situation is often realized by critical systems with impurities, topological insulators, or – in the high-energy context – by Wilson and 't Hooft operators. The thesis continues with original research results of the author, including supersymmetric extensions. These results may be relevant non only in the high energy physics context - where supersymmetry is required for the theory to be consistent - but also for condensed matter systems that enjoy supersymmetry emergence at long distances.
Download or read book Points Lines and Surfaces at Criticality written by Edoardo Lauria and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis offers a fascinating journey through various non-perturbative aspects of Conformal Theories, in particular focusing on the Conformal Bootstrap Programme and its extensions to theories with various degrees of symmetry. Because of the preeminent role of Conformal Theories in Nature, as well as the great generality of the results here obtained, this analysis directly applies to many different areas of research. The content of this thesis is certainly relevant for the physics community as a whole and this relevance is well motivated and discussed along the various chapters of this work. The work is self-contained and starts with an original introduction to conformal theories, defects in such theories and how they lead to constraints on data and an extension of the bootstrap programme. This situation is often realized by critical systems with impurities, topological insulators, or -in the high-energy context- by Wilson and 't Hooft operators. The thesis continues with original research results of the author, including supersymmetric extensions. These results may be relevant non only in the high energy physics context - where supersymmetry is required for the theory to be consistent - but also for condensed matter systems that enjoy supersymmetry emergence at long distances.
Download or read book Heterogeneous Spatial Data written by Giuseppe Patanè and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New data acquisition techniques are emerging and are providing fast and efficient means for multidimensional spatial data collection. Airborne LIDAR surveys, SAR satellites, stereo-photogrammetry and mobile mapping systems are increasingly used for the digital reconstruction of the environment. All these systems provide extremely high volumes of raw data, often enriched with other sensor data (e.g., beam intensity). Improving methods to process and visually analyze this massive amount of geospatial and user-generated data is crucial to increase the efficiency of organizations and to better manage societal challenges. Within this context, this book proposes an up-to-date view of computational methods and tools for spatio-temporal data fusion, multivariate surface generation, and feature extraction, along with their main applications for surface approximation and rainfall analysis. The book is intended to attract interest from different fields, such as computer vision, computer graphics, geomatics, and remote sensing, working on the common goal of processing 3D data. To this end, it presents and compares methods that process and analyze the massive amount of geospatial data in order to support better management of societal challenges through more timely and better decision making, independent of a specific data modeling paradigm (e.g., 2D vector data, regular grids or 3D point clouds). We also show how current research is developing from the traditional layered approach, adopted by most GIS softwares, to intelligent methods for integrating existing data sets that might contain important information on a geographical area and environmental phenomenon. These services combine traditional map-oriented visualization with fully 3D visual decision support methods and exploit semantics-oriented information (e.g., a-priori knowledge, annotations, segmentations) when processing, merging, and integrating big pre-existing data sets.
Download or read book Complexity and Criticality written by Kim Christensen and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2005-10-03 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a challenging and stimulating introduction to the contemporary topics of complexity and criticality, and explores their common basis of scale invariance, a central unifying theme of the book. Criticality refers to the behaviour of extended systems at a phase transition where scale invariance prevails. The many constituent microscopic parts bring about macroscopic phenomena that cannot be understood by considering a single part alone. The phenomenology of phase transitions is introduced by considering percolation, a simple model with a purely geometrical phase transition, thus enabling the reader to become intuitively familiar with concepts such as scale invariance and renormalisation. The Ising model is then introduced, which captures a thermodynamic phase transition from a disordered to an ordered system as the temperature is lowered in zero external field. By emphasising analogies between percolation and the Ising model, the reader's intuition of phase transitions is developed so that the underlying theoretical formalism may be appreciated fully. These equilibrium systems undergo a phase transition only if an external agent finely tunes certain external parameters to particular values. Besides fractals and phase transitions, there are many examples in Nature of the emergence of such complex behaviour in slowly driven non-equilibrium systems: earthquakes in seismic systems, avalanches in granular media and rainfall in the atmosphere. A class of non-equilibrium systems, not constrained by having to tune external parameters to obtain critical behaviour, is addressed in the framework of simple models, revealing that the repeated application of simple rules may spontaneously give rise to emergent complex behaviour not encoded in the rules themselves. The common basis of complexity and criticality is identified and applied to a range of non-equilibrium systems. Finally, the reader is invited to speculate whether self-organisation in non-equilibrium systems might be a unifying concept for disparate fields such as statistical mechanics, geophysics and atmospheric physics. Visit http://www.complexityandcriticality.com for animations for the models in the book (available for Windows and Linux), solutions to exercises, as well as a list with corrections. Contents:Percolation:Percolating Phase TransitionPercolation in One DimensionPercolation on the Bethe LatticePercolation in Two DimensionsGeometric Properties of ClustersScaling Ansatz, Scaling Functions and Scaling RelationsFinite-Size ScalingUniversalityReal-Space Renormalisation GroupIsing Model:Review of Thermodynamics and Statistical MechanicsSymmetry BreakingFerromagnetic Phase TransitionIsing Model in One DimensionMean-Field Ising ModelIsing Model in Two DimensionsLandau Theory of Continuous Phase TransitionsScaling Ansatz, Scaling Functions and Scaling RelationsUniversalityReal-Space Renormalisation GroupSelf-Organised Criticality:Non-equilibrium steady state systemBTW Model in One DimensionMean-Field Theory of the BTW ModelBranching ProcessScaling Ansatz, Scaling Functions and Scaling RelationsBTW Model in Two DimensionsA Rice Pile Experiment and the Oslo ModelEarthquakes and the OFC ModelRainfallSelf-Organised Criticality as a Unifying Principle Readership: Students at all levels, researchers and instructors looking for an introduction to the ideas of complexity and criticality.
Download or read book Order Disorder And Criticality Advanced Problems Of Phase Transition Theory Volume 2 written by Yurij Holovatch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007-07-05 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the second volume of review papers on advanced problems of phase transitions and critical phenomena, following the success of the first volume in 2004. Broadly, the volume aims to demonstrate that the phase transition theory, which experienced its 'golden age' during the 70s and 80s, is far from over and there is still a good deal of work to be done, both at the fundamental level and in respect of applications.The topics presented in this volume include: critical behavior as explained by the non-perturbative renormalization group, critical dynamics, a spacetime approach to phase transitions, self-organized criticality, and exactly solvable models of phase transitions in strongly correlated systems. As the first volume, this book is based on the review lectures that were given in Lviv (Ukraine) at the “Ising lectures” — a traditional annual workshop on phase transitions and critical phenomena which brings together scientists working in the field with university students and those who are interested in the subject.
Download or read book Excluded Volume Effects in Polymer Solutions written by Lothar Schäfer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schäfer gives a concise overview of the static equilibrium properties of polymer solutions. In the first part diagrammatic perturbation theory is derived from scratch. The second part illustrates the basic ideas of the renormalization group (RG). The crucial role of dilation invariance is stressed. The more efficient method of dimensional regularization and minimal subtractions is worked out in part three. The fourth part contains a unified evaluation of the theory to the one loop level. All the important experimental quantities are discussed in detail, and the results are compared extensively to experiment. Empirical methods of data analysis are critically discussed. The final (fifth) part is devoted to extensions of theory. The first three parts of this book may serve as the basis of a course. Parts four and five are hoped to be useful for detailed quantitative evaluations of experiments.
Download or read book Quarks Leptons and Their Constituents written by Antonino Zichichi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 5 to 15 August 1984, a group of 79 physicists from 61 laboratories in 26 countries met in Erice for the 22nd Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics. The countries represented were Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, People's Republic of China, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States of America. The School was sponsored by the Italian Ministry of Public Education (MPI), the Italian Ministry of Scientific and Technologi cal Research (MRST), the Regional Sicilian Government (ERS), and the Weizmann Institute of Science. The programme of the School was devoted to a review of the most significant results in theoretical and experimental research work on the interactions between what we believe today are the point like constituents of the world: quarks and leptons. It should however not be forgotten that many problems are still to be understood: especially in the forefront of the correla tion between quarks and leptons. This game started in 1966 with the proposal for "leptonic quarks" and went on with "preons" and "rishons" just to quote the most famous attempts to unify these two worlds.
Download or read book The Casimir Effect in Critical Systems written by Michael Krech and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994-07-26 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The well-known Casimir effect has a direct analogue in systems near critical or multicritical points. Critical fluctuations in systems confined to finite geometries lead to attractive or repulsive forces between system boundaries. These forces influence the formation of wetting layers of liquid 4He or binary liquid mixtures near critical points in these fluids. With the aid of recently developed versions of the atomic force microscope, these forces appear to be directly measurable. The book contains an introduction to the physics of critical phenomena and reviews the most recent developments in the theory of finite-size scaling. A detailed discussion of the Casimir effect and related questions follows. The analysis of quantitative effects on the specific heat of critical films, the formation of wetting layers, and force measurements finish the presentation. This is perhaps the first book on the critical Casimir effect. Contents:IntroductionFinite Size ScalingThe Casimir EffectWall Effects in Critical FilmsThe Finite Size Scaling FunctionsExperiments on Finite Size ScalingSummary and Outlook Readership: Physicists. keywords:
Download or read book Conformal Field Theory written by Philippe Francesco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling an important gap in the literature, this comprehensive text develops conformal field theory from first principles. The treatment is self-contained, pedagogical, and exhaustive, and includes a great deal of background material on quantum field theory, statistical mechanics, Lie algebras and affine Lie algebras. The many exercises, with a wide spectrum of difficulty and subjects, complement and in many cases extend the text. The text is thus not only an excellent tool for classroom teaching but also for individual study. Intended primarily for graduate students and researchers in theoretical high-energy physics, mathematical physics, condensed matter theory, statistical physics, the book will also be of interest in other areas of theoretical physics and mathematics. It will prepare the reader for original research in this very active field of theoretical and mathematical physics.
Download or read book Introduction to Surface Magnetism written by Takahito Kaneyoshi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-13 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been designed as an introductory text to surface magnetism for physics and material science students. General topics discussed include the physical characteristics of magnetically ordered systems, the structural aspects of surfaces, magnetic surfaces, the Weiss molecular field and other effective field theories, the scaling concept and scaling relations, ferro- and ferrimagnetism, and spin waves. Introduction to Surface Magnetism includes 85 figures and 6 tables to help summarize information presented in the book.
Download or read book Algorithms and Computation written by Tetsuo Asano and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 783 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation, ISAAC 2006, held in Kolkata, India, December 2006. The 73 revised full papers cover algorithms and data structures, online algorithms, approximation algorithm, computational geometry, computational complexity, optimization and biology, combinatorial optimization and quantum computing, as well as distributed computing and cryptography.
Download or read book Proceedings of Physical Phenomena at High Magnetic Fields IV written by G. Boebinger and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Phenomena at High Magnetic Fields IV (PPHMF-IV) was the fourth in the series of conferences sponsored by the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL). The success of PPHMF-I, II and III, held in 1991, 1995 and 1998 respectively, encouraged the organizers to once again bring together experts in scientific research areas where high magnetic fields play an important role, to critically assess the current status of research in these areas, and to discuss promising new directions in science, as well as applications which are in the forefront of these fields.
Download or read book High Pressure Technology written by Spain and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High pressure technology is used so extensively that it is almost impossible to catalogue the manyways in which our lives are enhanced by it. From pneumatic tires and household water supplies tomaterials such as crystals, plastics, and even synthetic diamond, there are countless materialsfabricated or shaped using high pressure technology. High Pressure Technology (in two volumes)presents the most up-to-date information available on the main features of this broad technology andthe processes which utilize it.Volume I: Equipment Design, Materials, and Properties covers three broad areas: the general operationof high pressure systems, including standard operating procedures and safety codes and measures;the technology of high pressure systems, such as components, vessel design, and materials of construction;and applied science at high pressure, including the properties of fluids and solids andmechanical properties. Volume II: Applications and Processes covers processes at high pressure andencompasses such topics as: catalytic chemical synthesis; polymerization; phase changes; criticalphenomena; liquefaction of gases; synthesis of single-crystal materials, diamond, and superhardmaterials; isostatic compacting; isostatic hot-pressing; hydrostatic forming of metals; hydraulic cutting;and applications of shock techniques.Written by recognized authorities in industry, government laboratories, and universities, High PressureTechnology is essential reading for the industrial practitioner, high pressure engineer, and researchscientist. In addition, it is a valuable textbook for students in mechanical, chemical, and materialsengineering courses.
Download or read book Computer Simulations of Surfaces and Interfaces written by Burkhard Dünweg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of surfaces and interactions between dissimilar materials or phases are vital for modern technological applications. Computer simulation methods are indispensable in such studies and this book contains a substantial body of knowledge about simulation methods as well as the theoretical background for performing computer experiments and analyzing the data. The book is self-contained, covering a range of topics from classical statistical mechanics to a variety of simulation techniques, including molecular dynamics, Langevin dynamics and Monte Carlo methods. A number of physical systems are considered, including fluids, magnets, polymers, granular media, and driven diffusive systems. The computer simulation methods considered include both standard and accelerated versions. The simulation methods are clearly related to the fundamental principles of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics.
Download or read book Conformal Invariance and Critical Phenomena written by Malte Henkel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-04-16 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to conformal field theory and a review of its applications to critical phenomena in condensed-matter systems. After reviewing simple phase transitions and explaining the foundations of conformal invariance and the algebraic methods required, it proceeds to the explicit calculation of four-point correlators. Numerical methods for matrix diagonalization are described as well as finite-size scaling techniques and their conformal extensions. Many exercises are included. Applications treat the Ising, Potts, chiral Potts, Yang-Lee, percolation and XY models, the XXZ chain, linear polymers, tricritical points, conformal turbulence, surface criticality and profiles, defect lines and aperiodically modulated systems, persistent currents and dynamical scaling. The vicinity of the critical point is studied culminating in the exact solution of the two-dimensional Ising model at the critical temperature in a magnetic field. Relevant experimental results are also reviewed.
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Technology 1991 written by Thomas J. Bruno and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 957 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, we have collected a series of reviews that cover both experimental and theoretical work geared toward the more exact requirements of current SFE applications. While we have artificially divided the volume into experimental and theoretical sections, natural overlaps will be apparent. Many of the papers on experimental and theoretical sections, natural overlaps will be apparent. Many of the papers on experimental technique contain discussions on equation of state correlations. Indeed, a good deal of the experimental work is intimately tied to a mathematical description of fluid mixtures. The theoretical section presents reviews that cover the modern theory of critical phenomena, methods to correlate near critical experimental results and approaches to understanding the behavior of near critical fluids from microscopic theory. It is hoped that the scope of these reviews will provide the reader with the basis to further develop our understanding of the behavior of supercritical fluids.
Download or read book Phase Transitions in Surface Films 2 written by H. Taub and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advanced Study Institute (AS I) entitled "Phase Transitions in Surface Films" was held at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice, Sicily from June 19 to June 29, 1990. It reviewed the present understanding (experimental and theoretical) of phase transitions of surfaces, interfaces, and thin ftlms as well as the related structural and dynamical properties of these systems. From its inception, this ASI was envisioned as a sequel to one of the same title organized eleven years earlier by J. G. Dash and J. Ruvalds which was also held at the Ettore Majorana Centre. The previous ASI reflected the progress which had been made in understanding quasi two-dimensional (2D) states of matter, particularly adsorbed monolayers, and the phase transitions which occur in them. At that time, the field was barely ten years old. The modern field to which we are referring here can be traced to the landmark experiments of A. Thorny and X. Duval. Beginning in 1967, they published a series of papers presenting evidence from vapor pressure measurements of 2D phases of krypton and other gases adsorbed on polycrystalline (exfoliated) graphite. Their work led to a large number of thermodynamic and scattering experiments on physisorbed ftlms. This in turn motivated a great deal of theoretical interest in 2D systems and their phase transitions.
