Download or read book Plasmonic Metamaterials for Active and Passive Light Control written by Danyong Dylan Lu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental study on plasmonics excites surface plasmons opening possibility for stronger light-matter interaction at nanoscales and optical frequencies. On the other hand, metamaterials, known as artificial materials built with designable subwavelength units, offer unprecedented new material properties not existing in nature. By combining unique advantages in these two areas, plasmonic metamaterials gain tremendous momentum for fundamental research interest and potential practical applications through the active and passive interaction with and control of light. This thesis is focused on the theoretical and experimental study of plasmonic metamaterials with tunable plasmonic properties, and their applications in controlling spontaneous emission process of quantum emitters, and manipulating light propagation, scattering and absorption. To break the limitation of surface plasmon properties by existing metal materials, composite- and multilayer-based metamaterials are investigated and their tunable plasmonic properties are demonstrated. Nanopatterned multilayer metamaterials with hyperbolic dispersion relations are further utilized to enhance spontaneous emission rates of molecules at desired frequencies with improved far-field radiative power through the Purcell effect. Theoretical calculations and experimental lifetime characterizations show the tunable broadband Purcell enhancement of 76 fold on the hyperbolic metamaterials that better aligns with spontaneous emission spectra and the emission intensity improvement of 80 fold achieved by the out-coupling effect of nanopatterns. This concept is later applied to quantum-well light emitting devices for improving the light efficiency and modulation speed at blue and green wavelengths. On the passive light manipulation, in contrast to strong plasmonic scattering from metal patterns, anomalously weak scattering by patterns in multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials is observed and experimentally demonstrated to be insensitive to pattern sizes, shapes and incident angles, and has potential applications in scattering cross-section engineering, optical encryption, low-observable conductive probes and opto-electric devices. Lastly, the concept of metamaterials is also extended to selective control of light absorption and reflection for potential solar energy applications. A high-performance spectrally selective coating based on multi-scaled metamaterials is designed and fabricated with 90-95% solar absorptivity and

Download or read book Active Plasmonics and Tuneable Plasmonic Metamaterials written by Anatoly V. Zayats and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, edited by two of the most respected researchers in plasmonics, gives an overview of the current state in plasmonics and plasmonic-based metamaterials, with an emphasis on active functionalities and an eye to future developments. This book is multifunctional, useful for newcomers and scientists interested in applications of plasmonics and metamaterials as well as for established researchers in this multidisciplinary area.

Download or read book Plasmonics and Plasmonic Metamaterials written by G. Shvets and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manipulation of plasmonics from nano to micro scale. 1. Introduction. 2. Form-Birefringent metal and its plasmonic anisotropy. 3. Plasmonic photonic crystal. 4. Fourier plasmonics. 5. Nanoscale optical field localization. 6. Conclusions and outlook -- 11. Dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguide components. 1. Introduction. 2. Design of waveguide dimensions. 3. Sample preparation and near-field characterization. 4. Excitation and propagation of guided modes. 5. Waveguide bends and splitters. 6. Coupling between waveguides. 7. Waveguide-ring resonators. 8. Bragg gratings. 9. Discussion-- 12. Manipulating nanoparticles and enhancing spectroscopy with surface plasmons. 1. Introduction. 2. Propulsion of gold nanoparticles with surface plasmon polaritons. 3. Double resonance substrates for surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy. 4. Conclusions and outlook -- 13. Analysis of light scattering by nanoobjects on a plane surface via discrete sources method. 1. Introduction. 2. Light scattering by a nanorod. 3. Light scattering by a nanoshell. 4. Summary -- 14. Computational techniques for plasmonic antennas and waveguides. 1. Introduction. 2. Time domain solvers. 3. Frequency domain solvers. 4. Plasmonic antennas. 5. Plasmonic waveguides. 6. Advanced structures. 7. Conclusions

Download or read book Active Plasmonics and Metamaterials written by Mohamed ElKabbash and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past two decades has seen considerable interest in Plasmonics and Metamaterials (P & MM); two intertwined fields of research. The interest is driven by matured nano-fabrication and characterization technologies and the limitations facing traditional photonics. While light cannot be squeezed beyond the diffraction limit, extreme light-matter interactions enabled the manipulation of light at length-scales much shorter than the wavelength of light. The prospects of plasmonics and metamaterials include subwavelength nano-photonic interconnects and circuits, light harvesting and solar energy, enhancement of linear and non-linear optical processes, sensing, ultrathin optical displays, structural coloring and quantum information and communication.The field of plasmonics studies all aspects related to structures that can support plasmons; oscillations of free electrons in metals. From this perspective, one can consider plasmonics as the field of metal photonics that studies light-metal interaction in the optical range. Metals are not subject to the diffraction limit since light is confined by coupling to electron oscillations, or plasmons, in the metal. Electromagnetic (EM) field can thus be confined on length scales comparable to the dimensions of the metallic nanostructure. On the other hand, Metamaterials are engineered materials that enjoy optical properties and functionalities beyond what natural materials can provide. Usually metamaterials are composed of different materials or structures that interact with light resulting in an emergent property due to the interplay of all the component materials and/or structures. In the optical range (visible and NIR), metamaterials heavily rely on metallic nano-structures as they allow for strong light-matter interaction at the sub-wavelength range. The strong field localization, however, comes at a cost; electrons scatter and absorb the localized field at the femtosecond timescale. The problem of strong optical losses in plasmonics and metamaterials with metal components is the major obstacle in applications and devices that require high efficiency, e.g. perfect lenses, clocking devices, and plasmonic transistors and interconnects. The confinement-loss tradeoff is what defines the future of P & MM [1]. As the field of plasmonics and metamaterials mature, the possible applications are adapting to the fundamental limitations of metal photonic materials. In addition to traditional, low efficiency applications of plasmonics, e.g., surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), other applications that does not require high efficiency, e.g., metal enhanced fluorescence and plasmonic rulers are promising. Furthermore, losses can be desirable in applications that require strong light absorption and/or heat generation such as thermo-photovoltaics, solar energy generation, thermal emitters, optical absorbers and structural coloring, cancer photo-thermal therapy, and heat assisted magnetic recording.Between low efficiency applications and applications where losses are desirable, one can envision a wide array of applications where the benefits of field confinement out-weigh the losses. In particular, an important consequence of strong field confinement is that changes in the surrounding EM environment can induce a strong change in the optical properties of a P & MM system. Such changes would result in an ultrafast, sub-nanosecond, response that can be useful in many applications. An active P & MM system is one where the existence of an external mechanical, electrical, thermal or optical stimulus modifies the system’s light-matter interaction. This thesis aims to explore various active P & MM systems. To design an active system one needs first to create a passive system that enjoys a certain feature which is a function of the EM environment. By introducing a change in the EM environment, we obtain a measurable change in the passive feature. The first part deals with active plasmonics, particularly, gain-plasmon dynamics. We study the ultrafast dynamics of gain-plasmon interaction and reveal an active plasmonic system where the spontaneous emission rate of a quantum emitter is dynamically modulated. The main objective of this thesis is to slightly uncover the richness of P & MM despite the existence of strong losses and beyond the traditional or loss-based applications. The second part of the thesis deals with metamaterials that exhibit tunable, strong to perfect light absorption and their application in hydrogen gas sensing as an example for their optical activity.

Download or read book Materials for Nanophotonics Plasmonics Metamaterials and Light Localization Volume 1182 written by Luca Dal Negro and published by . This book was released on 2009-11-19 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.

Download or read book Information Metamaterials written by Tie Jun Cui and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-18 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metamaterials have attracted enormous interests from both physics and engineering communities in the past 20 years, owing to their powerful ability in manipulating electromagnetic waves. However, the functionalities of traditional metamaterials are fixed at the time of fabrication. To control the EM waves dynamically, active components are introduced to the meta-atoms, yielding active metamaterials. Recently, a special kind of active metamaterials, digital coding and programmable metamaterials, are proposed, which can achieve dynamically controllable functionalities using field programmable gate array (FPGA). Most importantly, the digital coding representations of metamaterials set up a bridge between the digital world and physical world, and allow metamaterials to process digital information directly, leading to information metamaterials. In this Element, we review the evolution of information metamaterials, mainly focusing on their basic concepts, design principles, fabrication techniques, experimental measurement and potential applications. Future developments of information metamaterials are also envisioned.

Download or read book J L Nathansens Mindepokal udsat 1923 written by and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Controlling Light with Light written by Luke Harrison Nicholls and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Electromagnetic Vortices written by Zhi Hao Jiang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-29 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the most recent advances in electromagnetic vortices In Electromagnetic Vortices: Wave Phenomena and Engineering Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a cutting-edge treatment of electromagnetic vortex waves, including their theoretical foundation, related wave properties, and several potentially transformative applications. The book is divided into three parts. The editors first include resources that describe the generation, sorting, and manipulation of vortex waves, as well as descriptions of interesting wave behavior in the infrared and optical regimes with custom-designed nanostructures. They then discuss the generation, multiplexing, and propagation of vortex waves at the microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. Finally, the selected contributions discuss several representative practical applications of vortex waves from a system perspective. With coverage that incorporates demonstration examples from a wide range of related sub-areas, this essential edited volume also offers: Thorough introductions to the generation of optical vortex beams and transformation optical vortex wave synthesizers Comprehensive explorations of millimeter-wave metasurfaces for high-capacity and broadband generation of vector vortex beams, as well as orbital angular momentum (OAM) detection and its observation in second harmonic generations Practical discussions of microwave SPP circuits and coding metasurfaces for vortex beam generation and OAM-based structured radio beams and their applications In-depth examinations and explorations of OAM multiplexing for wireless communications, wireless power transmission, as well as quantum communications and simulations Perfect for students of wireless communications, antenna/RF design, optical communications, and nanophotonics, Electromagnetic Vortices: Wave Phenomena and Engineering Applications is also an indispensable resource for researchers in academia, at large defense contractors, and in government labs.

Download or read book Phenomena of Optical Metamaterials written by Ortwin Hess and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-12 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenomena of Optical Metamaterials provides an overview of phenomena enabled by artificial and designed metamaterials and their application for photonic devices. The book explores the study of active metamaterials with tunable and switchable properties and novel functionalities, such as the control of spontaneous emission and enhancement. Topics addressed cover theory, modelling and design, applications in practical devices, fabrication, characterization, and measurement, thus helping readers understand and develop new artificial, functional materials. Addresses disorder in metamaterials from the perspective of different viewpoints Introduces basic metamaterial modelling approaches and phenomena enabled by metamaterials Discusses the latest advances in metamaterials, including hyperbolic metamaterials, disorder in metamaterials, active metamaterials, quantum and atomic metamaterials

Download or read book Plasmon mediated Optothermal Control and Sensing of Nanoobjects written by Yaoran Liu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasmonic metamaterials and metasurfaces have shown their potentials in controlling light propagation with extraordinary abilities by exploiting the interaction between light and matter through surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) or localized surface plasmons (LSPs). Owing to the high materials losses in the plasmonic materials, plasmonic absorption of light can induce strong localized temperature increase at the resonance frequency. Thermoplasmonics have found in wide applications such as photothermal therapy, photothermal catalysis, solar energy harvesting and photothermal manipulation. This dissertation presents the plasmon-mediated optothermal control and sensing techniques by exploiting light-heat conversion and particle migration under a light-directed temperature field. Firstly, I have developed and demonstrated a novel tool to facilitate optical trapping. Secondly, I applied the optothermal trapping and printing method for diabetes sensing using plasmonic metasurface to improve the sensitivity. I demonstrated the first lab-on-a-chip biosensor for chirality detection and achieved high diagnosis accuracy over the conventional methods. Thirdly, I showed first-ever single cell rotational adhesion frequency assay to mimic in vivo cell adhesion mediated by the optothermal rotation. Fourthly, I conducted both analytic analysis and simulation to optimize the optical absorption of the moiré absorbers in the mid-infrared region

Download or read book Gain and Plasmon Dynamics in Active Nanoplasmonic Metamaterials written by Sebastian Marc Wuestner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical metamaterials are composite media that can be made to exhibit striking optical properties, some of which are not observed in nature, such as a negative refractive index. This advanced control over the electromagnetic response is enabled by subwavelength building blocks, most often based on metals. While metallic structural features provide the necessary resonant interaction with light, they also give rise to dissipative losses, which can interfere with the desired performance in applications. The incorporation of optical gain has emerged as a promising way to improve the loss-encumbered operation. It is this enhancement of metamaterials by gain, which is at the heart of this thesis. Three relevant topics will be considered: loss compensation, coherent amplification and lasing dynamics. The numerical studies presented here focus on the double-fishnet structure, a metamaterial exhibiting a negative refractive index at optical wavelengths. First, it is shown that loss compensation via optical gain is possible and that, in addition, it constitutes a practical means to overcome dissipative losses. Compensation of losses in combination with a negative refractive index is observed, disproving theoretical claims that rule out such behaviour. As a natural continuation, the characteristics above the threshold of amplification are investigated, i.e., when dissipative losses are overcompensated. By defining and analysing an effective rate balance, radiative outcoupling is found to be non-negligible. Hence, contrary to quasistatic predictions for nanoplasmonic metamaterials, a window of amplification opens. Beyond the regime of amplification, when gain exceeds both dissipative losses and radiative outcoupling, lasing instabilities occur. Nonlinear mode dynamics arise and it is shown that sole bright emission can be achieved despite the strong competition from a dark plasmonic mode. The numerical studies performed here shed new light on the complex physics arising from the nonlinear dynamic interaction of optical gain and resonant modes in nanoplasmonic metamaterials.

Download or read book Theorical and Experimental Study of Plasmonic Metamaterials for Infrared Application written by Fatima Omeis and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The control of light absorbance plays a fundamental role in today's photonic technologies. And the urge to design and develop flexible structures that can absorb electromagnetic waves is very growing these days. Usually, these absorbers relies on plasmonic resonances that arise in noble metals in the visible range. However, the extension of the plasmonic properties to the infrared and THz spectra requires adequate materials that have a metallic behavior at these frequencies. In this work, we study numerically and experimentally the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures realized from highly doped semiconductor Si:InAsSb that has a metallic behavior in the infrared range. In the second, part we improved the efficiency of the MIM resonators by using hyperbolic metamaterials that also miniaturize the resonators. In the last part, we propose an ultra-thin universal design that overcomes the material barrier so that the total absorption can be achieved for different spectral ranges without changing the material.

Download or read book Plasmonic Effects in Metal semiconductor Nanostructures written by Alexey A. Toropov and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most promising trends in modern nanophotonics is the employment of plasmonic effects in the engineering of advanced device nanostructures. This book implements the binocular vision of such a complex metal-semiconductor system, examining both the constituents and reviewing the characteristics of promising constructive materials.

Download or read book Active and Passive Plasmonic Devices written by Maziar Pourabdollah Nezhad and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the characteristics of dealing with photons is that many interesting and potentially useful optical phenomena happen on the scale of the wavelength or smaller. The interaction of light with structures in this size range has garnered a great deal of attention in the past few years, and has been aptly named 'Nanophotonics'. One of the goals in this field is to study the behavior of different material systems at the nanoscale, in order to create new photonic applications in different disciplines. Metal structures have been used as optical reflectors for many centuries. However metals are not only good reflectors of light. As we shall see, they have properties similar to a collection of free electrons with negative permittivity. This unique characteristic leads to extraordinary optical properties, which are collectively called 'plasmonic' and has led to the development of a corresponding branch of photonics, called 'Plasmonics'. In this work we will be focusing on various properties and applications of plasmonic materials and devices. We start by reviewing the basic properties of metals together with their plasmonic and optical characteristics. Following that we investigate the properties of metal gratings, with special attention given to subwavelength metal gratings and their application to polarization control. Also two novel devices based on these gratings are introduced. Then we address the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons on metal slabs and stripes. Specifically, the long range plasmon polarition modes are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Fabrication approaches for making devices that utilize these modes are presented together with optical characterization results. In addition, the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons in the vicinity of an optical gain medium is treated theoretically. Also, the properties of various gain media are reviewed and the practical implementation of gain assisted plasmonic devices is discussed. We also revisit the use of metals as reflection devices and discuss their application for creating subwavelength resonators. Using the results of this study, resonant nanoscale structures are proposed with the goal of creating nanoscale lasers emitting in the near infrared. In continuation, we explore the optical properties of metals at low temperatures, both theoretically and experimentally. The ellipsometric measurements carried out in this context suggest that it may be possible to enhance the plasmonic properties of metals by cooling them to cryogenic temperatures.

Download or read book Design and Optical Characterization of Anisotropic Plasmonic Metamaterials at Visible and Infrared Wavelengths written by Nikolaos Vasilantonakis and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of plasmonics studies the interaction of light and free electrons in metals, giving rise to excitation of surface waves, on a metallodielectric interface. One branch of plasmonics is the design of metamaterials in visible and infrared spectral range which are artificial structures designed to manipulate the propagation of light in a way not possible with conventional materials. This thesis is categorized in 3 main parts. The first part examines the effects of waveguided modes in Au nanorod metamaterial waveguides. It shows, both theoretically and experimentally, that these materials can be designed to control the sign and magnitude of modal group velocity depending on the geometry and polarization chosen exhibiting high effective refractive indices (up to 10) and have an unusual cut-off from the high-frequency side, providing deep-subwavelength (.\0/6 - ,\0/8 waveguide thickness) single-mode guiding. This allows slow light to exist in such waveguides in a controllable environment which is a critical factor for nonlinear and active nanophotonic devices, quantum information processing, buffering and optical data storage components. The second part discusses, analytically and numerically, strategies for biosensing and nonlinearity enhancement with hyperbolic nanorod metamaterials. It shows how the sensitivity of unbound, leaky as well as waveguided modes can be enhanced based on geometrical considerations. Additionally, refractive index variation of the host medium produces 2 orders of magni- 4 5 tude higher sensitivity compared to nanorod or superstrate refractive index changes. In certain configurations, both TE and TM-modes of the metamaterial transducer have comparable sensitivities opening up opportunities for polarization multiplexing in sensing experiments.

Download or read book Active Control of Surface Plasmons in Hybrid Nanostructures written by Sukanya Randhawa and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasmonics nanostructures are becoming remarkably important as tools towards manipulating photons at the nanoscale. They are poised to revolutionize a wide range of applications ranging from integrated optical circuits, photovoltaics, and biosensing. They enable miniaturization of optical components beyond the "diffraction limit'' as they convert optical radiation into highly confined electromagnetic near-fields in the vicinity of subwavelength metallic structures due to excitation of surface plasmons (SPs). These strong electromagnetic fields generated at the plasmonic "hot spots'' raise exciting prospects in terms of driving nonlinear effects in active media. The area of active plasmonics aims at the modulation of SPs supported at the interface of a metal and a nonlinear material by an external control signal. The nonlinear material changes its refractive index under an applied control signal, thereby resulting in an overall altered plasmonic response. Such hybrid nanostructures also allow for the creation of new kinds of hybrid states. This not only provides tools for designing active plasmonic devices, but is also a means of re-examining existing conventional rules of light-matter interactions. Therefore, the need for studying such hybrid plasmonic nanostructures both theoretically and experimentally cannot be understated. The present work seeks to advance and study the control of SPs excited in hybrid systems combining active materials and nanometallics, by an external optical signal or an applied voltage. Different types of plasmonic geometries have been explored via modeling tools such as frequency domain methods, and further investigated experimentally using both near-field and far field techniques such as scanning near field optical microscopy and leakage radiation microscopy respectively. First, passive SP elements were studied, such as the dielectric plasmonic mirrors that demonstrate the ability of gratings made of dielectric ridges placed on top of flat metal layers to open gaps in the dispersion relation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The results show very good reflecting properties of these mirrors for a propagating SPP whose wavelength is inside the gap. Another passive configuration employed was a plasmonic resonator consisting of dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguide ring resonator (WRR). Also, a more robust variant has been proposed by replacing the ring in the WRR with a disk (WDR). The performance in terms of wavelength selectivity and efficiency of the WDRs was evaluated and was shown to be in good agreement with numerical results. Control of SPP signal was demonstrated in the WRR configuration both electro-optically and all-optically. In the case of electro-optical control, the dielectric host matrix was doped with an electro-optical material and combined with an appropriate set of planar electrodes. A 16% relative change of transmission upon application of a controlled electric field was measured. For all-optical control, nonlinearity based on trans-cis isomerization in a polymer material is utilized. More than a 3-fold change between high and low transmission states of the device at milliwatt control powers ( ̃100 W/cm̂2 intensity) was observed. Beyond the active control of propagating surface plasmons, further advancement can be achieved by means of nanoscale plasmonic structures supporting localized surface plasmons (LSP). Interactions of molecular excitations in a pi-conjugated polymer with plasmonic polarizations are investigated in hybrid plasmonic cavities. Insights into the fundamentals of enhanced light-matter interactions in hybrid subwavelength structures with extreme light concentration are drawn, using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. This thesis also gives an overview of the challenges and opportunities that hybrid plasmonic functionalities provide in the field of plasmon nano optics.