Download or read book Plant Evolution Soil Ecosystems and Feedback written by Connor Fitzpatrick and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are inextricably linked to their environment. They can alter biotic and abiotic properties of soil ecosystems, which in turn can feed back to affect plant performance. My thesis explores this dynamic link between plants and soil at microevolutionary (within plant species) and macroevolutionary (between plant species) scales. In the microevolutionary half of my thesis I first test whether genetic variation, range-wide geographic trait clines and contemporary evolution in the focal plant species Oenothera biennis (Onagraceae) influence soil ecosystems. I found strong effects of plant genetic variation and evolution, but not geographic origin, on the structure of soil invertebrate communities and ecosystem processes such as soil respiration, litter decay and N mineralization rates. Finally, to understand how soil may be influencing plant evolution, I test whether variation in soil microbial communities can alter plant evolution across two common environmental stressors, competition and drought. I found that soil microbes drastically modify plant fitness, the expression of, and natural selection on flowering time. In the macroevolutionary half of my thesis I use a set of co-occurring plant species to investigate how evolutionary divergence over longer timescales influences plant-soil interactions. First, I conducted a multi-generational experiment to understand the drivers of plant-soil feedback (PSF) across 50 plant species. I found that evolutionary divergence and overall phenotypic similarity were poor predictors of soil feedback, however individual plant traits were strongly related to PSF. Next, I characterized the assembly and ecological function of the root microbiome across 30 plant species. Close plant relative exhibited high similarity in the diversity and composition of their root microbiota. Furthermore, patterns of root microbial recruitment among host plant species were related to PSF and plant drought tolerance. My thesis provides a unique evolutionary perspective on the reciprocal interactions between plants and soil.
Download or read book Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics of Plant soil Feedbacks written by Michael E. Van Nuland and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants interact with, modify, and are affected by their soil environments. Though plant-soil interactions are well known to be important and active regulators of ecosystem function and community structure, much less is known about how these interactions affect plant evolution. The primary goal of my dissertation was to examine plant-soil interactions under a range of ecological and evolutionary contexts to better understand patterns of biodiversity, ecosystem function, and whole system responses to environmental change. Taking such an eco-evolutionary perspective allows for a holistic understanding of the causes and consequences of complex abiotic and biotic interactions that link ecosystem ecology and evolution. In my first chapter, I reviewed what is known about genetic interactions between plants, soils, and soil communities, and in doing so, identified a new mechanism for how genetically based plant-soil feedbacks might emerge at large scales. In my second chapter, I used field observations and multiple experimental approaches to test whether soil N acts as a selective gradient on plant phenotypes, if soil microbial communities mediate the selective pressure, and whether plant genetic variation impacts soil N pools. In my third chapter, I developed climate and soil ecological niche models, combined with a new double quantile regression approach, to tests how traits are adapted or plastic at critical environmental limits. Finally, my fourth chapter examined how plant-soil interactions and feedbacks at landscape scales may influence range dynamics and associated ecosystem processes as species move upwards towards higher elevations with rising temperatures. Overall, my dissertation sought to bring an evolutionary perspective to ecosystem ecology research by investigating the genetic mechanisms and outcomes of plant-soil interactions.
Download or read book Plant induced soil changes Processes and feedbacks written by Nico van Breemen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book by soil scientists and ecologists reviews how and why plants influence soils. Topics include effects on mineral weathering, soil structure, and soil organic matter and nutrient dynamics, case studies of soil-plant interactions in specific biomes and of secondary chemicals influencing nutrient cycling, the rhizosphere, and potential evolutionary consequences of plant-induced soil changes. This is the first volume that specifically highlights the effects of plants on soils and their feedbacks to plants. By contrast, other texts on soil-plant relationships emphasize effects of soil fertility on plants, following the strongly agronomic character of most research in this area. The aspects discussed in this volume are crucial for understanding terrestrial ecosystems, biogeochemistry and soil genesis. The book is directed to terrestrial ecologists, foresters, soil scientists, environmental scientists and biogeochemists, and to students following specialist courses in these fields.
Download or read book The Next Step Disentangling the Role of Plant Soil Feedbacks in Plant Performance and Species Coexistence Under Natural Conditions written by Johannes Heinze and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Interactions in Soil Promoting Plant Growth written by John Dighton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates soil ecology and biodiversity for its ability to maintain a balance of beneficial organisms to support plant growth. This subject is discussed by a group of international authors in natural, agricultural and urban systems. The importance of biodiversity per se and, specifically, the feedbacks between the plant and soil biota in mediating soil function are emphasized. Examples are selected from allelopathy and invasive plant species along with the, hitherto overlooked, role of viruses in soil. The book is intended to provide a framework for a holistic understanding of the essential role of soil organisms in promoting plant growth.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Soil Ecology written by David C. Coleman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-08-11 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully revised and expanded edition of Fundamentals of Soil Ecology continues its holistic approach to soil biology and ecosystem function. Students and ecosystem researchers will gain a greater understanding of the central roles that soils play in ecosystem development and function. The authors emphasize the increasing importance of soils as the organizing center for all terrestrial ecosystems and provide an overview of theory and practice of soil ecology, both from an ecosystem and evolutionary biology point of view. This volume contains updated and greatly expanded coverage of all belowground biota (roots, microbes and fauna) and methods to identify and determine its distribution and abundance. New chapters are provided on soil biodiversity and its relationship to ecosystem processes, suggested laboratory and field methods to measure biota and their activities in ecosystems.. Contains over 60% new material and 150 more pages Includes new chapters on soil biodiversity and its relationship to ecosystem function Outlines suggested laboratory and field methods Incorporates new pedagogical features Combines theoretical and practical approaches
Download or read book Soils as a Key Component of the Critical Zone 6 written by Philippe Lemanceau and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils are environments where a myriad of different organisms evolve, determining a series of functions which translate into ecosystem services that are essential for humanity. Improving our understanding of these organisms, their biodiversity and their interactions with each other, as well as with the environment, represents a major challenge. Soil ecology has its roots in natural history. The ecological approach focused on soils is notable for integrating, at least partially, the contributions of soil sciences (physics, chemistry, biochemistry). By renewing methods of observation and analysis (especially molecular ones) and through the development of experimental approaches and modeling, an ecology connected with other soil-based disciplines emerges and begins to influence aboveground ecology. Soils as a Key Component of the Critical Zone 6 presents an updated vision of knowledge and research in soil ecology as a complex system from the best French specialists.
Download or read book Functional Plant Ecology written by Francisco Pugnaire and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-06-20 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following in the footsteps of the successful first edition, Functional Plant Ecology, Second Edition remains the most authoritative resource in this multidisciplinary field. Extensively revised and updated, this book investigates plant structure and behavior across the ecological spectrum. It features the ecology and evolution of plant crowns and a
Download or read book Microfloral and faunal interactions in natural and agro ecosystems written by M.J. Mitchell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MYRON J. MITCHELL* The biota of soils constitute an integral part of both natural and agronomic ecosystems. The soil microflora and fauna in conjunction with the belowground portion of the Metaphyta or higher plants constitute the living milieu, components of which are in intimate association with each other as well as the abiotic constituents of the soil. Since these associations or interactions are important in regulat ing both the flux and availability of energy and nutrients, the central theme of the present book focuses on these interactions. The effects of microfloral and faunal inter actions with regard to overall ecosystem dynamics and specific critical processes will be examined. HISTORICAL ASPECTS The coverage of this volume is an extension of a vast body of literature which dates back to the 18th century. A brief compendium of major books and reviews published from 1960 to 1983 is given chronologically in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. Russell (1961) has reviewed work in the 1800's during which some of the basic tenets on the relationships between plant nutrition and soil properties became estab lished. In this period agricultural science was founded and the study of soil bacteriology began. The evolution of soil biology up to the early 1970's has been described by Satch211 in the volume edited by Dickinson and Pugh (1974). *Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 2 ~ .
Download or read book Plants Invade the Land written by Patricia G. Gensel and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2001-02-14 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do we now know about the origins of plants on land, from an evolutionary and an environmental perspective? The essays in this collection present a synthesis of our present state of knowledge, integrating current information in paleobotany with physical, chemical, and geological data.
Download or read book Plants and Climate Change written by Jelte Rozema and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-19 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on how climate affects or affected the biosphere and vice versa both in the present and in the past. The chapters describe how ecosystems from the Antarctic and Arctic, and from other latitudes, respond to global climate change. The papers highlight plant responses to atmospheric CO2 increase, to global warming and to increased ultraviolet-B radiation as a result of stratospheric ozone depletion.
Download or read book Climate Mediates Geographic Patterns in Eco evolutionary Plant soil Dynamics written by Ian M. Ware and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unifying ecosystem ecology and evolutionary biology promises a more complete understanding of the processes that link different levels of biological organization across space and time. Feedbacks across levels of organization link theory associated with eco-evolutionary dynamics, niche construction, and the geographic mosaic theory of co-evolution. The work presented in this dissertation directly extends the integration of eco-evolutionary dynamics by 1) highlighting our current knowledge of eco-evolutionary feedbacks in ecosystems, to provide an improved synthesis and foundation for understanding the interplay between biodiversity and ecosystem function through an eco-evolutionary lens; 2) examining the hypothesis that climate-driven evolution of plant traits will have downstream consequences for associated soil microbiomes and ecosystem function across the landscape; and 3) examining genetically-based plant-soil feedback at the landscape scale to understand how variation in climate, soil microbiome function, and tree-driven soil conditioning interact to influence phenotypic variation in bud break phenology. The findings from this dissertation provides evidence that understanding the natural variation in genetic components of both above- and belowground portions of the plant-soil linkage are important for predicting patterns of divergence in ecosystem function in a warmer world. Cumulatively, this dissertation extends the field of eco-evolutionary dynamics by highlighting the interplay between ecology and evolution that governs the expression of phenotypes, patterns of community composition, and divergence in ecosystem function at spatial scales rarely appreciated.
Download or read book Aboveground Belowground Linkages written by Richard D. Bardgett and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-07-29 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aboveground-Belowground Linkages provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in our understanding of the roles that interactions between aboveground and belowground communities play in regulating the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, and their responses to global change. It charts the historical development of this field of ecology and evaluates what can be learned from the recent proliferation of studies on the ecological and biogeochemical significance of aboveground-belowground linkages. The book is structured around four key topics: biotic interactions in the soil; plant community effects; the role of aboveground consumers; and the influence of species gains and losses. A concluding chapter draws together this information and identifies a number of cross-cutting themes, including consideration of aboveground-belowground feedbacks that occur at different spatial and temporal scales, the consequences of these feedbacks for ecosystem processes, and how aboveground-belowground interactions link to human-induced global change.
Download or read book Revolutions that Made the Earth written by Tim Lenton and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth that sustains us today was born out of a few remarkable, near-catastrophic revolutions, started by biological innovations and marked by global environmental consequences. The revolutions have certain features in common, such as an increase in complexity, energy utilization, and information processing by life. This book describes these revolutions, showing the fundamental interdependence of the evolution of life and its non-living environment. We would not exist unless these upheavals had led eventually to 'successful' outcomes - meaning that after each one, at length, a new stable world emerged. The current planet-reshaping activities of our species may be the start of another great Earth system revolution, but there is no guarantee that this one will be successful. The book explains what a successful transition through it might look like, if we are wise enough to steer such a course. This book places humanity in context as part of the Earth system, using a new scientific synthesis to illustrate our debt to the deep past and our potential for the future.
Download or read book Soil Protists written by Stefan Geisen and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protists are by far the most diverse and abundant eukaryotes in soils. Nevertheless, very little is known about individual representatives, the diversity and community composition and ecological functioning of these important organisms. For instance, soil protists are commonly lumped into a single functional unit, i.e. bacterivores. This work tackles missing knowledge gaps on soil protists and common misconceptions using multi-methodological approaches including cultivation, microcosm experiments and environmental sequencing. In a first part, several new species and genera of amoeboid protists are described showing their immense unknown diversity. In the second part, the enormous complexity of soil protists communities is highlighted using cultivation- and sequence-based approaches. In the third part, the present of diverse mycophagous and nematophagous protists are shown in functional studies on cultivated taxa and their environmental importance supported by sequence-based approaches. This work is just a start for a promising future of soil Protistology that is likely to find other important roles of these diverse organisms.
Download or read book Soil Ecology and Ecosystem Services written by Diana H. Wall and published by . This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multi-contributor, international volume synthesizes contributions from the world's leading soil scientists and ecologists, describing cutting-edge research that provides a basis for the maintenance of soil health and sustainability. The book covers these advances from a unique perspective of examining the ecosystem services produced by soil biota across different scales - from biotic interactions at microscales to communities functioning at regional and global scales. The book leads the user towards an understanding of how the sustainability of soils, biodiversity, and ecosystem services can be maintained and how humans, other animals, and ecosystems are dependent on living soils and ecosystem services. This is a valuable reference book for academic libraries and professional ecologists worldwide as a statement of progress in the broad field of soil ecology. It will also be of interest to both upper level undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in soil ecology, as well as academic researchers and professionals in the field requiring an authoritative, balanced, and up-to-date overview of this fast expanding topic.
Download or read book Microbiomes of Soils Plants and Animals written by Rachael E. Antwis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a long history of co-evolution, multicellular organisms form a complex of host cells plus many associated microorganism species. Consisting of algae, bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists and viruses, and collectively referred to as the microbiome, these microorganisms contribute to a range of important functions in their hosts, from nutrition, to behaviour and disease susceptibility. In this book, a diverse and international group of active researchers outline how multicellular organisms have become reliant on their microbiomes to function, and explore this vital interdependence across the breadth of soil, plant, animal and human hosts. They draw parallels and contrasts across hosts in different environments, and discuss how this invisible microbial ecosystem influences everything from the food we eat, to our health, to the correct functioning of ecosystems we depend on. This insightful read also pertinently encourages students and researchers in microbial ecology, ecology, and microbiology to consider how this interdependence may be key to mitigating environmental changes and developing microbial biotechnology to improve life on Earth.
