Download or read book Vascular Biology of the Placenta written by Yuping Wang and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall, thereby allowing nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply. Proper vascular development in the placenta is fundamental to ensuring a healthy fetus and successful pregnancy. This book provides an up-to-date summary and synthesis of knowledge regarding placental vascular biology and discusses the relevance of this vascular bed to the functions of the human placenta.
Download or read book Placental Vascularization and Blood Flow written by R.K. Miller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The optimal function of the placenta and thus fetal well being largely depends upon the integrity of both the fetal and maternal circulations of the placenta. Intense basic research concerned with placental vascularization and blood flow has been performed for the past 30 years, beginning with the classical morphological descriptions of the placental vessels by Boe (1953) and Arts (1961), as well as with the radioangiographic studies of maternal placental circulation in the human by Borell (1958) and in the rhesus monkey by Ramsey (1962). The scientific framework presented by these investigators has been filled and completed by numerous investigators, leading to more morphological details, functional considerations, and pathological understanding. For an extended period of time, this research has been of primarily academic interest by increasing our insights into one important system of the placenta, yet having nearly no practical importance. Recently, this situation has changed dramatically: in vitro studies of the isolated, dually perfused human placenta and in vivo studies of placental circulation for diagnostic purposes have raised an enormous interest in basic research data. New methods like Doppler Ultrasound and NMR became available. These technics have enabled the obstetrician to study fetal and placental hemodynamics in vivo. Meanwhile, such methods are becoming incorporated into the daily obstetrical routine, to some degree without an adequate background knowledge of placental vascularization and blood flow, since such experience is currently available to only a small group of experts.
Download or read book Placental Vascularization and Blood Flow written by R. K. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2014-09-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Placental Bed Disorders written by Robert Pijnenborg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-03 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now recognized that defective placentation in the human is a cause of many pregnancy complications, such as spontaneous abortion, preterm labor and delivery, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal death and abruptio placenta. These clinical disorders can often have long-term consequences into adulthood, causing cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes for the newborn as well as an increased risk of premature death in the mother. This is the first book to be entirely focused on the placental bed, bringing together the results of basic and clinical research in cell biology, immunology, endocrinology, pathology, genetics and imaging to consolidate in a single, informative source for investigators and clinicians. Its core aim is to explore new approaches and improve current clinical practice. This is essential reading for clinicians in obstetric, cardiovascular and reproductive medicine.
Download or read book Vascular Remodeling at the Maternal fetal Interface Placental Interactions with Uterine Blood Vessels and the Lymphatic Circulation During Pregnancy written by Kristy Red-Horse and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The placenta induces important vascular changes in the uterus during pregnancy that allow the mother to adequately support growth and development of the embryo/fetus. Specifically, the uterine vasculature must incorporate the placenta into the maternal circulation facilitating mechanical attachment and nutrient/waste exchange. As they invade the uterine wall, placental cytotrophoblasts remodel resident blood vessels in a manner that channels maternal blood to and from the placenta. Although both sides of the circulation are involved in this process, remodeling is biased towards uterine spiral arterioles. An ultrastructural (scanning electron microscopy) study that was completed as a part of this thesis dramatically illustrates the unusual nature of this process.
Download or read book Respiratory Disease in Pregnancy written by Stephen E. Lapinsky and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Respiratory diseases affect a large proportion of the population and can cause complications when associated with pregnancy. Pregnancy induces profound anatomical and functional physiological changes in the mother, and subjects the mother to pregnancy-specific respiratory conditions. Reviewing respiratory conditions both specific and non-specific to pregnancy, the book also addresses related issues such as smoking and mechanical ventilation. Basic concepts for the obstetrician are covered, including patient history, physiology and initial examinations. Topics such as physiological changes during pregnancy and placental gas exchange are discussed for the non-obstetrician. Guidance is practical, covering antenatal and post-partum care, as well as management in the delivery suite. An essential guide to respiratory diseases in pregnancy, this book is indispensable to both obstetricians and non-obstetric physicians managing pregnant patients.
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Obstetric Anaesthesia written by Vicki Clark and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 1017 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides an up-to-date summary of the scientific basis, assessment for and provision of anaesthesia throughout pregnancy and labour. It is divided into nine sections including physiology, assessment, complications and systemic disease.
Download or read book The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming written by Graham J. Burton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developmental programming is a rapidly advancing discipline of great importance to basic scientists and health professionals alike. This text integrates, for the first time, contributions from world experts to explore the role of the placenta in developmental programming. The book considers the materno-fetal supply line, and how perturbations of placental development impact on its functional capacity. Chapters examine ways in which environmental, immunological and vascular insults regulate expression of conventional and imprinted genes, along with their impact on placental shape and size, transport, metabolism and endocrine function. Research in animal models is integrated with human clinical and epidemiological data, and questions for future research are identified. Transcripts of discussions between the authors allow readers to engage with controversial issues. Essential reading for researchers in placental biology and developmental programming, as well as specialists and trainees in the wider field of reproductive medicine.
Download or read book Shear Stress and Oxygen in Placental Vascular Development written by Win Min Tun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The placenta is an essential organ for a successful pregnancy as it develops to establish effective fetal and maternal blood supplies and materno-fetal gas exchange, both of which are crucial for fetal growth. Abnormal development of the structural components of the placenta are known to be associated with pregnancy complications including fetal growth restriction (FGR) and pre-eclampsia. The overall aim of this thesis is to understand how the placental structural aberrations observed in FGR pregnancies impact placental haemodynamics and materno-fetal gas exchange. In order to accomplish this aim, both in silico and in vitro experimental models are employed to analyse the interactions between placental structure and function in normal and FGR pregnancies.The thesis commences with an in silico study which aims to predict how the structure of the placenta impacts on the mechanical shear stress sensed by endothelial cells that form the walls of placental capillaries. A computational model of feto-placental circulation,with structure parameterised with previously published morphometric data from normal and FGR pregnancies, was used to predict placental microvascular blood flow and shear stress in normal and FGR placentae. The model predicts an elevated microvascular shear stress in FGR placentae in comparison to normal placentae and that the main parameters influencing the elevated shear stress in FGR placentae are placental volume, vascular density, radius and length of individual vascular branches. Shear stress cannot be directly measured in vivo, however, the anatomical model of the placenta considered here provides the first predictions of the magnitude and distribution of shear stress in normal and FGR placentae. The next step is to determine whether this mechanical stress can impact on endothelial cell behaviours. Using an in vitro shear stress experiment, the predicted placental microvascular shear stresses were applied to vascular endothelial cells. These endothelial cells migrated more slowly and more persistently when they were exposed to the shear stresses of FGR conditions, suggesting that normal function of endothelial cells is impaired in FGR placentae, compromising the process of blood vessel formation. We, therefore, propose a vicious cycle in FGR pregnancy, where the elevated shear stress resulting from abnormal vascular structure undermines blood vessel formation, aggravating pre-existing vascular structure abnormalities. The morphology based feto-placental haemodynamic model is extended in two ways. First the model is extended to provide a complete model of the entire fetal circulation. This allows prediction of scenarios relevant to fetal survival in a multi-scale approach, including the interaction between fetal blood pressures, cardiac output and the shear stress in the placental capillaries. Using data from the literature we explore the impact of placental resistance due to structural abnormalities on fetal cardiac function. Then, we take steps toward a personalised approach to modelling the feto-placental circulation by analysing the chorionic vascular network in normal and FGR placentae. We confirm that this network contributes to overall placental resistance in individuals, and quantify how the characteristics of this network impact on placental function in FGR. Finally, in order to understand how the placental villous structure affects on placental exchange function, a 3D computational model of placenta representing the whole organ has been developed. Normal and FGR villous structure were parameterised as reported in previous morphometric studies. The reduced villous density in FGR placentae negatively impacts the maternal blood flow velocity into intervillous space (IVS), resulting in impaired materno-fetal gas exchange and fetal growth.This thesis demonstrates the influence of placental villous and vascular structure on placental vascular shear stress and materno-fetal oxygen exchange, and contributes to the understanding of the pathophysiology of fetal growth in FGR pregnancies. It provides a concept that the in vivo physiological data, that are difficult to assess, could be predicted by developing a replica of biological system computationally.
Download or read book The Human Placenta written by C. Redman and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1993-01-18 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The placenta is fascinating and complex. Basically foreign to the maternal body, it can be thought of as an organ transplanted onto the mother's host tissue. As such it embodies all the principles of tissue acceptance and rejection. Many of the risks of pregnancy and labor have now been eliminated and the placenta is likely to be at the root of many of the dangers to the unborn child that remain. A breakdown of the relationship between the placenta and the maternal tissue may turn out to be the cause of the majority of early lost pregnancies.
Download or read book Endocrinology of Pregnancy written by Fuller W. Bazer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, cutting-edge review of the complex interactions between maternal and fetal-placental tissues that control the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, the proper development of the fetus, the birth process, and the behavioral aspects of bonding between mother and newborn. Expert researchers review the endocrine and physiological events that culminate in the delivery of offspring, and provide a solid base of comparative information on the menstrual cycle of primates, including humans. They also discuss the sources and functions of both steroid and protein hormones from the placenta and the details of their effects on uterine function, placental development, fetal growth and well-being, and maternal responses to pregnancy. This book will become the standard reference source not only for reproductive scientists, but also for those clinicians who want better to understand the complex factors that affect pregnancy-and their pregnant patients.
Download or read book Handbook of CTG Interpretation written by Edwin Chandraharan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-23 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical manual promotes an evidence-based paradigm of fetal heart rate monitoring during labour, moving away from the traditional 'pattern-based' interpretation to physiology-based interpretation. Aimed at obstetricians and midwives, it is useful to all those involved in multiprofessional intrapartum care.
Download or read book Placental Pathology written by Frederick T. Kraus and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Divided into fourteen chapters and an appendix and with 490 illustrations, this volume includes the structure and function of the normal placenta before reviewing the major disorders and lesions which occur as complications of a normal pregnancy and delivery. It provides an expert comprehensive review of diseases of the placenta.
Download or read book Placental Fetal Growth Restriction written by Christoph Lees and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-31 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master the effective evaluation, analysis and management of placental-fetal growth restriction (PFGR), reducing the risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity in patients worldwide. Extensively researched by international experts, this manual provides practitioners with a detailed, hands-on approach to the practical 'pearls' for direct patient management. This authoritative volume advises on matters such as the correct evaluation and management of high-risk patients in danger of PFGR through to delivery. Extensive and wide-ranging, this book is an invaluable companion to the developing research interest and clinical applications in PFGR, including developmental outcomes in early childhood. Featuring a critical evaluation of a variety of abnormal conditions, such as fetal hypoxia, which are clearly displayed through extensive illustrations. This essential toolkit ensures that practitioners of all levels can effectively limit the risk of mortality and morbidity, and reach the correct diagnosis, first-time.
Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Download or read book The Guide to Investigation of Mouse Pregnancy written by B. Anne Croy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-09 with total page 829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Guide to Investigation of Mouse Pregnancy is the first publication to cover the mouse placenta or the angiogenic tree the mother develops to support the placenta. This much-needed resource covers monitoring of the cardiovascular system, gestational programming of chronic adult disease, epigenetic regulation, gene imprinting, and stem cells. Offering detailed and integrated information on how drugs, biologics, stress, and manipulations impact pregnancy in the mouse model, this reference highlights techniques used to analyze mouse pregnancy. Joining the ranks of much referenced mouse resources, The Guide to Investigation of Mouse Pregnancy is the only manual providing needed content on pregnancy in animal models for translational medicine and research. Provides instruction on how to collect pre-clinical data on pregnancy in mouse models for eventual use in human applications Describes the angiogenic tree the mother’s uterus develops to support pregnancy and the monitoring of pregnancy-induced cardiovascular changes Educates readers on placental cell lineages, decidual development including immune cells, epigenetic regulation, gene imprinting, stem cells, birth and lactation Discusses how stress, environmental toxicants and other manipulations impact upon placental function and pregnancy success
Download or read book Benirschke s Pathology of the Human Placenta written by Rebecca N. Baergen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book had its beginning in 1967 when Shirley G. Driscoll and Kurt Benirschke wrote in English the volume on placental pathology for the Henke-Lubarsch, the noted German Handbook of Pathology. There seemed to be a need for wider distribution of the text and it was reprinted by Springer Verlag, New York, essentially the only book available devoted just to the human placenta. Dr. Benirschke authored 5 subsequent editions in collaboration with Peter Kaufmann, Rebecca Baergen and Graham Burton in 1990 (2nd edition), 1995 (3rd edition), 2000 (4th edition), 2006 (5th edition) and 2012 (6th edition). In the early editions, the most important material was in a larger font than the extensive review of exceptions and the discussion in the literature. Since 1967, many other shorter placenta books have been published in English, French and German. None of these have included the breadth of discussion or the voluminous references which includes details of many historic articles, not readily available. Interest in the placenta has wildly expanded over the intervening 50+ years with the vast majority of Pathologists, Obstetricians and Pediatricians recognizing its value. In addition, there are now quite a few new journals, societies and meetings devoted to the placenta in both clinical and research areas. The interest extends into areas of study well beyond the realm of anatomic pathology. The 7th edition will, of necessity, differ from the prior editions which Dr. Benirschke wrote largely himself at first, and later with the help of the above noted co-authors. It will now be an international multi-authored book with nearly 40 contributors revising one or more chapters. The explosion of new information as necessitating some reordering of chapters and adding completely new chapters including Chapters 31 and 32, “Innovations in Placental Pathology” and “Imaging in Placental Pathology”. Dr. Burton’s section has been extensively edited, as well. The editors gave the new authors considerable latitude in how to write the new and/or edited chapters. Many of the revised chapters retain much of Dr. Benirschke’s anecdotal information as well as the voluminous references. Others are more modern in their approach. All contain substantial new references and current information. It is our hope that Benirschke’s Pathology of the Human Placenta will remain as a mainstay reference in placental pathology. It aims to help readers gain a broad understanding of how placental architecture is shaped during normal development, with a view to appreciating how this may be perturbed in complications of pregnancy.
