Download or read book Pine Wilt Disease written by Bo Guang Zhao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-27 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pine forests face a global threat of pine wilt disease, which is being spread by vector beetles carrying pathogenic nematodes from dead trees to healthy ones. Among the host pines there are varying degrees of susceptibility, and nematode strains also contain a variety of virulences, both of which factors help to determine whether infected host trees will die or survive. As well, biotic and abiotic environmental factors influence the fate of infected trees. This book describes the history of the disease, pathogenic nematodes, vector beetles, the etiology and ecology of the disease, microorganisms involved, and control methods that utilize host resistance and biological control agents. Concrete, comprehensive, and the most up-to-date knowledge about this worldwide forest epidemic is presented for readers, enabling them to understand the nature and epidemic threat of pine wilt disease.

Download or read book Pine Wilt Disease A Worldwide Threat to Forest Ecosystems written by Manuel M. Mota and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-28 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pine wilt disease (PWD) is unquestionably a major threat to forest ecosystems worldwide. After seriously affecting Eastern Asian countries, the challenge is now in Europe, following its detection in Portugal in 1999 and its subsequent spread. For foresters, these were really very bad news and, in order for adequate action to be taken, scientists had to teach politicians about the seriousness of the problem. That is never an easy task, but it was successfully done at that time, mainly by the continued effort of Professor Manuel Mota. The challenge of having political decisions based on good science is fundamental for the success of any program, but especially in dif?cult situations such as those arising by the introduction of harmful organisms in new ecosystems. The success of the dialogue between science and policy requires intelligent partners from each side, which is not always necessarily the case... Examples of lack of recognition of problems raised by science are unfortunately abundant throughout the history of science. The recent recognition of the efforts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Al Gore with the - bel Prize, and the continued failure in taking appropriate actions by major political players is a dramatic modern example of the dif?culty of this dialogue...

Download or read book The Pinewood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus written by Manuel Mota and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2004-04-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the European Plant Protection Organization, the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a quarantine organism at the top of the list of the pathogenic species. PWN may be found in North America (Canada, USA and Mexico) and in East Asia (Japan, Korea, China and Taiwan) and has a highly destructive capability towards conifers, in a relatively short time, causing serious economic damage in Japan, China and Korea. This nematode surveying is extremely important and a correct identification of nematode species associated with conifers is essential. Several conifers species are very susceptible (Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster), the last one (maritime pine) is a particulary important economic specie in Portugal, and in southern Europe. In 1999, this nematode was found and identified for the first time in Portugal and in Europe. During 1999 and 2000, the Portuguese government, following an alert provided to European Community officials initiated an extensive national survey. During 2000 and 2001, research has been carried out regarding the morphobiometric as well as molecular (DNA: ITS-RFLP) characterization of the collected populations, as well as closely related species of Bursaphelenchus. The book details the Proceedings of an international workshop held at the University of Évora in 2001, covering all major aspects of the bioecology of the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, its insect vectors and effects on the tree. Topics covered are: global issues and national surveys; morphology and molecular methods of identification of PWN; ecology and epidemiology; quarantine issues; tree physiology, resistance and histopathology; biology of PWN and relationships to its cerambycid vectors; control methods. General quarantine and political views are also presented.

Download or read book An Overview of the Pine Wood Nematode Ban in North America written by L. David Dwinell and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecology of the Pinewood Nematode in Southern Pine Chip Piles written by L. David Dwinell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated Management of Fruit Crops and Forest Nematodes written by Aurelio Ciancio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-15 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series originated during a visit of prof. K. G. Mukerji to the CNR Plant Protection Institute at Bari, Italy, in November 2005. Both editors convened to produce a series of five volumes focusing, in a multi-disciplinary approach, on recent advances and achievements in the practice of crop protection and integrated pest and disease management. This fourth Volume deals with management of nematodes parasitic of tree crops, and includes a section on tropical fruit crops and commodities, as well as a second section on tree crops from more temperate areas. The latter also includes a chapter updating the current knowledge about the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Volume 4 flanks Volume 2 of this IMPD series, which focused on management of vegetable and grain crops nematodes. Nematodes are a very successful, diversified and specialised animal group, present in nature in any ecological niche. Among nematode species, only a reduced number feeds on plants, of which a few species cause severe economic impacts on crop productions. Plant parasitic nematodes represent an important concern for a broad range of agricultural productions and systems, worldwide. This statement explains the attention devoted in last decades to nematodes, and the research and technical efforts invested for their control.

Download or read book Insects and Diseases of Mediterranean Forest Systems written by Timothy D. Paine and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insect and disease issues are often specific to the Mediterranean forest systems rather than shared with the temperate forests. In addition to the specific native insects and diseases, the forests are subject to the invasion of exotic species. The forests are also at risk from high degrees of human activity, including changing patterns of forest fires, land management activities, intensive plantation forestry using introduced timber species from other Mediterranean climate zones, and atmospheric deposition. Combined with elements of global climate change that may disproportionately affect Mediterranean climate systems, this creates a number of significant management issues that are unique to the Mediterranean forests. It is our goal that the information contained in this volume will contribute to understanding the unique aspects of Mediterranean forest systems and to protecting these critical resources.

Download or read book Nematode Trapping Fungi written by Ke-Qin Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These chapters provide up-to-date information on nematophagous fungi, particularly those of the Orbiliaceae in Ascomycota, whose asexual states produce nematode-trapping devices. The authors consider fungal-nematode interactions, fossil fungi, the biodiversity, ecology and geographical distribution of nematode-trapping fungi, and their potential use in biocontrol of nematodes, all in detail. Nematode-trapping fungi with adhesive or mechanical hyphal traps are the main focus of this book which begins with an overview of the data on nematode-trapping fungi, including their taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution. Subsequent chapters expand upon the methods and techniques used to study these fascinating fungi. Keys for genera of Arthrobotrys, Drechslerella and Dactylellina, which include all reported species of predatory orbiliaceous fungi are presented and numerous species from these genera are morphologically described and illustrated. The ecology of nematode-trapping fungi is expertly presented: their occurrence and habitats, their geographical and seasonal distribution and the effects of soil conditions and nematode density on their distribution all feature amongst the relevant themes. Further chapters examine the use of nematode-trapping fungi in biological control and the authors consider nematicidal activities in detail, exploring the many compounds from fungi that feature in nematicidal activities and of course useful paths for further study on this topic. This is a highly informative and carefully presented book, providing scientific insight for scholars with an interest in fungi and in biological control of nematodes.

Download or read book World Forests Society and Environment written by Matti Palo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses current global and regional issues concerning the world's forests, societies and the environment from an independent and non-governmental point of view. A main message is that cooperation on a global scale is not only commendable, but essential if solutions to the problems facing the world's forests are to be found. To achieve this, modern science needs to find a clearer picture of relationships between forests, human activity and the environment and of the consequences of environmental change for the ability of societies to survive. Part I, Editorial Perspectives, is analyzing the ongoing globalization processes of forests, societies and the environment. Part II, Society and Environment, reviews worldwide trends with significance for the future of forests and forestry. While the trends are influenced by forest sector issues, that sector is influenced to a much larger extent by external factors - such as demography, urbanization, or technological development. Part III, Importance of Forests, looks at the value of the goods and services of forests; tangible and intangible; market and non-market; and concludes that failure to recognize their full value is one of the crucial impediments to sustainable development. In Part IV, Global Forum, scientists take up global forestry themes - deforestation, trade and the environment, climate change, biodiversity - with the aim of stimulating wider discussion. Part V, Regional Forum, looks at major themes of particular relevance to Africa, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, North America and Europe, such as farm and agroforestry, corruption and concessions, urban forestry and environmental conflicts. Part VI introduces the special theme - forest sectors in transition economies. Teams of scientists from Russia and China focus on the implications of the transition from plan to market economy, illuminating both the very different nature of the forest sector in the two countries and the different transition paths that they have adopted. In the past millennium the entire world has been discovered. In the past half century the contribution of forests to the economy worldwide has been perceived, while only recently have their societal and environmental benefits been globally recognized. Globalization is a demanding process requiring knowledge and information. This book offers knowledge, facts and information – but also values from diverse human and cultural perspectives – about world forests, society and environment to help us towards equity in our use of the global forest, to create a clearer vision on a unasylva.

Download or read book Novel Biological and Biotechnological Applications in Plant Nematode Management written by Mujeebur Rahman Khan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-10 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume focuses on novel and effective biological and biotechnological methods for managing major plant parasitic nematodes in economically important agricultural crops. Nematodes develop a wide variety of interactions with soil microbes and host plants, and cause enormous losses in crop yields equivalent to around USD 173 billion annually. In view of growing concern for pesticide contamination in crops, coupled with ban on several efficacious pesticides, and increasing demand for organic foods, the biological and biotechnological approaches offer a good alternative to chemicals for managing nematode infestations in agricultural crops. The book embodies twenty-two chapters which are arranged in two groups. The first group covers different novel methods of nematode management such as biotechnological, biopesticides, microbial consortia, host resistance, omics technology, transgenics, nano-nematicides, nano-diagnosis, etc. The second groups of chapters describe important nematode problems in major crops such as cereals, vegetables, pulses, spices, wood yielding conifers, etc. Overall, the book collates the latest information on above topics and offers practical solutions to the limitations and challenges in the existing management technologies. This book is of interest and serves up-to-date and elaborated information to agriculture researchers, teachers, scientists, under-graduates, post-graduates, plant nematologists, plant pathologists, plant protectionists, agronomists, horticulturalists, helminthologists, extension workers, and NGOs.

Download or read book Biology and Taxonomy of Nematode Parasites and Associates of Bark Beetles in the United States written by C. L. Massey and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Incidence of the Pine Wood Nematode in Green Coniferous Sawn Wood in Oregon and California written by L. David Dwinell and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pathogenicity of the Pine Wood Nematode written by Michael J. Wingfield and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1987 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus written by David M. Richardson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-07-31 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review essential for all involved in the management of natural and planted pine forests.

Download or read book Pine Wilt Disease and the Decline of Pine Forests written by Kazuyoshi Futai and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-18 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After devastating vast ranges of pine forests in Asian countries, Pine Wilt disease invaded European forests, becoming a worldwide threat. Originating in North America, the pathogen of this forest epidemic is a nematode, a long filamentous organism, only 1mm in length. Nematodes are carried from tree to tree by a long-horned beetle, where they lurk in its trachea and thereby spread the disease. The challenges raised for researchers to develop effective control methods were to discover how such tiny nematodes infect and kill large pine trees within a short period, and how the infection spreads repeatedly each year. Other key issues include how giant pine trees die within a short period of time due to infection by these small nematodes, how various organisms involved in this disease correlate to each other, how host trees differently respond to nematode invasion among pine species, and how environmental factors affect the progression and spread of the disease. This book is a record of the fantastic and ingenious research by many tenacious researchers who have worked to clarify these issues. Information on a wide range of fields, from molecular biology to microbiology, nematology, entomology, botany, and ecology, has been incorporated into pine wilt research. Therefore, this book will greatly stimulate the curiosity and research motivation of those interested in field biology and the conservation of the natural environment.

Download or read book An Anecdotal History of Nematology written by John M. Webster and published by Pensoft Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research Paper SE written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: