Download or read book Plastic Deformation and Effective Strain Hardening Coefficient of Irradiated Fe 9wt Cr ODS Alloy by Nano indentation and TEM written by Corey Kenneth Dolph and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The objective of this study is to characterize changes in the yielding, and effective strain hardening coefficient of an oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy upon exposure to irradiation. It is well known that irradiation produces a supersaturation of defects, which alters the mechanical properties of a material. In order to engineer materials for use in advanced nuclear reactors, the long-term effects of neutron irradiation on mechanical performance must be understood. However, high-dose neutron exposure is often simulated using ion bombardment. Unfortunately, ion irradiation results in a shallow damage layer that prevents traditional bulk mechanical characterization methods from being utilized. A technique with the ability to examine the thin film of irradiated damage is required to provide insight into the changes in yield stress, elastic modulus, and hardness. Nano-indentation experiments have thus become a powerful tool to analyze ion irradiated materials, but a thorough understanding of the plastic deformation that occurs during nano-indention is required to accurately interpret the results. In this work, a coupled experimental and modeling approach resulted in an understanding of the effects of irradiation on strain hardening in a model Fe-9wt%Cr ODS alloy. Nano-indentation was performed on the alloy before and after irradiation, either with 5.0 MeV Fe++ ions to 100 displacements per atom (dpa) at 400°C or with a fast neutron spectrum to 3 dpa at 500°C. Nano-hardness measurements reported similar hardening between the two conditions, which is supported by investigation of the microstructure. The size and shape of the residual plastic zone beneath nano-indents was characterized using transmission electron microscopy coupled with Automated Crystal Orientation Mapping (ACOM-TEM) techniques. A model developed from finite element analysis, using the spherical indenter approximation, was combined with the experimental results to calculate the effective strain hardening coefficient that resulted from irradiation induced defects. Results indicate a 39.2%, and 49.5% increase in strain hardening resulting from respective ion and neutron irradiation conditions, and a 10.9% between the two irradiations. The similar hardening yet slight variation in the effective strain hardening coefficient is thought to be due to the slight difference in the nature of the damage cascades developed under ion and neutron irradiation."--Boise State University ScholarWorks.

Download or read book Postirradiation Deformation Behavior in Ferritic Fe Cr Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been demonstrated that fast-neutron irradiation produces significant hardening in simple Fe-(3-18)Cr binary alloys irradiated to about 35 dpa in the temperature range 365 to 420°C, whereas irradiation at 574°C produces hardening only for 15% or more chromium. The irradiation-induced changes in tensile properties are discussed in terms of changes in the power law work-hardening exponent. The work-hardening exponent of the lower chromium alloys decreased significantly after low-temperature irradiation ((less-than or equal to) 420°C) but increased after irradiation at 574°C. The higher chromium alloys failed either in cleavage or in a mixed ductile/brittle fashion. Deformation microstructures are presented to support the tensile behavior.

Download or read book On the structure property correlation and the evolution of Nanofeatures in 12 13 5 Cr oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steels written by He, Pei and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2013-12-24 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Main objective of this work is to develop, by systematic variation of the chemical composition, and TMP, 14% Cr nano-structured ferritic alloys with significantly improved high-temperature properties compared to currently available ODS alloys. Application of state-of-the-art characterization tools shall lead to an integrated understanding of structure-property correlation and the formation mechanism of nanoparticles.

Download or read book Postirradiation Deformation Behavior in Ferritic Fe Cr Alloys written by PL. Gardner and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been demonstrated that fast neutron irradiation produces significant hardening in simple Fe-(3-18)Cr binary alloys irradiated to about 35 dpa in the temperature range 365 to 420°C, whereas irradiation at 574°C produces hardening only for 15% or more chromium. The irradiation-induced changes in tensile properties are discussed in terms of changes in the power law work hardening exponent. The work hardening exponent of the lower chromium alloys decreased significantly after low temperature irradiation (

Download or read book Ductility and Hardening of Neutron Irradiated Fe Cr and Fe Cr Ni Steels written by N. Igata and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fe-Cr and Fe-Ni-Cr steels are candidate alloys for fusion reactor materials. For future design it is important to clarify the general rules of mechanical properties for those alloys irradiated at higher fluence and at higher temperatures. In this investigation, to find general rules for irradiation effects, twelve kinds of commercial Fe-Cr and Fe-Ni-Cr steels were irradiated in JMTR. The total flux was 6 x 1025n/m2, and the irradiation temperature was 743 to 848 K. Yield strength, tensile strength, and uniform ductility at room temperature were observed for all specimens before and after irradiation, and work-hardening exponents were obtained from stress-strain curves of those specimens. In all cases, uniform ductility was equal to the work-hardening exponent, there was a close relationship between strength and uniform ductility, and there was no anomalous behavior in these alloy series. Further study was made of Fe-9Cr-2Mo steel, which was irradiated to 3 x 1026 n/m2 at 673 to 923 K in EBR-II. Electron micrographs for controlled or irradiated specimens were used for the analysis of the change of strength by irradiation. The strength and uniform ductility was interpreted from microstructural aspects.

Download or read book A Study on Microstructure and Properties of Fe xCr Alloys and Fe 9Cr Based ODS Alloys Processed Via Spark Plasma Sintering written by Arnab Kundu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fe-Cr based oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys are potential candidates for usage as nuclear fuel cladding material for the upcoming Generation-IV nuclear reactor, especially in liquid sodium cooled fast reactors. These high performance materials have many advantages since they possess remarkable mechanical strength at high temperature and outstanding irradiation resistance. Particularly, ODS steels known as nanostructured ferritic alloys have negligible swelling under irradiation, and equally excellent creep properties because of nano-reinforcements i.e. the nanometric oxides present in the matrix. Traditionally, ODS processing combines mechanical alloying (MA) followed by hot consolidation via hot extrusion and hot isostatic pressing. In the present study, the ODS alloys are produced by a combined route of MA and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). After consolidation, the effects of processing parameters including milling parameters and sintering parameters, on the microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of the milled powder and consolidated alloys are investigated. Once the suitable parameters are decided for the maximum compaction state for Fe-9Cr alloy, Fe-Cr alloys were produced with varying Cr content to understand the effect of Cr on the process of MA and SPS. Secondly, the effect of bimodal distribution obtained by various MA time has been observed after consolidation process. Finally, having understood the basic fundamentals of processing of Fe-Cr alloys, Fe-9Cr ODS was produced with addition of W and Ti and oxide particles as dispersoid phase. During the process of MA, the oxides get dissolved in the matrix and during consolidation process these oxides get precipitated as nanophases in the matrix thus resulting in the higher strength. In general, yttria (Y2O3) has been used as the oxide which is added to the Fe-Cr alloy system. Recently some work has been done on the addition of lanthana (La2O3). In this study, we have introduced a new oxide (CeO2) in the same amount (wt%) compared to Y2O3 and La2O3 to understand the effect of CeO2 on the ODS alloy. Powder and consolidated alloys characterization were performed using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties were evaluated using microhardness testing and mini-compression testing. Corrosion tests were conducted at room temperature in various to understand the nature of the oxide layer formed on the Fe-Cr and Fe-9Cr ODS materials. Mechanical alloying created high density of dislocations, vacancies in the powder and facilitated the nucleation of NCs. It resulted in faster densification behavior by initiating sintering at lower temperatures by lowering the activation energy for both grain boundary and volume diffusion. Maximum densification (around 98%) occurred at temperatures 1000 °C for a sintering time of 45 min at 80 MPa pressure for 10 h ball milled powder. Due to the combined strengthening mechanisms of work hardening, grain refinement, dispersion strengthening and solid solution strengthening, superior strength was achieved for the materials. On addition of alloying elements and the rare earth oxides, the presence of second phase particles like Cr0.875Ti0.125 is observed along with Ti-Cr-O-RE type precipitates which imparts high strength to the matrix both at room temperature an at elevated temperatures.

Download or read book Characterization of Minerals Metals and Materials 2019 written by Bowen Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-13 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection gives broad and up-to-date results in the research and development of materials characterization and processing. Topics covered include characterization methods, ferrous materials, non-ferrous materials, minerals, ceramics, polymer and composites, powders, extraction, microstructure, mechanical behavior, processing, corrosion, welding, solidification, magnetic, electronic, environmental, nano-materials, and advanced materials The book explores scientific processes to characterize materials using modern technologies, and focuses on the interrelationships and interdependence among processing, structure, properties, and performance of materials.

Download or read book Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors written by Pascal Yvon and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-27 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operating at a high level of fuel efficiency, safety, proliferation-resistance, sustainability and cost, generation IV nuclear reactors promise enhanced features to an energy resource which is already seen as an outstanding source of reliable base load power. The performance and reliability of materials when subjected to the higher neutron doses and extremely corrosive higher temperature environments that will be found in generation IV nuclear reactors are essential areas of study, as key considerations for the successful development of generation IV reactors are suitable structural materials for both in-core and out-of-core applications. Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors explores the current state-of-the art in these areas. Part One reviews the materials, requirements and challenges in generation IV systems. Part Two presents the core materials with chapters on irradiation resistant austenitic steels, ODS/FM steels and refractory metals amongst others. Part Three looks at out-of-core materials. Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors is an essential reference text for professional scientists, engineers and postgraduate researchers involved in the development of generation IV nuclear reactors. - Introduces the higher neutron doses and extremely corrosive higher temperature environments that will be found in generation IV nuclear reactors and implications for structural materials - Contains chapters on the key core and out-of-core materials, from steels to advanced micro-laminates - Written by an expert in that particular area

Download or read book Nanoparticulate Materials written by Kathy Lu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-25 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serving as the only systematic and comprehensive treatment on the topic of nanoparticle-based materials, this book covers synthesis, characterization, assembly, shaping and sintering of all types of nanoparticles including metals, ceramics, and semiconductors. A single-authored work, it is suitable as a graduate-level text in nanomaterials courses.

Download or read book Metallic Materials with High Structural Efficiency written by Oleg N. Senkov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-06-29 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fall of 1998, Prof. Sergey Firstov invited me to the Frantcevych Institute for Problems of Materials Science (IPMS) in Kyiv, Ukraine to discuss possible collaborations in the area of advanced metals research. During this visit, a strong mutual interest was evident in a broad range of structural metals technologies, and a quick friendship was established. Countless subsequent emails and a reciprocal visit to the U. S Air Force Research Laboratory by Prof. Firstov and a team of scientists from IPMS ensued to discuss and detail a broad collaboration in the area of structural metals. Two years after the initial visit, a major investment by the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) was established to pursue the technologies defined by these interactions. The annual reviews of the AFOSR Ukrainian Metals Initiative were held in late May, a most beautiful time in Kyiv when the lilacs are in bright display and the air is scented with the smell of falling blossoms from the chestnut trees that line the major streets and many parks. The sunny days and mild evenings provide a welcome break from winter, and on weekend evenings festive crowds spill onto the Khreshchatyk, Kyiv’s downtown boulevard, to listen to street musicians, watch jugglers and comedians, or simply to celebrate with friends. The annual reviews featured long days of intensive discussion of technical progress, followed in the evenings by the warm hospitality of the Ukrainian hosts.

Download or read book Sintering Applications written by Burcu Ertug and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-06 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sintering is one of the final stages of ceramics fabrication and is used to increase the strength of the compacted material. In the Sintering of Ceramics section, the fabrication of electronic ceramics and glass-ceramics were presented. Especially dielectric properties were focused on. In other chapters, sintering behaviour of ceramic tiles and nano-alumina were investigated. Apart from oxides, the sintering of non-oxide ceramics was examined. Sintering the metals in a controlled atmosphere furnace aims to bond the particles together metallurgically. In the Sintering of Metals section, two sections dealt with copper containing structures. The sintering of titanium alloys is another topic focused in this section. The chapter on lead and zinc covers the sintering in the field of extractive metallurgy. Finally two more chapter focus on the basics of sintering,i.e viscous flow and spark plasma sintering.

Download or read book Handbook of Generation IV Nuclear Reactors written by Igor Pioro and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-12-07 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Generation IV Nuclear Reactors, Second Edition is a fully revised and updated comprehensive resource on the latest research and advances in generation IV nuclear reactor concepts. Editor Igor Pioro and his team of expert contributors have updated every chapter to reflect advances in the field since the first edition published in 2016. The book teaches the reader about available technologies, future prospects and the feasibility of each concept presented, equipping them users with a strong skillset which they can apply to their own work and research. - Provides a fully updated, revised and comprehensive handbook dedicated entirely to generation IV nuclear reactors - Includes new trends and developments since the first publication, as well as brand new case studies and appendices - Covers the latest research, developments and design information surrounding generation IV nuclear reactors

Download or read book Nanostructured Metals and Alloys written by S H Whang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-03-22 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tensile strength, fatigue strength and ductility are important properties of nanostructured metallic materials, which make them suitable for use in applications where strength or strength-to-weight ratios are important. Nanostructured metals and alloys reviews the latest technologies used for production of these materials, as well as recent advances in research into their structure and mechanical properties.One of the most important issues facing nanostructured metals and alloys is how to produce them. Part one describes the different methods used to process bulk nanostructured metals and alloys, including chapters on severe plastic deformation, mechanical alloying and electrodeposition among others. Part two concentrates on the microstructure and properties of nanostructured metals, with chapters studying deformation structures such as twins, microstructure of ferrous alloys by equal channel angular processing, and characteristic structures of nanostructured metals prepared by plastic deformation. In part three, the mechanical properties of nanostructured metals and alloys are discussed, with chapters on such topics as strengthening mechanisms, nanostructured metals based on molecular dynamics computer simulations, and surface deformation. Part four focuses on existing and developing applications of nanostructured metals and alloys, covering topics such as nanostructured steel for automotives, steel sheet and nanostructured coatings by spraying.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Nanostructured metals and alloys is a standard reference for manufacturers of metal components, as well as those with an academic research interest in metals and materials with enhanced properties.

Download or read book Challenges for Coolants in Fast Neutron Spectrum Systems written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2020-07-30 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication evaluates the different coolant options considered for nuclear applications with a fast neutron spectrum (i.e. fusion, fission and accelerators), compiles the latest information in the field and identifies research needs.

Download or read book High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for the 21st Century written by Kevin Kendall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-11-21 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Second Edition, explores the growing interest in fuel cells as a sustainable source of energy. The text brings the topic of green energy front and center, illustrating the need for new books that provide comprehensive and practical information on specific types of fuel cells and their applications. This landmark volume on solid oxide fuel cells contains contributions from experts of international repute, and provides a single source of the latest knowledge on this topic. - A single source for all the latest information on solid oxide fuel cells and their applications - Illustrates the need for new, more comprehensive books and study on the topic - Explores the growing interest in fuel cells as viable, sustainable sources of energy

Download or read book Techniques and Applications of Hyperspectral Image Analysis written by Hans Grahn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-09-27 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Techniques and Applications of Hyperspectral Image Analysis gives an introduction to the field of image analysis using hyperspectral techniques, and includes definitions and instrument descriptions. Other imaging topics that are covered are segmentation, regression and classification. The book discusses how high quality images of large data files can be structured and archived. Imaging techniques also demand accurate calibration, and are covered in sections about multivariate calibration techniques. The book explains the most important instruments for hyperspectral imaging in more technical detail. A number of applications from medical and chemical imaging are presented and there is an emphasis on data analysis including modeling, data visualization, model testing and statistical interpretation.

Download or read book Wear written by Gwidon W. Stachowiak and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-14 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tribology is emerging from the realm of steam engines and crank-case lubricants and becoming key to vital new technologies such as nanotechnology and MEMS. Wear is an integral part of tribology, and an effective understanding and appreciation of wear is essential in order to achieve the reliable and efficient operation of almost any machine or device. Knowledge in the field has increased considerably over recent years, and continues to expand: this book is intended to stimulate its readers to contribute towards the progress of this fascinating subject that relates to most of the known disciplines in physical science. Wear – Materials, Mechanisms and Practice provides the reader with a unique insight into our current understanding of wear, based on the contributions of numerous internationally acclaimed specialists in the field. Offers a comprehensive review of current knowledge in the field of wear. Discusses latest topics in wear mechanism classification. Includes coverage of a wide variety of materials such as metals, polymers, polymer composites, diamonds, and diamond-like films and ceramics. Discusses the chemo-mechanical linkages that control tribology, providing a more complete treatment of the subject than just the conventional mechanical treatments. Illustrated throughout with carefully compiled diagrams that provide a unique insight into the controlling mechanisms of tribology. The state of the art research on wear and the mechanisms of wear featured will be of interest to post-graduate students and lecturers in engineering, materials science and chemistry. The practical applications discussed will appeal to practitioners across virtually all sectors of engineering and industry including electronic, mechanical and electrical, quality and reliability and design.