Download or read book Physical Inactivity Does Not Impair the Insulin lowering Effects of Moderate intensity Exercise Yet it Does Impair Fat Metabolism written by Michael Dial and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acute exercise and physical activity improve insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and postprandial lipemia, although recent research suggests that physical inactivity may attenuate some of these healthy metabolic benefits of exercise. This study aimed to determine how two days of physical inactivity and physical activity affected exercise-induced changes in plasma insulin, glucose, and triglyceride concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed the next morning. Five untrained men (n=2) and women (n=3) completed three five-day trails in a randomized crossover design. Each trial began with two days of normal activity levels, followed by two intervention days. Two days of physical inactivity (3,666 ± 100 steps) without exercise (SIT) were compared to two days of physical inactivity (3,077 ± 141 steps) with a 1-hr bout of moderate intensity cycling at 65% of VO2peak (SIT + EX). Finally, two intervention days of high activity (12,270 ± 408 steps) were performed with a 1-hour bout of moderate cycling (ACTIVE + EX). The following morning, subjects completed a 120-min OGTT, during which plasma was collected and analyzed for glucose, insulin, and triglycerides. No changes were observed in plasma glucose. Compared to SIT, insulin total area under the curve (AUCT) was 39% lower in SIT+EX (p=0.18) and 21% lower in ACTIVE+EX (p=0.48), demonstrating that exercise had an insulin-lowering effect. Plasma triglyceride AUCT in ACTIVE+EX was 26% lower than SIT (p=0.10) and 28% lower than SIT+EX (p=0.03), and fasting plasma triglyceride concentration in ACTIVE+EX was 34% lower than SIT (p=0.06) and 20% lower than SIT+EX (p=0.43). These data indicate that the insulin-lowering effect of physical activity is influenced to a greater extent by an acute bout of moderate exercise (65% VO2peak) than the background daily steps. Conversely, the triglyceride lowering effect of physical activity appears to be contingent upon higher physical activity (daily step count) and not acute moderate-intensity exercise. This also was the case with postprandial whole-body fat oxidation as ACTIVE+EX was 26% higher when compared to SIT+EX. Taken together, insulin sensitivity appears to be improved by prolonged moderate-intensity exercise (i.e. 65% of VO2peak), while postprandial triglyceride concentration and fat oxidation are improved by increasing daily step count (i.e.; from 4,000 to 11,000 per day)

Download or read book Exercise and Diabetes written by Sheri R. Colberg and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical movement has a positive effect on physical fitness, morbidity, and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Although exercise has long been considered a cornerstone of diabetes management, many health care providers fail to prescribe it. In addition, many fitness professionals may be unaware of the complexities of including physical activity in the management of diabetes. Giving patients or clients a full exercise prescription that take other chronic conditions commonly accompanying diabetes into account may be too time-consuming for or beyond the expertise of many health care and fitness professionals. The purpose of this book is to cover the recommended types and quantities of physical activities that can and should be undertaken by all individuals with any type of diabetes, along with precautions related to medication use and diabetes-related health complications. Medications used to control diabetes should augment lifestyle improvements like increased daily physical activity rather than replace them. Up until now, professional books with exercise information and prescriptions were not timely or interactive enough to easily provide busy professionals with access to the latest recommendations for each unique patient. However, simply instructing patients to “exercise more” is frequently not motivating or informative enough to get them regularly or safely active. This book is changing all that with its up-to-date and easy-to-prescribe exercise and physical activity recommendations and relevant case studies. Read and learn to quickly prescribe effective and appropriate exercise to everyone.

Download or read book Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes written by Beatrice Morio and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases synthesizes discoveries from laboratories around the world, enhancing our understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in the etiology of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chapters illustrate and provide an overview of key concepts on topics such as the role of mitochondria in adipose tissue, cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities, skeletal muscle, the liver, kidney, and more. This book is a must-have reference for students and educational teams in biology, physiology and medicine, and researchers. Synthesizes actual knowledge on mitochondrial function Provides an integrated vision of each tissue in the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes Identifies the interactive networks that involve alteration in mitochondrial mass and function in disease progression Highlights the role played by mitochondria in the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes

Download or read book Diabetes Associated with Single Gene Defects and Chromosomal Abnormalities written by Fabrizio Barbetti and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, written by renowned experts, provides complete coverage of the main genetic conditions associated with diabetes. Divided into five sections, it offers insights into genetic defects involving the pancreatic beta cell, extreme insulin resistance, ciliopathies, obesity and glucose metabolism, chromosomal defects, and other genetic conditions associated with increased susceptibility to diabetes. Other topics include the various subtypes of monogenic diabetes, such as the neonatal form and the Wolfram syndrome, as well as chromosomal defects leading to complex conditions affiliated with diabetes, like Trisomy 21 or Prader-Willi syndrome. There are also chapters dedicated to the poorly explored relationships between metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders like Friedreich's ataxia and muscular dystrophy. This book is a reference for every pediatric and adult endocrinologist and diabetologist, even experienced ones, with an interest in the intricacies and protean aspects of disorders of glucose metabolism secondary to genetic diseases.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 5 written by Dorairaj Prabhakaran and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.

Download or read book Mechanisms of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.

Download or read book Handbook of Exercise in Diabetes written by American Diabetes Association and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2003-06-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive resource contains the latest data on the effects of exercise on blood glucose and metabolism, prevention of type 2, treatment plans, and medication adjustment, as well as exercise’s effects on conditions such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Highlights special patient groups.

Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.

Download or read book WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sports Endocrinology written by F. Lanfranco and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an up-to-date, extensive overview of the effects of physical activity and training on endocrine function. It gives insights into a complex relationship by describing effects with respect to exercise performance, growth, development, and ageing. It includes discussions of the endocrine response depending on exercise mode, intensity, and duration as well as on gender, age, and fitness level. Additionally the book deals with the impact of environmental and psychological factors on endocrine level. A substantial part of Sports Endocrinology is devoted to the 'hot topic' of hormonal doping in sports. The properties of androgens, growth hormone, erythropoietin, and dietary supplements are highlighted. The use and abuse among professional and recreational athletes is discussed and specific methods of detection are presented and explained. All contributors are well-known experts in sports medicine and endocrinology, endocrine physiology, pharmacology, and doping detection, so this book is a must-read for every professional involved in the field.

Download or read book Chart Supplement Pacific written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Prolonged Sitting and Acute Exercise on Postprandial Plasma Triglyceride Concentration written by Il-Young Kim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These studies investigated the effect of physical inactivity (prolonged sitting) and physical activity (walking, standing, and moderate intensity exercise) on postprandial plasma triglyceride concentration (PPTG). In the first study, we evaluated the effect of low intensity intermittent walking at ~25% VO2max (WALK) and energy-matched moderate intensity running at ~65% VO2max (RUN) on PPTG, compared to a sitting control (SIT). RUN reduced incremental area under the curves for plasma triglyceride concentration (TG AUC[subscript I]), compared to WALK by 17.3% (p = 0.04) and SIT by 27% (p [less than] 0.001). The reduced TG AUC[subscript I] in RUN was accompanied by enhanced whole body insulin sensitivity, compared to WALK and SIT (for both, p [less than] 0.05). Whole body postprandial fat oxidation at rest following a high fat test meal intake was enhanced in RUN by 31% (P [less than] 0.001) and to a lesser extent in WALK by 8.4% (p [less than] 0.005), compared to SIT. In the second study, we evaluated 1) the effect of 2 days of prolonged sitting on PPTG, and 2) the effect of 4 days of SIT on the ability of an acute bout of exercise to reduce PPTG, compared to the same days of active walking and standing with calorically balanced diet (WALK+B). To distinguish the effect of prolonged sitting from the excess calorie effect, we had a sitting condition with calorically balanced diet (SIT+B) in addition to a sitting condition with hypercaloric diet (SIT+H). Following 2 days of respective food and activity control, WALK+B was lower in TG AUC[subscript T] by 21.3% and AUC[subscript I] by 17.4%, compared to SIT+H (for both, p [less than] 0.005). WALK+B was lower than SIT+B for TG AUC[subscript T] by 17.7% (p = 0.165) and AUC[subscript I] by 23.5% (p = 0.145) although statistical significance was not achieved. Remarkably, an acute exercise following 4 days of either SIT+H or SIT+B failed to reduce both TG AUC[subscript T] and AUC[subscript I], compared to SIT+B in HFTT1. The same exercise following 4 days of WALK+B, however, reduced both TG AUC[subscript T] by 29% and TG AUC[subscript I] by 32% in HFTT2, compared to SIT+B in HFTT1 (for both, p [less than] 0.02). Further, both SIT conditions reduced relative whole body fat oxidation in favor of increases in carbohydrate oxidation, compared to WALK+B by more than 40% in both HFTT1 and HFTT2. Taken together, our data suggest that 1) exercise intensity plays an independent role with higher intensity being more effective than lower intensity exercise in reducing PPTG, and 2) prolonged sitting with excess energy intake amplifies PPTG and prolonged sitting impairs the ability of an acute bout of moderate intensity exercise to reduce PPTG. This emphasizes the importance of regular participation in moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise and reducing sitting time by increasing non-exercise physical activities (i.e., walking and standing) for the favorable postprandial metabolic health from the individual and public health perspectives.

Download or read book Diabetes and Physical Activity written by J.H. Goedecke and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting current knowledge regarding the relationship between exercise and diabetes, this publication discusses in detail the physiologic, molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in this interaction. Further, the book presents valuable information on the role of exercise in the treatment and management of diabetes through the life course, including gestational diabetes, diabetes in children, and in the elderly. Notably, the role of diet in modulating the relationship between exercise and diabetes is explored, and for the first time, the importance of sedentary behavior, rather than exercise, is highlighted. The current public health guidelines for type 2 diabetes are presented, as well as practical recommendations for the management of type 1 diabetes. Finally, in each chapter areas of further investigations are emphasized. The book provides a valuable and up-to-date overview and is highly recommended to researchers, students, clinicians, including physicians, dieticians, biokineticists, physiotherapists, nurses and diabetes educators.

Download or read book Food Components to Enhance Performance written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settingsâ€"among othersâ€"experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors. This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting.

Download or read book 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2008 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans provides science-based guidance to help Americans aged 6 and older improve their health through appropriate physical activity. The primary audiences for the Physical Activity Guidelines are policymakers and health professionals.

Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.

Download or read book Hepatic Triglyceride Metabolism in Response to Acute and Chronic Exercise written by Marc A. Tuazon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impaired hepatic triglyceride (TG) metabolism is associated with dysfunctions such as insulin resistance and elevated VLDL-TG secretion. Chronic exercise lowers plasma TG and hepatic TG, however, many benefits of chronic exercise are due to repeated effects of single exercise sessions. Little is known, however, about effects of acute exercise on hepatic TG metabolism or the influence of exercise intensity in males vs. females. We examined impacts of single bouts of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (CE) vs. high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on hepatic TG metabolism and secretion in mice of both sexes. Hepatic TG was transiently increased on the day of exercise and in females the increase was greater with HIIE. These exercise-related changes appeared driven by enhanced transcription of the lipid-droplet coating protein Perilipin 2. On the day after exercise, VLDL-TG secretion rate was only reduced by HIIE in females. These findings demonstrated intensity-dependent and sex-specific effects of acute exercise. Because of our findings that single bouts of HIIE alter hepatic TG metabolism more than CE and the potential for chronic exercise to attenuate severity of complications associated with menopause, we compared 6 weeks of training using these exercise types on hepatic TG metabolism and secretion, glucose tolerance, body composition, and strength in ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated (SHAM) mice. Additionally, we measured energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during and immediately after exercise and assessed post-exercise spontaneous physical activity (SPA) to further characterize these exercise modalities. In OVX and SHAM, CE and HIIE elicited similar energy expenditures during exercise and in the post-exercise period lowered absolute carbohydrate oxidation and SPA. OVX vs. SHAM displayed impaired glucose tolerance, elevated blood glucose, and greater body fat despite lower hepatic TG, as well as lower strength, and these outcomes were not affected by training. In contrast to responses to single exercise sessions, chronic HIIE increased hepatic AMPK protein. Further, the reduction in VLDL-TG secretion after a single HIIE session was not maintained after training. These results reveal intensity-dependent effects of habitual exercise on hepatic AMPK expression and with our findings of single bouts reveal distinct responses in hepatic TG metabolism to acute vs. chronic exercise.