Download or read book Physique quantique des champs et des transitions de phase written by Dragi Karevski and published by Editions Ellipses. This book was released on 2022-02-15 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cet ouvrage propose une introduction pédagogique à la théorie quantique des champs et à la physique des transitions de phase notamment dans le régime quantique. Il propose plus de 50 exercices et problèmes corrigés.
Download or read book Transitions de phase et groupe de renormalisation written by Jean Zinn-Justin and published by EDP Sciences. This book was released on 2012-12-03T00:00:00+01:00 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le but de cet ouvrage est de familiariser le lecteur avec un concept, le groupe de renormalisation, qui fournit des outils essentiels pour la compréhension de phénomènes physiques aussi différents que la faiblesse de l'interaction entre quarks à très haute énergie en physique des particules, les comportements singuliers des quantités thermodynamiques dans la théorie des transitions de phase à l'échelle macroscopique, les propriétés statistiques des longues chaînes polymériques ou certaines propriétés des gaz quantiques. Plus généralement, le groupe de renormalisation permet d'expliquer les propriétés universelles de nombre de systèmes physiques ayant un très grand nombre de degrés de liberté locaux. Dans les cas les plus simples, il permet de comprendre l'apparition de lois gaussiennes asymptotiques, comme dans le cas du théorème de la limite centrale des probabilités. Cependant, il est surtout utile dans le cas où les interactions sont fortes et explique alors l'apparition de lois non gaussiennes. Enfin, dans un grand nombre de cas d'intérêt physique, il conduit naturellement à l'introduction de théories statistiques locales des champs (ou théories quantiques des champs en temps imaginaire).
Download or read book Int grale de chemin en m canique quantique introduction written by Jean Zinn-Justin and published by EDP Sciences. This book was released on 2012-12-03T00:00:00+01:00 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cet ouvrage démontre l'intérêt et la familiarité de l'intégrale de chemin du point de vue de la physique, qui offre un regard alternatif sur la mécanique quantique. Ce livre résulte d'un cours de « mécanique quantique avancé ». Il est tiré de l'ouvrage original de l'auteur Quantum Field and Critical Phenomena (Oxford University Press).
Download or read book Phase Transitions and Renormalization Group written by Jean Zinn-Justin and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2007-07-05 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No further information has been provided for this title.
Download or read book Phase Integral Method written by Nanny Fröman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-09 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The result of two decades spent developing and refining the phase-integral method to a high level of precision, the authors have applied this method to problems in various fields of theoretical physics. The problems treated are of a mathematical nature, but have important physical applications. This book will thus be of great use to research workers in various branches of theoretical physics, where the problems can be reduced to one-dimensional second-order differential equations of the Schrödinger type for which phase-integral solutions are required. Includes contributions from notable scientists who have already made use of the authors'technique.
Download or read book The B L Phase Transition written by Kai Schmitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-30 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several of the very foundations of the cosmological standard model — the baryon asymmetry of the universe, dark matter, and the origin of the hot big bang itself — still call for an explanation from the perspective of fundamental physics. This work advocates one intriguing possibility for a consistent cosmology that fills in the theoretical gaps while being fully in accordance with the observational data. At very high energies, the universe might have been in a false vacuum state that preserved B-L, the difference between the baryon number B and the lepton number L as a local symmetry. In this state, the universe experienced a stage of hybrid inflation that only ended when the false vacuum became unstable and decayed, in the course of a waterfall transition, into a phase with spontaneously broken B-L symmetry. This B-L Phase Transition was accompanied by tachyonic preheating that transferred almost the entire energy of the false vacuum into a gas of B-L Higgs bosons, which in turn decayed into heavy Majorana neutrinos. Eventually, these neutrinos decayed into massless radiation, thereby producing the entropy of the hot big bang, generating the baryon asymmetry of the universe via the leptogenesis mechanism and setting the stage for the production of dark matter. Next to a variety of conceptual novelties and phenomenological predictions, the main achievement of the thesis is hence the fascinating notion that the leading role in the first act of our universe might have actually been played by neutrinos.
Download or read book M thodes non perturbatives en th orie quantique des champs written by Hubert Hansen and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'étude de problèmes de physique hadronique dans le cadre de la théorie des champs nécessite l'emploi de méthodes non-perturbatives, les approches perturbatives ne pouvant s'appliquer pour QCD à basse énergie. L'équivalence formelle existant entre la théorie des champs et le corps du problème à N corps nous a conduit à adapter des techniques non-perturbatives usuelles de la théorie du problème à N corps, comme l'approximation de champ moyen ( ou approximation gaussiénne ) et l'approximation de la phase aléatoire ( RPA). En se plaçant au-delà du champ moyen où seules sont prises en compte les corrélations entre une particule et un potentiel "moyen" à un corps, la RPA va permettre de rajouter dans le calcul de l'état fondamental des corrélations entre particules. Afin de mettre en place le formalisme, on applique la RPA, sous différentes formes ( standard, renormalisée, en termes de fonctions de Green ), à l'une des plus simples théories des champs en interaction, la théorie scalaire λΦ4. On montre qu'il se produit une transition de phase due à une brisure dynamique de symétrie dont le paramètre critique se rapproche des résultats obtenus sur réseaux et par la technique des "clusters". Les résultats sont aussi présentés à température finie pour le champ moyen. On étudie également un modèle effectif réaliste de la transition de phase chirale, le modèle σ-linéaire et on montre que le théorème de Goldstone est restauré, contrairement à l'approximation gaussienne. Enfin pour éclaircir quelques points de la RPA et aller au-delà des corrélations obtenues dans la forme renormalisée, on considère l'oscillateur anharmonique en mécanique quantique, en introduisant les corrélations minimales au-delà du champ moyen et on montre que les corrélations RPA améliorent grandement le résultat obtenu en champ moyen
Download or read book Functional Renormalization and Ultracold Quantum Gases written by Stefan Flörchinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern techniques from quantum field theory are applied in this work to the description of ultracold quantum gases. This leads to a unified description of many phenomena including superfluidity for bosons and fermions, classical and quantum phase transitions, different dimensions, thermodynamic properties and few-body phenomena as bound state formation or the Efimov effect. The non-perturbative treatment with renormalization group flow equations can account for all known limiting cases by solving one single equation. It improves previous results quantitatively and brings qualitatively new insights. As an example, new quantum phase transitions are found for fermions with three spin states. Ultracold atomic gases can be seen as an interesting model for features of high energy physics and for condensed matter theory. The research reported in this thesis helps to solve the difficult complexity problem in modern theoretical physics.
Download or read book Phase Structure of Strongly Interacting Matter written by Jean Cleymans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 6th Advanced Course in Theoretical Physics was held at the University of Cape Town, January 8-19, 1990. The topic of the course was "Phase Structure of Strongly Interacting Matter". There were ten invited speakers from overseas, each having up to six hours in which to present his field of research to a relatively small audience of about 50 participants. This allowed for the presentation of a broad, coherent and pedagogical review of the present status of the field. In addition there were several one-hour presentations by local participants. The main emphasis of the course was on the study of the properties of high density hot nuclear matter. This field is of particular interest because of the belief that a deconfined quark-gluon plasma could be created in such an environment when the temperature reaches about 200MeV. In the nuclear regime a so-called "liquid-to-gas" phase transition is expected at a temperature of approximately 10- 20MeV. Both of these topics received ample attention at the school. Owing the nature of the field, there exists much overlapping interest from both the nuclear physics and high-energy particle physics communities. It is hoped that these proceedings will contribute to building a bridge between the two groups.
Download or read book Entanglement Between Noncomplementary Parts of Many Body Systems written by Hannu Christian Wichterich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-18 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates the structure and behaviour of entanglement, the purely quantum mechanical part of correlations, in many-body systems, employing both numerical and analytical techniques at the interface of condensed matter theory and quantum information theory. Entanglement can be seen as a precious resource which, for example, enables the noiseless and instant transmission of quantum information, provided the communicating parties share a sufficient "amount" of it. Furthermore, measures of entanglement of a quantum mechanical state are perceived as useful probes of collective properties of many-body systems. For instance, certain measures are capable of detecting and classifying ground-state phases and, particularly, transition (or critical) points separating such phases. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on entanglement in many-body systems and its use as a potential resource for communication protocols. They address the questions of how a substantial amount of entanglement can be established between distant subsystems, and how efficiently this entanglement could be "harvested" by way of measurements. The subsequent chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to universality of entanglement between large collections of particles undergoing a quantum phase transition, where, despite the enormous complexity of these systems, collective properties including entanglement no longer depend crucially on the microscopic details.
Download or read book Models in Statistical Physics and Quantum Field Theory written by Harald Grosse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In these lectures we summarize certain results on models in statistical physics and quantum field theory and especially emphasize the deep relation ship between these subjects. From a physical point of view, we study phase transitions of realistic systems; from a more mathematical point of view, we describe field theoretical models defined on a euclidean space-time lattice, for which the lattice constant serves as a cutoff. The connection between these two approaches is obtained by identifying partition functions for spin models with discretized functional integrals. After an introduction to critical phenomena, we present methods which prove the existence or nonexistence of phase transitions for the Ising and Heisenberg models in various dimensions. As an example of a solvable system we discuss the two-dimensional Ising model. Topological excitations determine sectors of field theoretical models. In order to illustrate this, we first discuss soliton solutions of completely integrable classical models. Afterwards we dis cuss sectors for the external field problem and for the Schwinger model. Then we put gauge models on a lattice, give a survey of some rigorous results and discuss the phase structure of some lattice gauge models. Since great interest has recently been shown in string models, we give a short introduction to both the classical mechanics of strings and the bosonic and fermionic models. The formulation of the continuum limit for lattice systems leads to a discussion of the renormalization group, which we apply to various models.
Download or read book Liquid Glass Transition written by Toyoyuki Kitamura and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A glass is disordered material like a viscous liquid and behaves mechanically like a solid. A glass is normally formed by supercooling the viscous liquid fast enough to avoid crystallization, and the liquid-glass transition occurs in diverse manners depending on the materials, their history, and the supercooling processes, among other factors. The glass transition in colloids, molecular systems, and polymers is studied worldwide. This book presents a unified theory of the liquid-glass transition on the basis of the two band model from statistical quantum field theory associated with the temperature Green's function method. It is firmly original in its approach and will be of interest to researchers and students specializing in the glass transition across the physical sciences. - Examines key theoretical problems of the liquid-glass transition and related phenomena - Clarifies the mechanism and the framework of the liquid-glass transition
Download or read book Topological Quantum Numbers In Nonrelativistic Physics written by David Thouless and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-03-12 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topological quantum numbers are distinguished from quantum numbers based on symmetry because they are insensitive to the imperfections of the systems in which they are observed. They have become very important in precision measurements in recent years, and provide the best measurements of voltage and electrical resistance. This book describes the theory of such quantum numbers, starting with Dirac's argument for the quantization of electric charge, and continuing with discussions on the helium superfluids, flux quantization and the Josephson effect in superconductors, the quantum Hall effect, solids and liquid crystals, and topological phase transitions. The accompanying reprints include some of the classic experimental and theoretical papers in this area.Physicists — both experimental and theoretical — who are interested in the topic will find this book an invaluable reference.
Download or read book New Theoretical Approaches to Strongly Correlated Systems written by Alexei M. Tsvelik and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-05-31 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, the physics of strongly correlated systems was considered a theorists' playground, right at the border with pure mathematics, where physicists from the `real world' did not venture. The time has come, however, when healthy physics cannot exist without these techniques and results. Lectures on selected topics in the theory of strongly correlated systems are here presented by the leading experts in the field. Topics covered include a use of the form factor approach in low-dimensional systems, applications of quantum field theory to disorder, and dynamical mean field theory. The main divisions of the book deal with: I) Quantum Critical Points; (II) Strongly Correlated One-Dimensional Systems; (III) Strong Correlations and Disorder; and (IV) Dynamical Mean Field Theory.
Download or read book A Modern Approach to Critical Phenomena written by Igor Herbut and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-04 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical phenomena is one of the most exciting areas of modern physics. This 2007 book provides a thorough but economic introduction into the principles and techniques of the theory of critical phenomena and the renormalization group, from the perspective of modern condensed matter physics. Assuming basic knowledge of quantum and statistical mechanics, the book discusses phase transitions in magnets, superfluids, superconductors, and gauge field theories. Particular attention is given to topics such as gauge field fluctuations in superconductors, the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, duality transformations, and quantum phase transitions - all of which are at the forefront of physics research. This book contains numerous problems of varying degrees of difficulty, with solutions. These problems provide readers with a wealth of material to test their understanding of the subject. It is ideal for graduate students and more experienced researchers in the fields of condensed matter physics, statistical physics, and many-body physics.
Download or read book Phase Integral Method written by Nanny Fröman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-12 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The result of two decades spent developing and refining the phase-integral method to a high level of precision, the authors have applied this method to problems in various fields of theoretical physics. The problems treated are of a mathematical nature, but have important physical applications. This book will thus be of great use to research workers in various branches of theoretical physics, where the problems can be reduced to one-dimensional second-order differential equations of the Schrödinger type for which phase-integral solutions are required. Includes contributions from notable scientists who have already made use of the authors'technique.
Download or read book Critical Properties Of Phi4 Theories written by Hagen Kleinert and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001-07-30 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains in detail how to perform perturbation expansions in quantum field theory to high orders, and how to extract the critical properties of the theory from the resulting divergent power series. These properties are calculated for various second-order phase transitions of three-dimensional systems with high accuracy, in particular the critical exponents observable in experiments close to the phase transition.Beginning with an introduction to critical phenomena, this book develops the functional-integral description of quantum field theories, their perturbation expansions, and a method for finding recursively all Feynman diagrams to any order in the coupling strength. Algebraic computer programs are supplied on accompanying World Wide Web pages. The diagrams correspond to integrals in momentum space. They are evaluated in 4-ε dimensions, where they possess pole terms in 1/ε. The pole terms are collected into renormalization constants.The theory of the renormalization group is used to find the critical scaling laws. They contain critical exponents which are obtained from the renormalization constants in the form of power series. These are divergent, due to factorially growing expansion coefficients. The evaluation requires resummation procedures, which are performed in two ways: (1) using traditional methods based on Padé and Borel transformations, combined with analytic mappings; (2) using modern variational perturbation theory, where the results follow from a simple strong-coupling formula. As a crucial test of the accuracy of the methods, the critical exponent α governing the divergence of the specific heat of superfluid helium is shown to agree very well with the extremely precise experimental number found in the space shuttle orbiting the earth (whose data are displayed on the cover of the book).The phi4-theories investigated in this book contain any number N of fields in an O(N)-symmetric interaction, or in an interaction in which O(N)-symmetry is broken by a term of a cubic symmetry. The crossover behavior between the different symmetries is investigated. In addition, alternative ways of obtaining critical exponents of phi4-theories are sketched, such as variational perturbation expansions in three rather than 4-ε dimensions, and improved ratio tests in high-temperature expansions of lattice models.
