Download or read book Plant pollinator Interactions in the Face of Global Change written by Megan O'Connell (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 80% of terrestrial plant species are dependent on animal pollinators to facilitate their reproduction and survival via pollen dispersal and pollen-mediated gene flow. With anthropogenic habitat destruction, urbanization, and climate change intensifying, the alteration and loss of pollination services may be one of the greatest threats global biodiversity faces today. Plant-pollinator interactions meet a myriad of synergistic challenges, both spatial and temporal, that impact their frequency and efficacy, ultimately altering the movement of pollen-mediated genetic diversity across landscapes and rendering tangible consequences for plant reproduction. Therefore, the ability for ecosystems to support diverse and robust pollinator communities, that can facilitate sufficient pollination services in quickly changing landscapes, may largely determine the future genetic health and survival of plant communities. The spatial impacts of land-use change and urbanization alter both density-dependent dispersal patterns and pollinator foraging behavior, while climate change may exacerbate these issues by further altering floral resource availability and foraging behavior temporally. To explore these dynamics we conducted extensive field surveys (Chapters 1, 2, 3), molecular analyses (Chapters 1, 2), and pollen analyses (Chapters 2, 3) across two systems: the tropical lowland forests of the Panama Canal region (Chapters 1, 2) and a network of urban gardens along the central coast of California (Chapter 3). We explored the scales at which pollen dispersal and pollen-mediated gene flow can be influence by deforestation (Chapter 1), finding measurable fine-scale effects in a multipaternal tropical tree species. We then added a temporal aspect to our tropical study system to explore how density-dependence may interact with climate change to impact pollination services after a plant-pollinator network experienced a discrete phenological shift (Chapter 2), finding that the distribution of genetic diversity and the robustness of plant-pollinator networks may play important roles in buffering plants from the negative effects of climatic extremes. We also investigated how the most extreme form of habitat degradation, urbanization, impacts pollinator foraging preferences across a network of urban gardens (Chapter 3), finding clear patterns of how pollinators utilize resource patches within cities as a function of the surrounding urban matrix and the richness of plant communities in these patches. Lastly, I present a portfolio of professional science media products I produced and/or co-produced throughout the course of my dissertation studies (Chapter 4), illustrating the importance of science communication for the fields of ecology and conservation, and the potential ways researchers can participate in the creation of compelling science media products
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Variation in Pollinator Communities and Plant pollinator Interactions at Different Scales written by Leana Zoller and published by . This book was released on 2023* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of wild plants and crops depend on animal pollinators for reproduction; hence, animal pollination is essential for maintaining biodiversity and ensuring food security. However, pollinators and plants currently face a variety of anthropogenic threats, including climate change. The impacts of climate change can be complex and operate at different spatial and temporal scales. This dissertation investigates dynamics in plant and pollinator communities and their interactions, as well as the potential effects of climate change on these dynamics, at different temporal and spatial scales. Specifically, (1) within the 24-hour period, (2) across more than a century, and (3) across a latitudinal gradient spanning 750 km. Each chapter presents significant findings, which are then synthesized, and the contributions of these findings to our overall understanding and for future research and conservation action are elucidated.
Download or read book Climate Change and Shifts in Flowering Time written by Nicole E. Rafferty and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characteristics and Hybridization of Important Intermountain Shrubs written by A. Clyde Blauer and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plants Pollinators and Global Change written by Susan M. Waters and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global environmental change is currently happening more rapidly than at any time known in Earth's previous history. The impacts of rapid biotic and abiotic change will affect multiple species interactions, including plant-pollinator interactions that are critical in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Invasion and climate-induced phenological shifts can have profound effects on plant-pollinator interactions that are not yet easily predicted given the current state of our knowledge. The research in this dissertation documents three ways global change will affect plant-pollinator interactions: (1) unexpectedly opposing effects of multiple shared pollinators on native and exotic plants (Chapter One); (2) surprising changes in interaction strength and direction resulting from unequal phenological shifting (Chapter Two); and (3) the emergence of new temporal patterns of floral resources in invaded communities (Chapter Three).
Download or read book CHANGES IN A POLLINATOR FOOD WEB IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE written by Melissa Seidel and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding responses of food webs to climate change is vital, especially when those food webs influence important ecosystem services, like pollination, valued at over $3 billion globally. Historically the focus has been on single factors (e.g. temperature) and mechanisms (e.g. change in mortality). However, global climate change is predicted to alter temperature and moisture simultaneously. Additionally, thermal and hygric physiological performance and species interactions are both likely mechanisms underlying food web responses to changing climate. The current lack of a synergistic, mechanistic understanding of how food webs respond to key aspects of global climate change is a major research gap. Here we questioned how changes in temperature and moisture may alter food web composition through filtering of sensitive taxa (physiological limits) or by modifying consumption (trophic interactions). We placed bumblebees (Bombus impatiens) and tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) in 32 mesocosms within a greenhouse in Bowling Green, OH in July 2018. We explored differences in fruit set and tomato quality by excluding half of the flowers from buzz-pollination via bags. Additionally, all mesocosms were categorized in four abiotic treatments (cool/dry, cool/moist, hot/dry, hot/moist), and were paired based on predator presence (with or without Green Lynx spiders (Peucetia viridans)).
Download or read book Plant Pollinator Interactions in a Changing Climate written by Jessica Rachel Keenan Forrest and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multitrophic Level Interactions written by Teja Tscharntke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-03-21 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the complex interactions between plants, their herbivores and natural enemies.
Download or read book Plants and Climate Change written by Jelte Rozema and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-19 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on how climate affects or affected the biosphere and vice versa both in the present and in the past. The chapters describe how ecosystems from the Antarctic and Arctic, and from other latitudes, respond to global climate change. The papers highlight plant responses to atmospheric CO2 increase, to global warming and to increased ultraviolet-B radiation as a result of stratospheric ozone depletion.
Download or read book Consequences of Climate Warming and Land Use Change for Plant Pollinator Interactions Including a Specialized Pollination System written by Sarah Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: the responses of plant-pollinator networks more broadly to land-use change, I collected plant-pollinator interaction data at the same sites varying in land use during a two-year study. Networks in urban and agricultural habitats showed evidence of less resiliency to environmental disturbances than networks in native ecosystems, but urban habitats had a high diversity of pollinators and floral resources in the early spring. Finally, I used a community science dataset to determine which plants are the most visited by bees, and I report the most observed bee taxa and unique plant-bee interactions. I use these results to provide planting recommendations for pollinator conservation efforts. Together, these studies enhance our understanding of the impacts of climate warming and land-use change on plant-pollinator interactions.
Download or read book Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on the Geographic Distribution of Plant pollinator Interactions written by Rachel L. Olson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant pollinator Mutualisms in the Face of Environmental Change written by Jess Gambel and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-pollinator mutualisms provide essential services to both wild and cultivated ecosystems across the globe. Yet these important interactions face many environmental threats that could impact the ability of pollinators to effectively mediate reproduction in plant hosts. Climate change is one such threat. Past studies have investigated how abiotic stress can lead to mismatches in phenology and distribution in plant-pollinator relationships, but less research has focused on the effects of altered environmental conditions on plant floral traits. This dissertation centers on the impacts that warming and drought stress have on the production of floral resources, how bee pollinators respond to those changes, and how plant reproduction is ultimately affected. For this work, we utilized the Cucurbita system, including both cultivated squash (Cucurbita pepo) and free-living gourd (C. foetidissima), which is pollinated by generalist honey bees (Apis mellifera) as well as specialist squash bees (Eucera). In Chapter 1, we examined how the combined effects of warming and drought altered the C. pepo system and found that water stress increased pollen limitation in bee-pollinated plants due to (i) decreased pollen competition caused by low--levels of stigmatic pollen deposition, (ii) reduced viability of pollen produced by plants grown under low soil moisture conditions, and (iii) a reduced capacity of self-pollinated fruits to increase seed set in response to increasing soil moisture. In Chapter 2, we investigated how generalist and specialist bees responded when given a choice between C. pepo plants grown at varying soil moistures, and discovered that only generalist honey bees increased visitation with plant soil moisture, thereby increasing deposition of pollen from well-watered plants and increasing seed set. In Chapter 3, we focused on comparing the effectiveness of honey bees and squash bees as pollinators of both C. pepo and C. foetidissima and assessed that, overall, squash bees removed more pollen, deposited more pollen, and contributed more to fruit set and seed set on both Cucurbita species. The results of this dissertation may be applied to other plant-pollinator systems and reveal that the contributions of generalist and specialist pollinators to pollination services may be impacted in an altered climate.
Download or read book Status of Pollinators in North America written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-13 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout North America. For example, most fruit, vegetable, and seed crops and some crops that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel depend on animals for pollination. This report provides evidence for the decline of some pollinator species in North America, including America's most important managed pollinator, the honey bee, as well as some butterflies, bats, and hummingbirds. For most managed and wild pollinator species, however, population trends have not been assessed because populations have not been monitored over time. In addition, for wild species with demonstrated declines, it is often difficult to determine the causes or consequences of their decline. This report outlines priorities for research and monitoring that are needed to improve information on the status of pollinators and establishes a framework for conservation and restoration of pollinator species and communities.
Download or read book Pollinators and Pollination written by Jeff Ollerton and published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-01-18 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique and personal insight into the ecology and evolution of pollinators, their relationships with flowers, and their conservation in a rapidly changing world. The pollination of flowers by insects, birds and other animals is a fundamentally important ecological function that supports both the natural world and human society. Without pollinators to facilitate the sexual reproduction of plants, the world would be a biologically poorer place in which to live, there would be an impact on food security, and human health would suffer. Written by one of the world’s leading pollination ecologists, this book provides an introduction to what pollinators are, how their interactions with flowers have evolved, and the fundamental ecology of these relationships. It explores the pollination of wild and agricultural plants in a variety of habitats and contexts, including urban, rural and agricultural environments. The author also provides practical advice on how individuals and organisations can study, and support, pollinators. As well as covering the natural history of pollinators and flowers, the author discusses their cultural importance, and the ways in which pollinator conservation has been portrayed from a political perspective. The book draws on field work experiences in South America, Africa, Australia, the Canary Islands and the UK. For over 30 years the author has spent his career researching how plants and pollinators evolve relationships, how these interactions function ecologically, their importance for society, and how we can conserve them in a rapidly changing world. This book offers a unique and personal insight into the science of pollinators and pollination, aimed at anyone who is interested in understanding these fascinating and crucial ecological interactions.
Download or read book Pollen insect Interactions written by A. J. Solomon Raju and published by Today and Tomorrow Publisher. This book was released on 2008 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mutualistic Networks written by Jordi Bascompte and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-12-08 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mutualistic interactions among plants and animals have played a paramount role in shaping biodiversity. Yet the majority of studies on mutualistic interactions have involved only a few species, as opposed to broader mutual connections between communities of organisms. Mutualistic Networks is the first book to comprehensively explore this burgeoning field. Integrating different approaches, from the statistical description of network structures to the development of new analytical frameworks, Jordi Bascompte and Pedro Jordano describe the architecture of these mutualistic networks and show their importance for the robustness of biodiversity and the coevolutionary process. Making a case for why we should care about mutualisms and their complex networks, this book offers a new perspective on the study and synthesis of this growing area for ecologists and evolutionary biologists. It will serve as the standard reference for all future work on mutualistic interactions in biological communities.
Download or read book Effects of Climate Change on Plants Pollinators and Their Interactions written by Gabriella Lynn Pardee and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
