Download or read book Platinum Nickel Nanowires as Methanol Oxidation Electrocatalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigated platinum(Pt) nickel (Ni) nanowires (PtNiNWs) as methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) catalysts in rotating disk electrode (RDE) half-cells under acidic conditions. Pt-ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles have long been the state of the art MOR catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) where Ru provides oxophilic sites, lowering the potential for carbon monoxide oxidation and the MOR onset. Ru, however, is a precious metal that has long term durability concerns. Ni/Ni oxide species offer a potential to replace Ru in MOR electrocatalysis. PtNiNWs were investigated for MOR and oxygen annealing was investigated as a route to improve catalyst performance (mass activity 65% greater) and stability to potential cycling. Our results presented show that PtNiNWs offer significant promise in the area, but also result in Ni ion leaching that is a concern requiring further evaluation in fuel cells.
Download or read book Oxidation of Platinum Nickel Nanowires to Improve Durability of Oxygen reducing Electrocatalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, the impact of heat treating platinum-coated nickel (Pt-Ni) nanowires in oxygen is examined to determine the effect on oxygen reduction (ORR) activity and durability. Pt-Ni nanowires exhibit promising ORR mass activities (3 times greater than Pt nanoparticles, 1.5 times greater than U.S. Department of Energy target) both before and after potential cycling for all but the highest annealing temperatures explored. The annealing of Pt-Ni nanowires in oxygen with increasing temperature is found to reduce surface area and ORR activity in comparison to the untreated material, but also reduces activity losses following durability testing. Following potential cycling, unannealed Pt-Ni nanowires show significant losses in surface area (23%) and specific activity (18%) while Pt-Ni nanowires annealed at 200°C show modest increases in surface area (2%) and specific activity (6%) after potential cycling. Increasing annealing temperatures also show a clear trend of decreasing Ni dissolution rates. While oxygen annealing has shown the ability to improve durability of Pt-Ni nanowires, significant Ni dissolution was observed in all samples and suggests oxide passivation while showing promise for improved durability, when employed by itself is insufficient to prevent all contamination concerns involving Ni dissolution.
Download or read book Platinum Nickel Nanowires as Oxygen Reducing Electrocatalysts and Methods of Making the Same written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aspects disclosed herein relate to methods for producing nanostructured metal catalysts that can be used in various alternative fuel applications.
Download or read book Nanowires written by Ram K. Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-03-14 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive resource covers the fundamentals of synthesis, characterizations, recent progress, and applications of nanowires for many emerging applications. Early chapters address their unique properties and morphology that enable their electronic, optical, and mechanical properties to be tuned. Later chapters address future perspectives and future challenges in areas where nanowires could provide possible solutions. All chapters are written by global experts, making this a suitable textbook for students and an up-to-date handbook for researchers and industry professionals working in physics, chemistry, materials, energy, biomedical, and nanotechnology. Covers materials, chemistry, and technologies for nanowires. Covers the state-of-the-art progress and challenges in nanowires. Provides fundamentals of the electrochemical behavior of various electrochemical devices and sensors. Offers insights on tuning the properties of nanowires for many emerging applications. Provides a new direction and understanding to scientists, researchers, and students.
Download or read book Low Platinum Group PGM Metal Catalysts Cooperative Research and Development Final Report CRADA Number CRD 16 649 written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High catalyst loadings and relatively high over-potential losses have limited the commercial viability of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Platinum-based catalysts are used in DMFCs with a loading of 4.5 mg cm-2; the catalyst layer is a significant contributor to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) cost, which accounts for 60% of the system cost. The large-scale commercial viability of DMFCs is dependent on a significant (~50%) cost reduction. If these cost goals can be reached, the current market can be extended from 100's of units to 10,000's of units. Currently, Oorja is using a platinum-ruthenium catalyst for methanol oxidation, but does not have access to a supplier able to develop low-platinum group (PGM) metal catalysts to reach DMFC cost reduction targets. Oorja has recently developed a small lab scale capability in fabrication and testing of DMFC membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), but does not have access to synthesis and characterization of advanced electrocatalysts. The materials, equipment, and expertise at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are of significant value to Oorja. NREL recently develop platinum-nickel nanowires as catalysts in hydrogen fuel cells. These materials have also shown promise in DMFC applications as a potential replacement for standard platinum-ruthenium catalysts; in ex-situ testing, these materials have shown one order of magnitude higher mass activity and can avoid ruthenium crossover contamination effects. These combined properties are exceptionally appealing to Oorja, and can result in significantly decreasing the capital costs of DMFCs.
Download or read book Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts written by Radoslav Adzic and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a science and technology of a new type of electrocatalysts consisting of a single atomic layer of platinum on suitable supports. This development helped overcome three major obstacles—catalysts‘ cost, activity, and stability—for a broad range of fuel cell applications. The volume begins with a short introduction to the science of electrocatalysis, covering four reactions important for energy conversion in fuel cells. A description follows of the properties of metal monolayers on electrode surfaces, and underpotential deposition of metals. The authors then describe the concept of Pt monolayer electrocatalysts and its implications and their synthesis by galvanic displacement of less-noble metal monolayers and other methods. The main part of the book presents a discussion of catalysts’ characterization and catalytic properties of Pt monolayers for the four main reactions of electrochemical energy conversion: oxygen reduction and oxidation of hydrogen, methanol and ethanol. The book concludes with a treatment of scale-up syntheses, fuel cell tests, catalysts’ stability and application prospects.
Download or read book Platinum ruthenium Nanotubes and Platinum ruthenium Coated Copper Nanowires as Efficient Catalysts for Electro oxidation of Methanol written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sluggish kinetics of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is a major barrier to the commercialization of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). In this study, we report a facile synthesis of platinum-ruthenium nanotubes (PtRuNTs) and platinum-ruthenium-coated copper nanowires (PtRu/CuNWs) by galvanic displacement reaction using copper nanowires as a template. The PtRu compositional effect on MOR is investigated; the optimum Pt/Ru bulk atomic ratio is about 4 and surface atomic ratio about 1 for both PtRuNTs and PtRu/CuNWs. Enhanced specific MOR activities are observed on both PtRuNTs and PtRu/CuNWs compared with the benchmark commercial carbon-supported PtRu catalyst (PtRu/C, Hispec 12100). Finally, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals a larger extent of electron transfer from Ru to Pt on PtRu/CuNWs, which may lead to a modification of the d-band center of Pt and consequently a weaker bonding of CO (the poisoning intermediate) on Pt and a higher MOR activity on PtRu/CuNWs.
Download or read book Fuel Cell Catalysis written by Andrzej Wieckowski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wiley Series on Electrocatalysis and Electrochemistry Fuel Cell Catalysis A Surface Science Approach A Core reference on fuel cell catalysis Fuel cells represent an important alternative energy source and a very active area of research. Fuel Cell Catalysis brings together world leaders in this field, providing a unique combination of state-of-the-art theory and computational and experimental methods. With an emphasis on understanding fuel cell catalysis at the molecular level, this text covers fundamental principles, future challenges, and important current research themes. Fuel Cell Catalysis: Provides a molecular-level description of catalysis for low-temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells, including both hydrogen-oxygen cells and direct alcohol cells Examines catalysis issues of both anode and cathode such as oxygen reduction, alcohol oxidation, and CO tolerance Features a timely and forward-looking approach through emphasis on novel aspects such as computation and bio-inspiration Reviews the use and potential of surface-sensitive techniques like vibrational spectroscopy (IR, Raman, nonlinear spectroscopy, laser), scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray scattering, NMR, electrochemical techniques, and more Reviews the use and potential of such modern computational techniques as DFT, ab initio MD, kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, and more Surveys important trends in reactivity and structure sensitivity, nanoparticles, "dynamic" catalysis, electrocatalysis vs. gas-phase catalysis, new experimental techniques, and nontraditional catalysts This cutting-edge collection offers a core reference for electrochemists, electrocatalysis researchers, surface and physical chemists, chemical and automotive engineers, and researchers in academia, research institutes, and industry.
Download or read book One dimensional Nanostructures for PEM Fuel Cell Applications written by Shangfeng Du and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One-dimensional Nanostructures for PEM Fuel Cell Applications provides a review of the progress made in 1D catalysts for applications in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. It highlights the improved understanding of catalytic mechanisms on 1D nanostructures and the new approaches developed for practical applications, also including a critical perspective on current research limits. The book serves as a reference for the design and development of a new generation of catalysts to assist in the realization of successful commercial use that have the potential to decarbonize the domestic heat and transport sectors. In addition, a further commercialization of this technology requires advanced catalysts to address major obstacles faced by the commonly used Pt/C nanoparticles. The unique structure of one-dimensional nanostructures give them advantages to overcome some drawbacks of Pt/C nanoparticles as a new type of excellent catalysts for fuel cell reactions. In recent years, great efforts have been devoted in this area, and much progress has been achieved. Provides a review of 1D catalysts for applications in polymer electrolyte fuel cells Presents an ideal reference for the design and development of a new generation of catalysts to assist in the realization of successful commercial use Highlights the progress made in recent years in this emerging field
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterisation of Platinum based Electrocatalysts and Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Methanol Electro oxidation written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methanol electrochemical oxidation reaction (MOR) catalysts are receiving great interest especially for the application in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Much interest in DMFCs development is focused on portable power applications, because DMFCs can be better miniaturised than other fuel cells. [partial abstract].
Download or read book Catalysis for Low Temperature Fuel Cells written by Vincenzo Baglio and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Catalysis for Low Temperature Fuel Cells" that was published in Catalysts
Download or read book Electrocatalysts for Low Temperature Fuel Cells written by Thandavarayan Maiyalagan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meeting the need for a text on solutions to conditions which have so far been a drawback for this important and trend-setting technology, this monograph places special emphasis on novel, alternative catalysts of low temperature fuel cells. Comprehensive in its coverage, the text discusses not only the electrochemical, mechanistic, and material scientific background, but also provides extensive chapters on the design and fabrication of electrocatalysts. A valuable resource aimed at multidisciplinary audiences in the fields of academia and industry.
Download or read book Nanoelectrocatalysts for Energy and Water Treatment written by Kumar Raju (Writer on nanostructured materials) and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials have recently garnered significant attention and practical importance for heterogeneous electrocatalysis. This book presents recent developments in the design, synthesis, and characterisation of nanostructured electrocatalytic materials, with a focus on applications to energy and wastewater treatment. Electrocatalytic nanomaterials can enhance process efficiency and sustainability, thus providing innovative solutions for a wide array of areas such as sustainable energy production, conversion, and wastewater treatment. Readers will gain insights into the latest breakthroughs in electrocatalysis and the activity of nanomaterials in energy conversion applications, e.g., fuel cells, hydrogen production, water splitting, and electro/photocatalytic water splitting, as well as for wastewater treatment. The book explores the development of advanced electrocatalysts, particularly hybrid materials.
Download or read book Titanium Dioxide Based Nanocomposites as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation Reaction written by Xiaoyu Yue and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With he fast-increasing energy demands and rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), as an alternate clean energy source, are becoming one of the most promising replacements for fossil fuels. DMFCs have several advantages including high specific energy, high energy conversion efficiency, easy to hand, easy to transport, and cleanliness for portable applications. Platinum (Pt)-based catalysts are the most widely preferred anode catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in DMFCs. However, the sluggish anodic kinetics, high cost of noble metals and unstable carbon supporting materials have hindered the wide application of DMFCs. Therefore, exploring and developing low-cost, high-performance, and durable anode catalysts have been the major challenge for the application of DFMCs. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most promising catalyst supports for MOR because of its abundant resources, low cost, and environmental friendliness. In addition, TiO2 has some vital characteristics for the potential application in DMFCs: (1) the strong interaction between metal and TiO2; (2) the good corrosion resistance and stability in severe electrochemical environment when compared with carbon materials; (3) the different morphologies can be prepared by different methods, which can provide large surface area using commercial processes; (4) the potential for photo-assisted DMFCs because of its special semiconductor properties. Although TiO2 has many merits as a catalyst support, the poor conductivity is still a disappointing problem. The combination of metal particles, carbon materials, and TiO2 has been considered as the promising pattern to improve its conductivity. Furthermore, most preparation methods are complexed and time-consuming, or need to use hazardous materials and procedures, and the catalytic performance is not satisfying. In this thesis, our research is mainly focused on exploring and preparing novel Pt/TiO2-C composites and non-precious metal TiO2/C/Ni catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction. In order to reduce the usage of noble metal Pt, we designed a double-shelled C/TiO2 (DSCT) hollow spheres via template-directed method. Pt nanoparticles are uniformly deposited by formic reduction method on the DSCT composite which performs as the catalyst support. This composite is named as Pt/DSCT hollow spheres. The Pt/DSCT catalysts exhibited high catalytic performance with a current density of 462 mA mg-1 for methanol oxidation reaction, 2.52 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C catalysts. The tolerance to carbonaceous poisoning (If/Ib ratio) has also been improved, resulting in better long-term stability than that of the commercial Pt/C in acid media. Although Pt/DSCT shows high performance in catalytic property and stability, the synthesis process is time-consuming and still needs to use Pt as active materials. In order to explore and develop non-precious TiO2/C based catalysts, we then designed and developed a new structured TiO2/C/Ni composite by a "one-pot" method, which is to carbonize the NiEGTi polymer under a reductive atmosphere (H2/N2, V/V= 5/95). After optimization of processing temperature, we found that TiO2/C/Ni-500 showed an excellent catalytic performance toward methanol oxidation reaction in alkaline solution. The as-synthesised TiO2/C/Ni-500 composite possesses a unique rice-shaped structure with a homogenous dispersion of Ni and TiO2 nanoparticles in the carbon matrix. This nanocomposite not only has the improved conductivity by carbon matrix, but also possess much enhanced anti-poisoning ability by addition of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The catalytic performances are closely related to the structure properties of catalysts, especially surface area. To further improve the non-precious catalyst, NiO/TiO2 rods were synthesized by decomposing NiEGTi precursors in ambient condition, which shows low catalytic performance towards methanol oxidation. We further mixed NiO/TiO2 thoroughly with graphitic carbon nitride (m/m = 1: 5) and followed by calcining the mixture at 700°C under N2 atmosphere. During the pyrolysis process, the Ni nanoparticles were formed and wrapped into carbon nanotubes. The novel structured TiO2/Ni-bamboo-like carbon nanotubes composites have been synthesised by this way. Compared with the NiOTiO2 rods, this unique structured materials with large surface area exhibit much better catalytic performance and long-term stability.
Download or read book Electrocatalysts for Low Temperature Fuel Cells written by Thandavarayan Maiyalagan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meeting the need for a text on solutions to conditions which have so far been a drawback for this important and trend-setting technology, this monograph places special emphasis on novel, alternative catalysts of low temperature fuel cells. Comprehensive in its coverage, the text discusses not only the electrochemical, mechanistic, and material scientific background, but also provides extensive chapters on the design and fabrication of electrocatalysts. A valuable resource aimed at multidisciplinary audiences in the fields of academia and industry.
Download or read book Nanostructured Conductive Polymers written by Ali Eftekhari and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-07 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a vital link between nanotechnology and conductive polymers, this book covers advances in topics of this interdisciplinary area. In each chapter, there is a discussion of current research issues while reviewing the background of the topic. The selection of topics and contributors from around the globe make this text an outstanding resource for researchers involved in the field of nanomaterials or polymer materials design. The book is divided into three sections: From Conductive Polymers to Nanotechnology, Synthesis and Characterization, and Applications.
Download or read book Alternative Catalytic Materials written by Justin S J Hargreaves and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many important industrial chemical processes rely heavily on catalysis and so researchers are always on the lookout for alternative catalytic materials that may improve existing processes or lead to new ones. Families of alternative catalytic materials currently being investigated include the carbides, nitrides and phosphides as well as amorphous boron catalysts. The addition of carbon, nitrogen or phosphorous to transition metals and the creation of boron-transition metal alloys leads to catalytic materials that have interesting properties, with applications in a range of different reactions, including electrocatalysis. This book provides a comprehensive account of the preparation, characterisation and application of these catalytic materials. It is an important reference for researchers and industrialists working in heterogeneous catalysis and materials chemistry.
