Download or read book Physicochemical Interactions of Engineered Nanoparticles and Plants written by Guadalupe De La Rosa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-12 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physicochemical Interactions of Engineered Nanoparticles and Plants: A Systemic Approach, Volume Four in the Nanomaterial-Plant Interactions series, presents foundational information on how ENMs interact with the surrounding environment. Key themes include source, fate and transport of ENMs in the environment, biophysicochemical transformations of ENMs, and chemical reactions and mechanisms of ENMs transport in plants. This book is an essential read for any scientist or researcher looking to understand the molecular interactions between ENMs and Plants. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) reach plant ecosystems through intentional or unintentional pathways. In any case, after release, these materials may be transformed in the environment by physical, chemical and biochemical processes. Once in contact with plant systems, biotransformation may still occur, affecting or stimulating plant metabolism. Since plants are the producers to the food chain, it is of paramount importance to understand these mechanisms at the molecular level. Presents data, predictions and modeling regarding the presence of ENMs in air, water and soil Explains, at the molecular level, the biogeochemical cycle of ENMs before plant exposure Focuses on the reactions and mechanisms of ENMs and plants

Download or read book Engineered Nanoparticles and the Environment written by Baoshan Xing and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-10-10 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details the source, release, exposure, adsorption, aggregation, bioavailability, transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles found in many common products and applications Covers synthesis, environmental application, detection, and characterization of engineered nanoparticles Details the toxicity and risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles Includes topics on the transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles Presents the latest developments and knowledge of engineered nanoparticles Written by world leading experts from prestigious universities and companies

Download or read book Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticles written by Mohammad Faisal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides relevant findings on nanoparticles’ toxicity, their uptake, translocation and mechanisms of interaction with plants at cellular and sub-cellular level. The small size and large specific surface area of nanoparticles endow them with high chemical reactivity and intrinsic toxicity. Such unique physicochemical properties draw global attention of scientists to study potential risks and adverse effects of nanoparticles in the environment. Their toxicity has pronounced effects and consequences for plants and ultimately the whole ecosystem. Plants growing in nanomaterials-polluted sites may exhibit altered metabolism, growth reduction, and lower biomass production. Nanoparticles can adhere to plant roots and exert physicochemical toxicity and subsequently cell death in plants. On the other hand, plants have developed various defense mechanisms against this induced toxicity. This books discusses recent findings as well as several unresolved issues and challenges regarding the interaction and biological effects of nanoparticles. Only detailed studies of these processes and mechanisms will allow researchers to understand the complex plant-nanomaterial interactions.

Download or read book Interfacial Reactions of Natural and Engineered Nanoparticles and Colloids in Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems written by Jessica R. Ray and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global water demands continue to rise, especially in lieu of population growth and consequential economic and energy needs. Furthermore, global climate change has placed additional stresses on the future availability of freshwater. As a result, it is now becoming crucial to replenish water sources via drinking water and wastewater treatment. Due to advancements in nanotechnology, engineered and manufactured nanoparticles are increasingly entering water and wastewater treatment plants. In addition, naturally occurring nanoparticles can also form or exist in drinking water and wastewater treatment facilities. Therefore, to design better water treatment systems, it is important to understand how these nanoparticles will affect water chemistry as well as the efficacy of drinking water and wastewater treatment processes. This work consists of environmental perspectives of natural and engineered nanoparticle interactions in two complex aqueous environments: wastewater treatment and drinking water treatment systems. First, impacts of natural and engineered nanoparticles on wastewater treatment process efficacy were investigated in the following three systems: (1) heterogeneous iron (hydr)oxide formation on organic coated substrates, (2) homogeneous iron (hydr)oxide formation, and (3) mixed homo/heterogeneous nucleation of iron (hydr)oxide on CeO2 engineered nanoparticles. In System (1), heterogeneous precipitation of naturally occurring iron (hydr)oxide nanoparticles in model wastewater systems was investigated. Quartz, polyaspartate and alginate coated substrates were used to model abundant mineral substrates found downstream of wastewater treatment, anionic polyelectrolytes used in coagulation processes, and extracellular materials in biofilm during biochemical treatment, respectively. For the first time, iron (hydr)oxide nanoparticle formation on polymeric substrates was monitored in situ. Results indicated that substrate surface hydrophilicity was more dominant than electrostatic interactions in predicting nucleation. In System (2), homogeneous iron (hydr)oxide nucleation and phase transformation was then investigated as a function of synthesis conditions. Iron (hydr)oxides are highly reactive and effective sorbents for wastewater contaminants and formation conditions can determine their sorption efficacy. Therefore, in this study, the Fe(III) hydrolysis kinetics and cooling rates were altered to investigate the simultaneous formation of mixtures of hematite and 6-line ferrihydrite iron (hydr)oxide nanoparticles. Complementary in situ and ex situ analytical techniques revealed that understanding in situ physicochemical properties can control ex situ nanoparticle characteristics. Also, separate, distinct hematite and 6-line ferrihydrite phases were generated simultaneously and 6-line ferrihydrite removed more As(V), a model wastewater contaminant, compared to hematite. Moreover, iron (hydr)oxides can also form in the presence of engineered nanomaterials in wastewater which can affect contaminant transport downstream as well as wastewater stream chemistry. Therefore, in System (3), iron (hydr)oxide formation on engineered cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles by redox reactions with Fe2+ (a reagent used in advanced oxidation processes in wastewater treatment) and Cr(VI)(aq) (a pre-existing wastewater contaminant) was investigated. The coexistence of Fe2+ and Cr(VI)(aq) were found to greatly promote the colloidal stability and to inhibit the dissolution of CeO2 nanoparticles while promoting the formation of an iron (hydr)oxide surface coating layer via redox reactions at the CeO2 nanoparticle surface. This is more prominent in the presence of Cr(VI)(aq) compared to systems without Cr(VI)(aq) ions. Engineered nanoparticles could act as heterogeneous nucleation sites and adsorption sites when released into the environment, incorporating toxic elements and molecules into a "hybrid" engineered/natural nanoparticle composite. As such, tt is essential to understand surface redox chemistry which nanoparticles could experience during wastewater treatment processes. Second, effects of naturally forming colloids and membrane-surface-modifier nanomaterials on reverse osmosis (RO) drinking water treatment processes were studied. Fouling by calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and other brackish water constituents can clog RO membrane pores and reduce the amount of purified water produced, and as a result, engineered nanomaterials have been used to reduce fouling on membrane surfaces. In this work, two scientific challenges related to colloid interactions during RO were addressed: (4) mineral scaling on polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified RO membranes, and (5) mineral scaling, organic fouling and biofouling on multifunctional membrane surfaces. In System (4), hydrophilic, polyamide RO membrane surface modification using grafted PEG was studied as a remedy to reduce fouling from mineral scalants (i.e., CaCO3 and CaSO4) and humic acid which exists in high concentrations in brackish water. In batch systems without humic acid, the PEG-grafted membranes were successful in reducing mineral scale formation at the membrane surface; however, in the presence of humic acid, a specific interaction between SO4, PEG, and humic acid resulted in promoted CaSO4 scaling at the membrane surface. Findings of this work indicate that multiple RO feed water constituents should be considered when determining the efficacy of membrane surface modifications. In System (5), to simultaneously combat colloidal fouling from CaCO3 and CaSO4, organic fouling (e.g., humic acid) and biofouling (e.g., Escherichia coli), a multifunctional membrane was fabricated. Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, gold nanostars (AuNS), and PEG were combined on polyamide RO membrane surfaces and demonstrated to significantly reduce fouling from the three major fouling classes. Bacterial inactivation at the RO membrane surface was achieved by irradiating the membrane with an 808 nm laser activating the photothermal properties of the Au nanostars. Our newly developed novel, multifunctional membrane surface was therefore able to significantly reduce mineral scaling, organic fouling, and biofouling during RO without additional chemical or thermal treatments. The findings from this systematic, mechanistic study investigating natural and engineered nanoparticle interactions in complex, dynamic systems can help improve the understanding of the fate, transport, and transformations of nanoparticles in water and wastewater treatment processes in response to increasing quantities and applications of nanoparticles in aquatic systems. Furthermore, through our unique engineered design, we have provided promising solutions for drastically improving water treatment processes in complex feed solutions.

Download or read book Sources Mechanisms and Toxicity of Nanomaterials in Plants written by Jose Peralta-Videa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-01 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants encounter a wide range of environmental challenges during their life cycle, among which nanoparticle toxicity is a common form of abiotic stress. Nanoparticles can adversely affect various stages of the plant life cycle, such as seed germination, root and shoot growth, chloroplasts ultrastructure and photosynthesis, nutrients assimilation, carbohydrates metabolism, and plant hormonal status, which collectively result in reduced plant yields. Sources, Mechanisms and Toxicity of Nanomaterials in Plants discusses the plant physiology and chemistry involved when plants encounter nanoparticles. Key topics include effects of nanoparticles on photosynthetic responses, regulation of nanoparticle toxicity by nitric oxide, and regulation of nanoparticle toxicity by exogenous application of primary and secondary metabolites. This is the first volume in the new Nanomaterials-Plant Interactions series and is an essential read to all researchers and scientists interested in plant physiology and chemistry, agronomy, nanotechnology and environmental science. Analyses how nanoparticle toxicity impacts the plant life cycle Includes the latest information on the range of coping mechanisms plants use to combat nanotoxicity Reviews protectants, such as endogenous signaling molecules, and their role in protecting the plant from nanotoxicity

Download or read book Engineered Nanoparticles for Agricultural and Environmental Prospective written by Wuttipong Mahakham and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advanced development of nanotechnology opens up potential novel applications in agriculture. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs), one of the building blocks of nanotechnology, are tiny materials having size ranges from 1 to 100 nm with unique physical and chemical properties. Presently, large amounts of NPs are applied to crop plants as novel delivery tools for fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. However, nanotechnology research in agriculture is still at an early stage and evolving quickly. Thus, the interaction between NPs and plants, both beneficial and phytotoxicity effects, has to be investigated in details before wide applications in agriculture. To enhance sustainable nanoagriculture, the goals of this research are to (i) develop ecofriendly methods for synthesizing NPs and apply them as nanopriming agents for stimulating seed germination of model crop plants and (ii) assess the environmental effects of NPs when adding as nanofertilizer on model crop plants at physiological and molecular levels. In agri-seed industry, there is a need to increase seed germination and seedling vigour by priming methods. In this study, novel technique called nanopriming has been developed for activating seed germination. Two metallic NPs, gold (Au) and silver (Ag) NPs have been chosen as trial agents of nanopriming because both NPs are widely used in industry. AuNPs and AgNPs were successfully synthesized using the aqueous extracts from galangal rhizhomes and kaffir lime leaves, which were based on principle of green chemistry to reduce the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals and considered as ecofriendly, simple and inexpensive methods. Various materials characterization techniques (TEM, SAED, FTIR, XRD) showed the successful formation of AuNPs and AgNPs, which were capped with phytochemicals present in the plant extracts. The synthesized AuNPs and AgNPs were applied as nanopriming agents at very low concentrations (5-15 mg L-1 for AuNPs and 5-10 mg L-1 for AgNPs) for activating aged seeds of maize and rice plants, respectively. Results indicated that nanopriming can significantly increase germination percentage and seedling vigours of the two crop plants compared to unprimed and hydroprimed seeds. Moreover, nanopriming can enhance seed water uptake and starch metabolism of the treated seeds. In case of AgNPs, nanopriming can activate the expression of aquaporin genes involving water uptake. As evidenced by electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis, AgNPs were able to mediate the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Thus, mechanism behind this beneficial effect could be explained based on oxidative window concepts that these NPs are able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are beneficial as cell signaling messenger for activating seed germination. This research is the first attempt to explain the mechanism behind nanopriming induced seed germination using ROS concept. As the application of NPs as nanopriming used only small concentrations, root and shoot parts of seedlings derived from nanopriming did not uptake the NPs, suggesting the advantage of nanopriming technique in reducing the dispersal of NPs into plants and environments. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which are widely used in engineering, medicine and industry, were applied as nanofertilizers for assessing whether MWCNTs could be beneficial or have negative effects on maize plants. In trial experiment using Petri dish assay, results indicated that MWCNTs treatments (100-1000 mg L-1) did not show toxic effects on maize plants. In soil culture experiment, MWCNTs were supplied as nanofertilizers into soil at concentrations of 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg kg-1 soil for investigating the long-term effects of MWCNTs on maize plants throughout their life cycle. The present results demonstrated that MWCNTs showed positive effects on maize plants by promoting rapid growth and development, early flowering, biomass and grain yield. Besides, MWCNTs can enhance aquaporin genes, which involved in water uptake compared to control plants (without nanofertilizers). Moreover, MWCNTs-treated plants had higher photosynthetic capacity and relative water content as compared to the controls. MWCNTs can also improve antioxidant defense system and delay the senescence of leaves of the treated plants. Interestingly, ICP-OES analysis showed that some nutritional elements in leaves and kernels of MWCNTs-treated plants were higher than control plants, suggesting that MWCNTs could modify nutrient uptake by plants. Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence analysis confirmed that MWCNTs could change distribution pattern of some nutritional elements in kernels. These results indicated that application of MWCNTs as nanofertilizer did not promote only plant growth and development, but also enhance photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant defense, and nutritional element uptake. Mechanism behind this positive effect could be the fact that MWCNTs help facilitating plant water uptake and higher water uptake could enhance leaf photosynthetic capacity and nutrient uptake and translocation. This is the first reports on the study of long-term effects of MWCNTs as nanofertilizers on maize plants in soil culture system throughout whole plant life cycle. Key new findings from this research include (i) NPs are able to generate ROS and the generated ROS could help loosening cell walls or act as signal messengers for seed germination and (ii) MWCNTs have the potential to be used as nanofertilizer for promoting plant growth and yields and enhancing the uptake of water and nutrients in crop plants.

Download or read book Soil Bacteria written by Shrivardhan Dheeman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Engineered Nanoparticles in Agriculture written by Vasileios Fotopoulos and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-10-23 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Exposure to Engineered Nanomaterials in the Environment written by Nelson Marmiroli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to Engineered Nanomaterials in the Environment provide a new, holistic framework for testing and evaluating the potential benefits and risks of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), including their potential socioeconomic impacts, ethical issues and consumers’ expectations and fears. The book covers nanomaterial presence in various environments, agroecosystems and other areas within the human sphere of actions. The book includes sections on (i) Chemical, physical and biological properties, (ii) Presence and diffusion of ENMs in human environments, agriculture, food and drug products, (iii) ENMs as a pillar in biological and medical research, and (iv) Social and regulatory issues emerging from years of application. The book is designed to increase awareness to key end-users and stakeholders, including food producers and processors, industry, representatives of society and consumers, and those looking to implement an accurate and effective risk analysis procedure that promotes the sustainable use of nanotechnology. Assesses both the positive and negative impacts of engineered nanomaterials in the environment Shows how engineered nanomaterials are used in agricultural environments, food products, drugs and cosmetics Discusses the unique properties of a range of engineered nanomaterials that lead to their environmental effects

Download or read book Engineered Nanoparticles written by Ashok K. Singh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineered Nanoparticles: Structure, Properties and Mechanisms of Toxicity is an indispensable introduction to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) and their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. Although research in the area of pharmacology and toxicology of ENM is rapidly advancing, a possible correlation between their physicochemical properties and biomedical properties or toxicity is not yet fully understood. This understanding is essential to develop strategies for the safe applications and handling of ENM. The book comprehensively defines the current understanding of ENM toxicity, first describing these materials and their physicochemical properties, and then discussing the toxicological theory and methodology before finally demonstrating the potential impact of ENM on the environment and human health. It represents an essential reference for students and investigators in toxicology, pharmacology, chemistry, material sciences, medicine, and those in related disciplines who require an introduction to ENM and their potential toxicological effects. Provides state-of-the-art physicochemical descriptions and methodologies for the characterization of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) Describes the potential toxicological effects of ENM and the nanotoxicological mechanisms of action Presents how to apply theory to practice in a public health and risk assessment setting

Download or read book Emerging talents in toxicology written by Ana Luiza Ziulkoski and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-02-12 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plant Microbes Engineered Nano particles PM ENPs Nexus in Agro Ecosystems written by Pardeep Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-22 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of cross-disciplinary research, with contributions addressing all key features of the plant/microbe/ENP nexus in agro-ecosystems. The uptake, transport and transformation of nanoparticles in plants have attracted more and more attention in the past several years. Especially, the impact of Engineered Nanoparticles (ENPs) on bioprocesses; low-, medium- and high-level dose responses in the microbial community of soil; and long-, medium- and short-term exposure responses, particularly microbial nitrogen transformations, are just a few of the aspects involved. Since ENPs are used in many industries, including cosmetics, agriculture, medicine, food technology and waste management, their transport through biogeochemical cycles is an important focus of many studies today. Specifically, ENP–microbe interaction has been analysed with regard to disease treatment for plants; it plays a vital role in disease inhibition by releasing metal ions that act through many pathways – e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA transformation and disruption of the cell cycle – to stop cell growth in the pathogen. Due to these properties, ENPs are also used as slow release or delayed release pesticides and fungicides, and as carrier systems for growth-promoting hormones. Despite their multiple uses in various industries, the negative effects of ENPs are still a major concern for the scientific community and consumers alike. For example, their transport to various food chains has been reported to have adverse effects. This raises a degree of doubt concerning a rapidly growing scientific field with major applications in many industries. From a sustainable development perspective and particularly to ensure food security in light of the uncertainty accompanying climate change, it is imperative to address this divergence by focusing on the plant/microbe/ENP nexus.

Download or read book The ELSI Handbook of Nanotechnology written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook focuses on the recent advancements in Safety, Risk, Ethical Society and Legal Implications (ESLI) as well as its commercialization of nanotechnology, such as manufacturing. Nano is moving out of its relaxation phase of scientific route, and as new products go to market, organizations all over the world, as well as the general public, are discussing the environmental and health issues associated with nanotechnology. Nongovernmental science organizations have long since reacted; however, now the social sciences have begun to study the cultural portent of nanotechnology. Societal concerns and their newly constructed concepts, show nanoscience interconnected with the economy, ecology, health, and governance. This handbook addresses these new challenges and is divided into 7 sections: Nanomaterials and the Environment; Life Cycle Environmental Implications of Nanomanufacturing; Bioavailability and Toxicity of Manufactured Nanoparticles in Terrestrial Environments; Occupational Health Hazards of Nanoparticles; Ethical Issues in Nanotechnology; Commercialization of Nanotechnology; Legalization of Nanotechnology.

Download or read book Nanofertilizers for Sustainable Agroecosystems written by Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-28 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-scale chemical fertilizer application causes irreparable damage to soil structure, mineral cycles, soil microbial flora, plants, and other food chains across ecosystems, culminating in heritable mutations in future generations of consumers. A better way forward is the use of nanofertilizers to focus on macro elements (N, P, K), as switching to nanofertilizers may result in large environmental benefits by replacing the majority of these nutrients. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of nanomaterials using bacteria, algae, yeast, fungus, actinomycetes, and plants has opened up a new avenue of research in the production of inorganic nanoparticles as ecologically friendly fertilizers. Nanofertilizers should also attain increased efficiency because of a several-fold increase in the surface-to-volume ratio of nano-forms of nutrients and their suitability for foliar application, where environmental losses are further reduced. Nanostructured fertilizers can also improve nutrient use efficiency through strategies such as targeted distribution and progressive or controlled-release as they can precisely release their active molecules in response to environmental cues and biological demands. Recent research shows nanofertilizers can increase agricultural productivity by speeding up seed germination, seedling growth, photosynthetic activity, nitrogen metabolism, and carbohydrate and protein synthesis. The potential agricultural benefits of nanofertilizers, their modes of action, and the fate of nanomaterials in soil are all discussed in this book. It also covers nanofertilizer formulation and delivery, applications, uptake, translocation, and their fate in plants, as well as their impact on plant physiology and metabolism. Nutrient nanoformulation is a valuable method that has the potential to alter the agricultural sector and provide solutions to current and future concerns for sustainable and climate-sensitive crops

Download or read book Nanotechnology in Plant Growth Promotion and Protection written by Avinash P. Ingle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the role of nanotechnology in promoting plant growth and protection through the management of microbial pathogens In Nanotechnology in Plant Growth Promotion and Protection, distinguished researcher and author Dr. Avinash P. Ingle delivers a rigorous and insightful collection of some of the latest developments in nanotechnology particularly related to plant growth promotion and protection. The book focuses broadly on the role played by nanotechnology in growth promotion of plants and their protection through the management of different microbial pathogens. You’ll learn about a wide variety of topics, including the role of nanomaterials in sustainable agriculture, how nano-fertilizers behave as soil feed, and the dual role of nanoparticles in plant growth promotion and phytopathogen management. You’ll also discover why nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the current agricultural landscape through the development of nano-based products, like plant growth promoters, nano-fertilizers, nano-pesticides, and nano-insecticides. Find out why nano-based products promise to be a cost-effective, economically viable, and eco-friendly approach to tackling some of the most intractable problems in agriculture today. You’ll also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the prospects and impacts of using nanotechnology to promote the growth of plants and control plant diseases An exploration of the effects of titanium dioxide nanomaterials on plant growth and the emerging applications of zinc-based nanoparticles in plant growth promotion Practical discussions of nano-fertilizer in enhancing the production potentials of crops and the potential applications of nanotechnology in plant nutrition and protection for sustainable agriculture A concise treatment of nanotechnology in seed science and soil feed Toxicological concerns of nanomaterials used in agriculture Perfect for undergraduate, graduate, and research students of nanotechnology, agriculture, plant science, plant physiology, and crops, Nanotechnology in Plant Growth Promotion and Protection will also earn a place in the libraries of professors and researchers in these areas, as well as regulators and policymakers.

Download or read book Nanotechnology and Plant Sciences written by Manzer H. Siddiqui and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-27 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a holistic view of the complex and dynamic responses of plants to nanoparticles, the signal transduction mechanisms involved, and the regulation of gene expression. Further, it addresses the phytosynthesis of nanoparticles, the role of nanoparticles in the antioxidant systems of plants and agriculture, the beneficial and harmful effects of nanoparticles on plants, and the application of nanoparticles and nanotubes to mass spectrometry, aiming ultimately at an analysis of the metabolomics of plants. The growing numbers of inventions in the field of nanotechnology are producing novel applications in the fields of biotechnology and agriculture. Nanoparticles have received much attention because of the unique physico-chemical properties of these compounds. In the life sciences, nanoparticles are used as “smart” delivery systems, prompting the Nobel Prize winner P. Ehrlich to refer to these compounds as “magic bullets.” Nanoparticles also play an important role in agriculture as compound fertilizers and nano-pesticides, acting as chemical delivery agents that target molecules to specific cellular organelles in plants. The influence of nanoparticles on plant growth and development, however, remains to be investigated. Lastly, this book reveals the research gaps that must be bridged in the years to come in order to achieve larger goals concerning the applications of nanotechnology in the plants sciences. In the 21st century, nanotechnology has become a rapidly emerging branch of science. In the world of physical sciences, nanotechnological tools have been exploited for a broad range of applications. In recent years, nanoparticles have also proven useful in several branches of the life sciences. In particular, nanotechnology has been employed in drug delivery and related applications in medicine.

Download or read book Nanomaterials in Plants Algae and Microorganisms written by Durgesh Kumar Tripathi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials in Plants, Algae and Microorganisms: Concepts and Controversies: Volume 2 not only covers all the new technologies used in the synthesis of nanoparticles, it also tests their response on plants, algae and micro-organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Unlike most works in the field, the book doesn’t focus exclusively on the higher organisms. Instead, it explores the smaller life forms on which they feed. Topics include the impacts of plant development, how different nanoparticles are absorbed by biota, the impact different metals—including silver and rare earth metals—have on living organisms, and the effects nanoparticles have on aquatic ecosystems as a whole. As nanotechnology based products have become a trillion-dollar industry, there is a need to understand the implications to the health of our biota and ecosystems as the earth is increasingly inundated with these materials. Covers the issues of nanoparticles on more simple organisms and their ecosystems Draws upon global experts to help increase understanding of the interface mechanisms at the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and even genomic and proteomic level between ENPs and biological systems Provides a critical assessment of the progress taking place on this topic Sheds light on future research needs and scientific challenges that still exist in nanoparticle and living organism interactions