Download or read book Plant Diversity Effect on Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Xinli Chen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a valuable natural resource, supplying goods and services for human benefits, including mediating global climate change and securing food production and environmental quality. Biodiversity loss across multi-taxa is at an alarming rate globally. Recent advances have been made in our understanding of the negative impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem production. The higher biomass production in species-rich communities is expected to enhance plant litter inputs to soils for SOC formation. Despite the critical importance of SOC and Rs in the global carbon and nutrient cycles, our understanding of the effects of plant diversity on SOC and soil respiration (Rs) remains equivocal. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide the first global-scale estimates of changes in Rs and SOC storage in response to global plant diversity loss, and to mechanistically understand the effects of plant mixtures on soil carbon dynamics. In my first study, I examined the global effects of plant litter alterations on soil carbon release. By presenting a meta-analysis of 100 published studies to examine the responses of Rs to manipulated aboveground and belowground litter alterations. I found that aboveground litter addition increased Rs, while aboveground litter removal, root removal and litter + root removal reduced Rs, respectively. Estimated from the studies that simultaneously tested the responses of Rs to aboveground litter addition and removal and assuming negligible changes in root-derived Rs, "priming effect" on average accounted for 7.3% of Rs and increased over time. My meta-analysis indicates that priming effects should be considered in predicting Rs to climate change-induced increases in litterfall. This analysis also highlights the need to incorporate spatial climate gradient in projecting long-term Rs responses to litter alterations.
Download or read book Soil Carbon Storage written by Brajesh Singh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-12 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Carbon Storage: Modulators, Mechanisms and Modeling takes a novel approach to the issue of soil carbon storage by considering soil C sequestration as a function of the interaction between biotic (e.g. microbes and plants) and abiotic (climate, soil types, management practices) modulators as a key driver of soil C. These modulators are central to C balance through their processing of C from both plant inputs and native soil organic matter. This book considers this concept in the light of state-of-the-art methodologies that elucidate these interactions and increase our understanding of a vitally important, but poorly characterized component of the global C cycle. The book provides soil scientists with a comprehensive, mechanistic, quantitative and predictive understanding of soil carbon storage. It presents a new framework that can be included in predictive models and management practices for better prediction and enhanced C storage in soils. Identifies management practices to enhance storage of soil C under different agro-ecosystems, soil types and climatic conditions Provides novel conceptual frameworks of biotic (especially microbial) and abiotic data to improve prediction of simulation model at plot to global scale Advances the conceptual framework needed to support robust predictive models and sustainable land management practices
Download or read book Plant Functional Diversity written by Eric Garnier and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological diversity, the variety of living organisms on Earth, is traditionally viewed as the diversity of taxa, and species in particular. However, other facets of diversity also need to be considered for a comprehensive understanding of evolutionary and ecological processes. This novel book demonstrates the advantages of adopting a functional approach to diversity in order to improve our understanding of the functioning of ecological systems and theircomponents. The focus is on plants, which are major components of these systems, and for which the functional approach has led to major scientific advances over the last 20 years. PlantFunctional Diversity presents the rationale for a trait-based approach to functional diversity in the context of comparative plant ecology and agroecology. It demonstrates how this approach can be used to address a number of highly debated questions in plant ecology pertaining to plant responses to their environment, controls on plant community structure, ecosystem properties, and the services these deliver to human societies. This research level text will be of particular relevance and use tograduate students and professional researchers in plant ecology, agricultural sciences and conservation biology.
Download or read book Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Werner L. Kutsch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon stored in soils represents the largest terrestrial carbon pool and factors affecting this will be vital in the understanding of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This book provides an integrated view on measuring and modeling soil carbon dynamics. Based on a broad range of in-depth contributions by leading scientists it gives an overview of current research concepts, developments and outlooks and introduces cutting-edge methodologies, ranging from questions of appropriate measurement design to the potential application of stable isotopes and molecular tools. It includes a standardised soil CO2 efflux protocol, aimed at data consistency and inter-site comparability and thus underpins a regional and global understanding of soil carbon dynamics. This book provides an important reference work for students and scientists interested in many aspects of soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles, policy makers, carbon traders and others concerned with the global carbon cycle.
Download or read book Assessing Carbon Stocks and Modelling Win win Scenarios of Carbon Sequestration Through Land use Changes written by Raul Ponce-Hernandez and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contains a methodology and software tools for assessing carbon stocks and modelling scenarios of carbon sequestration developed and tested in pilot field studies in Mexico and Cuba. The models and tools enable the analysis of land use change scenarios in order to identify in a given area (watershed or district) land use alternatives and land management practices that can both maximise food production, soil carbon sequestration and biodiversity and minimize land degradation. The aims is to develop and implement "win-win" options that satisfy the multiple goals of farmers, land users and other stakeholders in relation to food security, carbon sequestration, biodiversity and land conservation. The publication also contains a CD-ROM including three case studies and a Soil-C program demo, program and user manual.
Download or read book Aboveground Belowground Linkages written by Richard D. Bardgett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-29 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aboveground-Belowground Linkages provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in our understanding of the roles that interactions between aboveground and belowground communities play in regulating the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, and their responses to global change. It charts the historical development of this field of ecology and evaluates what can be learned from the recent proliferation of studies on the ecological and biogeochemical significance of aboveground-belowground linkages. The book is structured around four key topics: biotic interactions in the soil; plant community effects; the role of aboveground consumers; and the influence of species gains and losses. A concluding chapter draws together this information and identifies a number of cross-cutting themes, including consideration of aboveground-belowground feedbacks that occur at different spatial and temporal scales, the consequences of these feedbacks for ecosystem processes, and how aboveground-belowground interactions link to human-induced global change.
Download or read book On Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Species diverse Grasslands and Intercrop Systems written by Wenfeng Cong and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Dynamics and Earthworm Populations in Grassland Ecosystems of the Palouse Region written by Yaniria Sánchez-de León and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the effects of management practices, soil organisms and soil properties on carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation was the main focus of the research projects presented in this dissertation. I measured and compared carbon pools and processes in two important grassland ecosystems of the Palouse region of southeastern Washington and northern Idaho: native prairie remnants and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) set-asides. I found that carbon inputs were similar between prairie and CRP grasslands. However, root biomass and soil carbon concentrations were higher in prairie remnants. These results demonstrate that processes and carbon inputs in CRP sites have reached similar levels to native prairies, but belowground carbon pools are still larger in prairie remnants. The results suggest that efforts to promote carbon sequestration in these grasslands should be focused on increasing belowground carbon. I also characterized earthworm populations in native prairie remnants and CRP set-asides. I found that earthworm populations were composed mostly of European exotic earthworms in both grassland types and dominated by the exotic earthworm Aporrectodea trapezoides. A single specimen of the native earthworm, Driloleirus americanus was found at a prairie remnant. The results suggest that conservation priorities for native earthworms in the Palouse need to focus on habitat description, conservation and possibly restoration. Additionally, I measured the effect of the exotic-invasive earthworm Aporrectodea trapezoides on carbon dynamics using a microcosm experiment. I found that the presence of A. trapezoides did not have an effect on plant productivity, and that its main impact on carbon dynamics was through the formation of soil macroaggregates. These macroaggregates can physically protect carbon against mineralization. An additional collaborative study aimed at describing soil and site correlations with Palouse prairie plant communities confirmed that aspect and vegetation structure were significant predictors of plant species richness (R2 = 0.15) and plant diversity (R2 = 0.13). These results may help set research and biological conservation priorities for isolated and un-inventoried prairie remnants.
Download or read book Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions written by Richard V. Pouyat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.
Download or read book Plant Diversity and Biomass Dynamics under Environmental Variation written by Arshad Ali and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-25 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Use Intensification written by Saul Cunningham and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2012-07-18 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There can be little doubt that there are truly colossal challenges associated with providing food, fibre and energy for an expanding world population without further accelerating already rapid rates of biodiversity loss and undermining the ecosystem processes on which we all depend. These challenges are further complicated by rapid changes in climate and its additional direct impacts on agriculture, biodiversity and ecological processes. There are many different viewpoints about the best way to deal with the myriad issues associated with land use intensification and this book canvasses a number of these from different parts of the tropical and temperate world. Chapters focus on whether science can suggest new and improved approaches to reducing the conflict between productive land use and biodiversity conservation. Who should read this book? Policy makers in regional, state and federal governments, as well as scientists and the interested lay public.
Download or read book Effects of Plant soil Interactions on Grassland Carbon Dynamics in a Changing World written by Robert Kenneth Connell and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are a major conduit through which carbon moves between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere. The organic inputs from plants provide energy to soil microbes which fuels microbial extracellular enzyme production. Soil microbial activity determines the proportion of plant organic inputs that remains stored in soil as organic matter or is mineralized and released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Plant-soil interactions are, therefore, a critical driver of terrestrial carbon cycling. We live in an era of human-driven change which affects every aspect of ecosystem functioning, so it is critical to understand how different global change factors modulate the plant-soil interactions that influence carbon cycling. In this dissertation I focus on the effects of four specific global change factors on plant-soil interactions in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem: (1) land-use change (i.e., fire suppression and bison removal), (2) woody encroachment, (3) plant invasion, and (4) nutrient enrichment. The overall conclusion from my dissertation research is that all four of these global change factors alter plant-soil interactions in ways that change the storage or turnover of soil carbon. First, long-term fire suppression and/or bison exclusion increases soil C content over time. This change in soil C content is associated with an increase in woody plants in the case of fire suppression or an increase in the dominance of warm-season grasses in the case of bison exclusion under a frequent fire regime. Second, potential C mineralization rates under clonal woody shrubs is higher when the microbial community is decomposing proportionally more shrub-derived organic matter, suggesting that the rate of soil C flux may be dependent on how long the soil has been occupied by woody species. Third, the invasive grass Bromus inermis induces legacy effects on soil microbial community composition and soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition rates. These legacy effects persist for at least six months post-invasive grass removal. Finally, phosphorus fertilization stimulates the rate of SOM decomposition in soil undergoing woody encroachment, but nitrogen fertilization does not. Collectively, these results suggest that the effects of many global change factors on carbon cycling is dependent on spatiotemporal context and historical factors. Additionally, since each of the global change factors I studied affected carbon cycling independently, it will be important to study the combined effects of multiple global change factors acting simultaneously in order to better predict how carbon cycles through terrestrial ecosystems as the world continues to change.
Download or read book Influence of Plant Diversity on Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Microbial Transformation of Organic Carbon in Soils written by Maike Habekost and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water and Carbon Dynamics Ecosystem Stability of Forest and Grassland in Response to Climate Change written by Xiaoming Kang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-04-15 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest and grassland ecosystems are the most important carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems. They can maintain or enhance carbon stocks and sinks in biomass, and play vital roles in mitigating climate change. China is taking action to achieve its carbon peak and carbon-neutral targets. Climate change, particularly the increase in the frequency, severity, and extent of drought, will affect the stability of the forest and grassland. How forests and grassland mitigate and adapt to climate change is still a challenge. Exploring the response of the forest and grassland to extreme climate events contributes to improving vegetation quality and enhancing the ability to respond to climate change.
Download or read book Plant Diversity Patterns and Drivers written by Qing Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-09-20 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity can provide a series of important ecosystem functions and ecosystem services, which meet the needs of human beings. Plants are the biological group with the highest carbon content on earth, their diversity has attracted increased attention. The interpretation of plant diversity patterns and drivers is crucial for the conservation and utilization of plant resources and is also one of the hot topics in plant science and ecology. There are already many studies on the patterns and drivers of plant diversity, including different diversity dimensions (e.g., taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity) and spatial scales (different plots/sites, watershed, country, continent, and globe). The mechanisms underlying plant diversity patterns are also quite complex. For example, many hypotheses are related to contemporary climate and soil conditions, with temperature, precipitation, and soil nutrient being the most discussed drivers. In addition, paleoclimate and geological events may also have a strong legacy on current plant diversity patterns. Except for these natural factors, many anthropogenic activities, including agriculture, deforestation, grazing, urbanization, and coal mining, are also important drivers of plant diversity. These anthropogenic activities can affect plant diversity patterns not only directly, but also indirectly through their effects on habitat loss and habitat fragmentation. Therefore, the current plant diversity patterns are the result of many interacting factors and need to be interpreted from a more comprehensive perspective. This Research Topic will therefore provide a platform for sufficient communication, aiming to integrate the research from different fields and deepen the understanding of the patterns and drivers of plant diversity. We encourage the submission of theoretical and experimental studies on different plant groups, such as seed plants, ferns, mosses, and algae. Studies based on new methods and technology (such as genomics and drones) are also welcomed. We welcome the following specific topics: • Effects of historical factors (such as paleoclimate, geological events) on plant diversity; • Plant diversity that driven by contemporary climate and anthropogenic activities; • The effect of habitat loss and fragmentation on plant diversity; • New methods of research on the patterns and drivers of plant diversity.
Download or read book Soil Carbon written by Steven A Banwart and published by CABI. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the essential evidence and policy opportunities regarding the global importance of soil carbon for sustaining Earth's life support system for humanity. Covering the science and policy background for this important natural resource, it describes land management options that improve soil carbon status and therefore increase the benefits that humans derive from the environment. Written by renowned global experts, it is the principal output from a SCOPE rapid assessment process project.
Download or read book Soil Fauna Assemblages written by Uffe N. Nielsen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A holistic overview of soil fauna, their contributions to ecosystem function, and implications of global change belowground.
