Download or read book Physical Properties of Transition Metal Oxides Synthesized by Floating Zone Method and Spark Plasma Sintering written by Zongyao Li and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition metal oxides have attracted growing attention over the last few decades because of rich physical properties they exhibit. Perovskite structure transition metal oxides AMO3 are of particular interest to the design of functional materials in modern techniques, since a variety of ways can be used to tune the physical properties of AMO3. Single crystals of Y1− [subscript x] La [subscript x] TiO3 are grown by floating zone method to study the magnetic transition from ferromagnetic in YTiO3 to G-type antiferromagnetic in LaTiO3. Y1− [subscript x] La [subscript x] TiO3 shows similar magnetic phase diagram with RTiO3 family, and the magnetism and the transition temperature can be finely tuned by varying the La doping x. By measuring the change of magnetic transition temperatures on single crystal samples under uniaxial stress, the correlation between the lattice distortions and the cooperative orbital ordering can be distinguished. Double perovskite CaMnTi2O6 is the first columnar A-site ordered perovskite exhibiting ferroelectric property. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is used to successfully synthesize gram-level Ca2− [subscript x] Mn [subscript x] Ti2O6, which has the same crystal structure and similar high-T [subscript c] ferroelectric property. Through neutron diffraction, the detailed information of the structure is obtained, and the driving force for ferroelectricity is identified. Inspired by the successful synthesis of double perovskite Ca2− [subscript x] Mn [subscript x] Ti2O6, perovskites La1− [subscript x] Pr [subscript x] RuO3 are obtained by SPS as well. The substitution of La by smaller rare earth ion Pr gives rise to the crossover from itinerant to localized electronic behavior. A systematical study of physical properties is made and an unusual second-order metal insulator transition is found in La1− [subscript x] Pr [subscript x] RuO3. The A2+V2O4 spinels have the smallest gap caused by electron-electron correlations in the single-valent spinels, and the V-V bond length in these spinels decreases as the A-site cation is replaced by cations in the order of A = Cd, Mn, Fe, Mg, Zn, Co. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation and transport properties of CoV2O4 under pressure indicate that CoV2O4 might be at the crossover between localized electron and itinerant electronic behavior. In order to clarify this, the series of AV2O4 spinels (A = Cd, Mn, Fe, Mg, Zn, Co) are studied with in situ high-pressure x-ray and neutron diffraction at different temperatures.
Download or read book Frontiers of 4D and 5D transition Metal Oxides written by Gang Cao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed at advanced undergraduates, graduate students and other researchers who possess an introductory background in materials physics and/or chemistry, and an interest in the physical and chemical properties of novel materials, especially transition metal oxides.New materials often exhibit novel phenomena of great fundamental and technological importance. Contributing authors review the structural, physical and chemical properties of notable 4d- and 5d-transition metal oxides discovered over the last 10 years. These materials exhibit extraordinary physical properties that differ significantly from those of the heavily studied 3d-transition metal oxides, mainly due to the relatively strong influence of the spin-orbit interaction and orbital order in 4d- and 5d materials. The immense growth in publications addressing the physical properties of these novel materials underlines the need to document recent advances and the current state of this field. This book includes overviews of the current experimental situation concerning these materials.
Download or read book Synthesis Structure and Physical Properties of Selected Transition Metal Oxides written by Joanna Elizabeth Leah Waldron and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthetic and Dynamic Control in Strongly Correlated Transition Metal Oxides written by Samuel David Marks (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Binary and mixed oxides incorporating transition metal cations host a broad range of scientifically compelling and technologically significant optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are being explored for applications in energy storage, optoelectronics, sensors, and magnetic storage among many other potential uses. The diverse range of physical properties within this class of materials arises from the large flexibility in chemical compositions and crystal structures. These compositions and structures can be generated during synthesis or tailored after synthesis with external stimuli. In this thesis, I develop strategies for reaching structural and chemical states in transition metal oxides with technologically important optical and electronic properties. I demonstrate a new synthesis strategy for single-crystal SrVO3 films - a transparent conducting oxide with potential applications in display and photovoltaic technologies - using solid-phase epitaxy. By this technique, epitaxial layers of SrVO3 are crystallized from amorphous precursor films. The electrical conductivity and visible light transmission in these epilayers are comparable with SrVO3 formed through other epitaxial synthesis methods. This synthesis route employs thin film deposition and crystallization techniques that are scalable to m2 surface areas. Scalability is a crucial step for commercial applications of transparent conducting oxide layers. Crystal growth from amorphous precursor films is a recent development for transition metal oxides that have traditionally been synthesized using vapor-phase epitaxy. As a result, fundamental insight into the amorphous-to-crystalline transformation and defect formation processes in solid-phase epitaxy for transition metal oxides is comparatively rare. In situ synchrotron x-ray characterization is a powerful experimental approach for gathering mechanistic insight for crystal growth processes. I have designed new instrumentation for synchrotron x-ray studies of the amorphous layer deposition, crystallization, and defect formation processes inherent to solid-phase epitaxy. This instrumentation combines a vacuum sample deposition and crystallization environment with x-ray focusing optics for in situ x-ray microbeam diffraction, reflectivity, and scattering studies. Design features and key capabilities are demonstrated through a series of results from experiments performed during the commissioning of the instrument at the Advanced Photon Source. In a separate ex-situ study, I examine the crystal structure of micrometer-scale regions of SrTiO3 crystallized from nanoscale seeds using lateral solid-phase crystallization. Using a high-energy synchrotron x-ray beam focused to 200 nm, I reveal a continuous rotation in the lattice planes in the laterally crystallized regions. A rotation of nearly 25[degrees] per micrometer of lateral crystallization is measured for several SrTiO3 crystals independent of the crystallographic orientation of the growth front. The uniform lattice rotation rate suggests a single defect formation process that is characteristic of lateral crystal growth through an amorphous precursor layer. These findings support a hypothesis that the lattice rotation is driven by dislocations that form in response to mechanical stresses arising from the density difference across the crystal-amorphous interface. Controlling the oxygen environment is crucial to forming specific structural phases during synthesis. Similarly, modifications to oxygen stoichiometry can be used to modify the physical properties in epitaxial thin films of multivalent transition metal oxides. In this project, I use x-ray nanobeam diffraction and scanning near-field optical microscopy to simultaneously probe the structural and optoelectronic features of oxygen-deficient epitaxial monoclinic vanadium dioxide thin-films. In this study, an electrically conductive phase is patterned in insulating vanadium dioxide using intense electric fields delivered from an atomic force microscope probe. Electrical conductivity arises from oxygen vacancies created in the presence of the electric field that modify the electronic band structure. The stability and relaxation of the electrically conducting state are governed by the oxygen vacancy dynamics that can be manipulated with hard x-ray irradiation. This study demonstrates a way to manipulate nanoscale structural and electronic states in vanadium dioxide with local electric fields and focused hard x-rays, bringing new insights into the stability of the oxygen-deficient conductive phase of vanadium dioxide.
Download or read book Comprehensive Nuclear Materials written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 4871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials in a nuclear environment are exposed to extreme conditions of radiation, temperature and/or corrosion, and in many cases the combination of these makes the material behavior very different from conventional materials. This is evident for the four major technological challenges the nuclear technology domain is facing currently: (i) long-term operation of existing Generation II nuclear power plants, (ii) the design of the next generation reactors (Generation IV), (iii) the construction of the ITER fusion reactor in Cadarache (France), (iv) and the intermediate and final disposal of nuclear waste. In order to address these challenges, engineers and designers need to know the properties of a wide variety of materials under these conditions and to understand the underlying processes affecting changes in their behavior, in order to assess their performance and to determine the limits of operation. Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set provides broad ranging, validated summaries of all the major topics in the field of nuclear material research for fission as well as fusion reactor systems. Attention is given to the fundamental scientific aspects of nuclear materials: fuel and structural materials for fission reactors, waste materials, and materials for fusion reactors. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource of information. Most of the chapters from the first Edition have been revised and updated and a significant number of new topics are covered in completely new material. During the ten years between the two editions, the challenge for applications of nuclear materials has been significantly impacted by world events, public awareness, and technological innovation. Materials play a key role as enablers of new technologies, and we trust that this new edition of Comprehensive Nuclear Materials has captured the key recent developments. Critically reviews the major classes and functions of materials, supporting the selection, assessment, validation and engineering of materials in extreme nuclear environments Comprehensive resource for up-to-date and authoritative information which is not always available elsewhere, even in journals Provides an in-depth treatment of materials modeling and simulation, with a specific focus on nuclear issues Serves as an excellent entry point for students and researchers new to the field
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Boron and Refractory Borides written by G.V. Samsonov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V. I. MATKOVICH During the meeting of the International Symposium on Boron held in October, 1972 in Tbilisi, U.S.S.R., the idea was proposed to assemble a review of boron and refractory borides by the specialists present. The advantages of such a work were immediately apparent. Such diverse applications of borides as in protective armor, nuclear reactors, coat ings, reinforcement, etc. can hardly all be presented in sufficient detail by a single author. On the other hand it was also recognized that with so much specialization, some areas of interest may not be covered. Within the last decade or two a number of areas have been developed in which the use of refractory borides is growing and improvements are being actively explored. Thus, a number of borides have considerable potential as reinforcing material for plastics or light metals, though only boron fibers have been firmly established up to the present. Ap plication of flakes and films for two-dimensional reinforcement appears attractive, although the high cost of materials and development repre sents a considerable barrier. A number of borides have been used to manufacture lightweight protec tive armor. In this area relatively fast changes seem to be taking place as improvements in performance and weight are made. Boron carbide has found considerable use in this application and new developments exploit the light weight of beryllium borides.
Download or read book Mullite written by Hartmut Schneider and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only book to provide a complete survey -- from the crystallographic fundamentals right up to recent high-tech applications in aerospace technology. Following a general introduction to the topic, the authors go on to cover the crystal chemistry of mullite and related phases, as well as its basic properties, phase equilibria and stability. One whole section is devoted to the synthesis and processing of mullite ceramics, while later ones cover mullite coatings, fibers and matrix composites. For materials scientists, solid state chemists and physicists, crystallographers and mineralogists.
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants written by Perrin Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-11 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents cleaning and etching solutions, their applications, and results on inorganic materials. It is a comprehensive collection of etching and cleaning solutions in a single source. Chemical formulas are presented in one of three standard formats - general, electrolytic or ionized gas formats - to insure inclusion of all necessary operational data as shown in references that accompany each numbered formula. The book describes other applications of specific solutions, including their use on other metals or metallic compounds. Physical properties, association of natural and man-made minerals, and materials are shown in relationship to crystal structure, special processing techniques and solid state devices and assemblies fabricated. This publication also presents a number of organic materials which are widely used in handling and general processing...waxes, plastics, and lacquers for example. It is useful to individuals involved in study, development, and processing of metals and metallic compounds. It is invaluable for readers from the college level to industrial R & D and full-scale device fabrication, testing and sales. Scientific disciplines, work areas and individuals with great interest include: chemistry, physics, metallurgy, geology, solid state, ceramic and glass, research libraries, individuals dealing with chemical processing of inorganic materials, societies and schools.
Download or read book Nanoparticulate Materials written by Kathy Lu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-25 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serving as the only systematic and comprehensive treatment on the topic of nanoparticle-based materials, this book covers synthesis, characterization, assembly, shaping and sintering of all types of nanoparticles including metals, ceramics, and semiconductors. A single-authored work, it is suitable as a graduate-level text in nanomaterials courses.
Download or read book Energy Storage and Conversion Materials written by Stephen Skinner and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy Storage and Conversion Materials describes the application of inorganic materials in the storage and conversion of energy.
Download or read book Engineered Materials Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990-04 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Semiconducting Silicides written by Victor E. Borisenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive presentation and analysis of properties and methods of formation of semiconducting silicides. Fundamental electronic, optical and transport properties of the silicides collected from recent publications will help readers choose their application in new generations of solid-state devices. A comprehensive presentation of thermodynamic and kinetic data is given in combination with their technical application, as is information on corresponding thin-film or bulk crystal formation techniques.
Download or read book Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Doped Oxide Materials written by Sanjay J. Dhoble and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-30 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Doped Oxide Materials provides a comprehensive overview on the most essential characterization techniques of these materials, along with their key applications. The book describes the application of optical spectroscopy of lanthanides doped inorganic phosphor hosts and gives information about their structure and morphology, binding energies, energy of transition and band gap. Also discussed are the properties and applications of rare earth doped inorganic materials and the barriers and potential solutions to enable the commercial realization of phosphors in important applications. The book reviews key information for those entering the field of phosphor research, along with the fundamental knowledge of the properties of transition series elements under UV/Visible/NIR light exposer. Low-cost materials methods to synthesize the materials and spectroscopic characterization methods are also detailed. Reviews the barriers and potential solutions to enable commercial realization of inorganic phosphors Discusses low-cost material methods to synthesize and characterize lanthanide doped oxide materials Provides readers with a comprehensive overview on key properties for the most relevant applications, such as lighting and display, energy conversion and solar cell devices
Download or read book Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium written by A.K. Suri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth and development witnessed today in modern science, engineering, and technology owes a heavy debt to the rare, refractory, and reactive metals group, of which niobium is a member. Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium presents a vivid account of the metal through its comprehensive discussions of properties and applications, resources and resource processing, chemical processing and compound preparation, metal extraction, and refining and consolidation. Typical flow sheets adopted in some leading niobium-producing countries for the beneficiation of various niobium sources are presented, and various chemical processes for producing pure forms of niobium intermediates such as chloride, fluoride, and oxide are discussed. The book also explains how to liberate the metal from its intermediates and describes the physico-chemical principles involved. It is an excellent reference for chemical metallurgists, hydrometallurgists, extraction and process metallurgists, and minerals processors. It is also valuable to a wide variety of scientists, engineers, technologists, and students interested in the topic.
Download or read book Ceramic Abstracts written by American Ceramic Society and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanoparticle Technology Handbook written by Masuo Hosokawa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-10-19 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoparticle technology, which handles the preparation, processing, application and characterisation of nanoparticles, is a new and revolutionary technology. It becomes the core of nanotechnology as an extension of the conventional Fine Particle / Powder Technology. Nanoparticle technology plays an important role in the implementation of nanotechnology in many engineering and industrial fields including electronic devices, advanced ceramics, new batteries, engineered catalysts, functional paint and ink, Drug Delivery System, biotechnology, etc.; and makes use of the unique properties of the nanoparticles which are completely different from those of the bulk materials. This new handbook is the first to explain complete aspects of nanoparticles with many application examples showing their advantages and advanced development. There are handbooks which briefly mention the nanosized particles or their related applications, but no handbook describing the complete aspects of nanoparticles has been published so far. The handbook elucidates of the basic properties of nanoparticles and various nanostructural materials with their characterisation methods in the first part. It also introduces more than 40 examples of practical and potential uses of nanoparticles in the later part dealing with applications. It is intended to give readers a clear picture of nanoparticles as well as new ideas or hints on their applications to create new materials or to improve the performance of the advanced functional materials developed with the nanoparticles. * Introduces all aspects of nanoparticle technology, from the fundamentals to applications. * Includes basic information on the preparation through to the characterization of nanoparticles from various viewpoints * Includes information on nanostructures, which play an important role in practical applications.
