Download or read book Physical Characteristics of Dusty Star Forming Galaxies in the Past 10 Billion Years written by Patrick Michael Drew and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physical Properties of Massive Star Forming Galaxies When the Universe Was Only Two Billion Years Old written by Nicole Christina Fu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Galaxies in the Young Universe written by Sedona H. Price and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the physical processes governing galaxy growth and evolution remains an outstanding challenge in astronomy. Constraining these processes requires observations at multiple epochs, but despite exquisite observations of galaxies in the local universe, relatively little is known about galaxies at early times. In the last decade, large photometric surveys have revealed many details about galaxies across the past 10 billion years. However, fully understanding galaxies in the early universe and how they connect to today's galaxy population requires observations of their physical properties through spectroscopy as well as photometry. Recent instrumentation advances have now paved the way for spectroscopic surveys of large samples of distant galaxies, which provide key insights into the earlier phases of galaxy evolution. In this dissertation, I use detailed photometric and spectroscopic observations and simulations to investigate the dust content, masses, and kinematic structures of star-forming galaxies at z~1.5-3, near the peak of cosmic star formation. I present results using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) grism observations of an unbiased sample of galaxies at z~1.5 from the 3D-HST survey to measure the relation between nebular and stellar dust attenuation. These constraints on the dust content of distant galaxies enable accurate measurements of star formation rates, and help to characterize the dust distribution in early galaxies. I also investigate the internal kinematics of galaxies at z~1.5-3 using moderate-resolution near-infrared spectra from the MOSDEF survey with Keck/MOSFIRE together with high spatial-resolution HST imaging. I develop a set of models to measure and interpret kinematics from spectra taken with galaxy-slit misalignments, including galaxies without spatially-resolved spectra. I then use these models to derive independent, dynamical estimates of the galaxy masses, and to constrain the amount of support from ordered versus random motions for hundreds of galaxies with Mstar ~ 10^9 - 10^11.5 Msun. Additionally, I explore the correlation of kinematic structure with other properties and constrain how the dark matter fraction in star-forming galaxies changes over time. Finally, I use mock observations of galaxies from the high-resolution MassiveFIRE cosmological simulation suite to determine how well intrinsic galaxy sizes and stellar masses are recovered from observations. I also explore the impact of random viewing angles on observed galaxy properties, which has implications for the interpretation of the scatter in galaxy scaling relations.

Download or read book Optical Through Radio Observations of Dust obscured Starbursts and Implications for Massive Galaxy Evolution in the Early Universe written by Sinclaire Miguela Manning and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Far-infrared and (sub)millimeter-bright galaxies are relatively rare in the local Universe, but known to be common at earlier epochs having been observed to dominate the cosmic star formation rate beyond a lookback time of eight billion years, i.e. redshift (z) >1. These systems are distinguished by their high dust mass, as well as the powerful bursts of star formation they undergo, and are capable of forming stars at one thousand times the rate of the Milky Way. In this doctoral thesis, I utilize optical through radio observations to determine the redshifts and physical properties of extreme starbursts, known as dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs), at two distinct epochs. I first examine DSFGs around the peak of cosmic star formation at z [approximately equal to] 2, a.k.a. cosmic noon, at which time they contribute roughly half of the Universe’s total star formation. Through this study I ascertain a link between morphology and radio luminosity and the importance of major mergers and interactions in triggering the DSFG phase of galaxy evolution. The sample of sources is selected from the Super-Cluster Assisted Shear Survey (SuperCLASS) and I present a multi-band photometric catalog I assembled covering the 2deg2 survey. This catalog includes optical/mid-infrared photometry and photometric redshifts derived from fitting stellar population synthesis and AGN models to over 375,000 sources. Pushing on to even earlier times, within the first two billion years of the Universe (z>3), I then present a focused analysis of two z [approximately equal to] 4 DSFGs observed at 2-millimeters with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) as part of the Mapping Obscuration to Reionization with ALMA (MORA) survey. The physical characteristics of these two galaxies are consistent with a class of extremely dust-obscured, optically/near-infrared (OIR) invisible DSFGs in the literature. Ultimately, I provide evidence supporting the current theory that “OIR-dark” DSFGs are the progenitors of recently discovered 3

Download or read book Star forming Galaxies Growing Up Over the Last Ten Billion Years written by Amanda Elaine Bauer and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work presented in this thesis investigates the evolution of starforming galaxies over the last ten billion years. This time period encompasses nearly three-fourths of the age of the Universe, when a substantial fraction of the total stellar mass forms, and the sites of active star formation shift to lower-mass galaxies. The first study presented here combines galaxies from the spectroscopic datasets of the FORS Deep Field and the MUNICS Survey and provides the first significant investigation of the specific star formation rate (SSFR; star formation rate [SFR] per unit stellar mass) over a wide range of stellar masses and redshifts (reaching redshift z = 1:5). From [OII]-derived SFRs, we find that low-mass galaxies have higher SSFRs all the way to z = 1:5, implying that star formation contributes progressively more to the growth of stellar mass in low-mass galaxies than in high-mass galaxies. In the follow-up to this study, we combine several near-infrared-selected samples to create one of the largest collections of galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts and morphologies from Hubble Space Telescope images, to characterize the stellar mass build up in galaxies since z = 1:6. The primary data comes from the FORS Deep Field, the MUNICS Survey, the GOODS-South field as observed by the K20 survey and ESO, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey as a local comparison sample. After bringing together extensive photometric and spectroscopic data sets from several publicly available surveys, we use identical methods to derive physical properties and investigate how galaxy populations evolve with time. Galaxy properties include stellar masses derived from multiwavelength photometry, star formation rates calculated from [OII][lambda]3726Å emission lines, metallicity, color, and SSFRs. We find that the reddest, yet actively star-forming, disk-dominated galaxy population present at z ~ 1:3, decreases in number by z ~ 0:3 during the same timeframe when the bluest quiescent, disk-dominated galaxy population increases in number. We confirm the previously identified morphological separation in the SSFR versus M[subscript asterisk] plane found for local samples and for galaxies at z = 0:7: bulge-dominated galaxies are more massive and have lower SSFRs. We extend this relation for the first time to z = 1:6, showing that galaxies with high SSFRs and diskdominated structures tend to shift to lower masses as redshift decreases. We identify an observed upper envelop in SSFR that lies roughly parallel to lines of constant SFR, decreases with time, and is unaffected by incompleteness among the samples. We apply common star formation histories (constant, ex ponential, and power law) to understand the evolving populations we see, but cannot simultaneously reproduce low-mass galaxies with high SSFRs and highmass galaxies with low SSFRs at all redshifts and over our full mass range. Current semi-analytic models attempt to understand the mass at which galaxies stop forming stars through connections to Active Galactic Nuclei feedback, gas consumption, declining galaxy merger rates and/or changes in the incoming cold gas supply, but none can explain the gradual and constant decline of star formation consistent among all galaxies below this mass. We suggest a possible resolution where star formation histories of galaxies are dependent on morphology, in addition to the growing evidence for lower mass galaxies to begin forming stars at later times, and with lower initial SFRs than the initial SFRs experienced at earlier times by higher mass galaxies.

Download or read book On the Last 10 Billion Years of Stellar Mass Growth in Star forming Galaxies written by Samuel Nicholas Leitner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We also check MSI-based SFHs against those inferred from analysis of the fossil record – from spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of star-forming galaxies in the SDSS, and color magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of resolved stars in dwarf irregular galaxies. Once stellar population age uncertainties are accounted for, the main sequence is in excellent agreement with SED-based SFHs (from VESPA). Extrapolating SFR main sequence observations to dwarf galaxies, we find differences between MSI results and SFHs from CMD analysis of ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury (ANGST) and Local Group (LG) galaxies. Resolved dwarfs appear to grow much slower than main sequence trends imply, and also slower than slightly higher mass SED-analyzed galaxies. This difference may signal problems with SFH determinations, but it may also signal a shift in star formation trends at the lowest stellar masses.

Download or read book Molecular Gas Dust and Star Formation in Galaxies IAU S292 written by Tony Wong and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our knowledge of the molecular gas content in galaxies has advanced rapidly in the past decade with systematic surveys from ground-based radio facilities, coupled with advances in observations and modeling of the thermal dust emission associated with the gas. This Symposium Proceedings provides a timely overview of the latest observations of molecular gas and dust in the Milky Way and in other galaxies. It also covers related topics including the initial conditions for star formation, observational tracers of star formation and interstellar conditions, and simulations of the turbulent, multiphase interstellar medium. Featuring ten review articles by leaders in the field, and including early results and prospects for the ALMA observatory, this volume will prove especially useful for graduate students or scientists who are pursuing or planning research in this area.

Download or read book The Nature of Dusty Star Forming Galaxies written by William Cowley and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis combines a theoretical model of galaxy formation with a treatment of the radiative transfer in the titular dusty star-forming galaxies. Embedding this within the well-established ΛCDM (Lambda cold dark matter) cosmology, the author was able to simulate galaxy populations from which realistic observational images were synthesised. Based on further analysis, he shows that there is a good correspondence with observations from new instruments such as the SCUBA2 bolometric camera and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) interferometer, and reveals some novel aspects of this exciting galaxy population. In particular, he shows that blending of these galaxies in the imaging produces an artificial enhancement in their clustering, which he dubs “blending bias”. This implies that the host dark matter halo masses for these galaxies have previously been significantly overestimated. He also presents amongst the first predictions from a galaxy formation model for observations of these galaxies that will be made by the James Webb Space Telescope (the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope).

Download or read book Dusty Star forming Galaxies at High Redshift written by Caitlin M. Casey and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Dynamics and ISM Properties of High redshift Dusty Star forming Galaxies written by Jack Edward Birkin and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physical Properties of Dusty Starburst Cores in Massive Compact Galaxies with Extreme Outflows written by Erin George and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though years have been spent studying how star formation is quenched in galaxies, we are still unsure of the physical mechanisms that drive the halt in forming stars. Quenching is presumed to be caused by feedback, which is the expulsion of gas and dust, from various sources inside the galaxy. Unfortunately, feedback is the crux of the current theory of galaxy evolution and how elliptical galaxies are formed. With this in mind, we have gathered a small selection of unusual late-stage merging galaxies at intermediate redshift. Not only are they very massive, but also compact, bright, blue, still forming stars, and have extremely fast outflows. Using data acquired from Keck/NIRSPEC, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and the Multiple Mirror Telescope, we examined forbidden emission lines of these extraordinary galaxies. We found strong indicators of broad line emission tracing the outflow, which is seen in both emission and absorption, indicating the outflows have multiple phases.

Download or read book The Kiloparsec Scale Structure and Kinematics of High Redshift Star Forming Galaxies written by David R. Law and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2008-09 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the spatially resolved properties of star-forming galaxies at redshift z 2 - 3 on scales 1 kpc using a combination of morphological and kinematic analyses in an effort to characterize the major mechanisms of galaxy formation in the young universe. Using a sample of 216 galaxies which have been spectroscopically confirmed to lie between redshifts z = 1.8 - 3.4 in the GOODS-N field we demonstrate that rest-UV morphology (as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope) is statistically uncorrelated with physical properties such as star formation rate and is therefore unable to support the hypothesis that the prevalence of irregular morphologies indicates a high major merger fraction. Further, we present a sample of 13 galaxies observed with the OSIRIS integral field spectrograph and the Keck laser-guide star adaptive optics system which demonstrate the prevalence of high velocity dispersions 80 km/s and generally little in the way of spatially resolved velocity gradients, inconsistent with favored rotating disk models. We discuss the implications of these results for galaxy formation models, including gas accretion via cold flows and gravitational instability of early gas-rich galactic disks. There is some evidence for a trend towards stronger rotational signatures in galaxies with more massive stellar populations.

Download or read book Dusty Star forming Galaxies and Their Environments written by Joseph Cairns and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Nature and Evolution of High Redshift Dusty Star Forming Galaxies written by Joshua Greenslade and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Distant Dusty Star forming Galaxies written by Jianhang Chen and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The First Galaxies in the Universe written by Abraham Loeb and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, self-contained introduction to one of the most exciting frontiers in astrophysics today: the quest to understand how the oldest and most distant galaxies in our universe first formed. Until now, most research on this question has been theoretical, but the next few years will bring about a new generation of large telescopes that promise to supply a flood of data about the infant universe during its first billion years after the big bang. This book bridges the gap between theory and observation. It is an invaluable reference for students and researchers on early galaxies. The First Galaxies in the Universe starts from basic physical principles before moving on to more advanced material. Topics include the gravitational growth of structure, the intergalactic medium, the formation and evolution of the first stars and black holes, feedback and galaxy evolution, reionization, 21-cm cosmology, and more. Provides a comprehensive introduction to this exciting frontier in astrophysics Begins from first principles Covers advanced topics such as the first stars and 21-cm cosmology Prepares students for research using the next generation of large telescopes Discusses many open questions to be explored in the coming decade

Download or read book On the Evolution of Massive Galaxies written by Kristen Leah Shapiro and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Galaxies, as the fundamental building blocks of the Universe, are the critical link between the overall evolution of the Universe and the assembly of small-scale structures, such as stars and planets, within it. Unfortunately, the formation and evolution of galaxies remains poorly understood, due to the incredible complexity of the physics that governs these processes. To study and constrain these processes, a particularly useful galaxy population are bulge-dominated galaxies such as elliptical and large spiral galaxies, which together are the most massive and most evolved components of the local Universe. In the present day, these galaxies are dominated by old stars; however, their histories likely include an epoch of powerful star formation and rapid growth of their supermassive black holes. Progress in understanding the evolution of massive galaxies can therefore proceed on two fronts -- 1) observations of their formation in situ in the early Universe, and 2) detailed studies of the fossil relics of this process in the local Universe -- with the ultimate goal being to link progenitors and descendants. A key epoch for such investigations is 10 billion years ago, the most active period in the Universe's history, at which time the vast majority of stellar material in galaxies was assembled. Recent comparisons of the observed properties of galaxy populations across cosmic time have shown that the dominant star-forming galaxy population at these early times were the probable ancestors of present-day massive (bulge-dominated spiral and elliptical) galaxies. The obvious direction for current and future research is therefore to probe the detailed evolution with time of the properties and sub-structures that define this local galaxy population. This goal has guided my dissertation research, as described in the following pages. Using photometric, spectroscopic, and integral-field observations at optical through mid-infrared wavelengths, I have studied both star-forming galaxies in the early Universe and their present-day descendants. Specifically, this thesis explores the dynamical, star-forming, and black hole properties of galaxies 10 billion years ago and shows that these young galaxies must be assembled via a rapid but steady influx of gas from the surrounding cosmic structure. The resulting large quantity of gas in these galaxies causes super-large star-forming gas clouds to form, and the dynamical interactions of these clouds control the evolution of the galaxies' supermassive black holes and internal sub-structures, producing the bulges and globular cluster populations observed in the present day. Studies of the resulting local massive galaxy population, also presented herein, confirm that such successive minor dynamical disturbances were important to the assembly of these bulge-dominated galaxies and their supermassive black holes. In the pages of this thesis, an exciting link is emerging in which many observed properties of local galaxies can be explained by the dramatic internal processes occurring in galaxies 10 billion years ago, during the era of the most rapid galaxy assembly.