Download or read book Physical Basis for Materials Synthesis Using Biomineralization written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the dawn of life on earth, organisms have directed the crystallization of inorganic ions from solution to form minerals that meet specific biological needs. The resulting materials often exhibit remarkable properties, making the processes involved in biomineralization of interest to a wide array of scientific disciplines. From a geochemical standpoint, perhaps the most important consequence is that CaCO3 biomineral formation occurs in the Oceans on such a large scale that it influences many aspects of seawater chemistry and results in sequestration of carbon in the form of carbonate sediments. In this manner, the products of biomineralization are preserved in the rock record and serve as an extensive chronicle of the interplay between biota and the earth system environment. From the point of view of materials synthesis, biological control over epitaxy is an elegant example of self-organization in complex molecular systems. Through selective introduction of peptides and proteins, living organisms deterministically modify nucleation, step kinetics, surface morphologies, and facet stabilities to produce nanophase materials, topologically complex single-crystals, and multi-layer composite. The resulting materials have biological functions as diverse as structural supports, porous filtration media, grinding and cutting tools, lenses, gravity sensors and magnetic guidance systems. As Table I shows, calcium carbonate minerals are ubiquitous amongst these biomineral structures. In addition, calcium carbonate is a well studied material that is easily crystallized and has known solution chemistry. Consequently, the calcium carbonate system provides an excellent model for investigating biomineralization processes. Surprisingly, in spite of the identification of carbonate biogenesis as a critical contributor to the carbon reservoir mediating climate change, and the enormous potential of biomimetic synthesis for production of tailored, crystalline nano- and micro-structured materials, the fundamental physical controls on carbonate biomineral formation remain poorly understood. Carbonates are formed in diverse environments almost exclusively by living organisms. These naturally occurring marine and fresh water minerals most commonly occur as the polymorphs of calcite, aragonite and vaterite which are nucleated and grown in the exoskeletons and tissues of marine and freshwater organisms ranging from simple bacteria and algae to crustaceans, molluscs, or sponges. It is known that the soluble fraction associated with mineralizing parts of organisms plays a primary role in crystal formation. In the formation of molluscan shells, this fraction is distinguished by the common presence of aspartic acid rich amino acid mixtures. It is also known that carbonates exposed to different polyamino acids exhibit different crystal habits. Belcher et al. showed that exposing growing CaCO3 crystals alternately to solutions containing polyanionic proteins associated with the aragonitic and calcitic layers of mollusc shells led to sequential switching of the crystal structure of the newly grown material between that of aragonite and calcite. Further work has demonstrated that these protein mixtures alter the morphology of the calcite growth surface and that they contain two fractions effecting growth: a step-binding fraction that inhibits step advancement on calcite surfaces, and a surface binding fraction that appears to lead to the subsequent nucleation of aragonite. Wierzbicki et al. found that polyaspartate molecules (ASP20) bind to calcite surfaces. Finally, modeling of ASP15 binding to calcite planes predicts large binding energies for well defined orientations. This and related evidence shows that systematic relationships between crystal morphology and surface interactions with the reactive groups of the organic molecules must exist. However, the interplay between surface chemistry and the physical processes of nucleation and crystal growth are poorly understood because, until recently only ex situ biochemical studies focusing on the effect of changes in solution chemistry and/or surface stereo-chemistry on macroscopic crystal morphology had been performed.

Download or read book Handbook of Biomineralization written by Peter Behrens and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-28 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive overview of the modern aspects of biomineralization represents life and materials science at its best: Bioinspired pathways are the hot topics in many disciplines and this holds especially true for biomineralization. Here, the editors -- well-known members of associations and prestigious institutes -- have assembled an international team of renowned authors to provide first-hand research results. This second volume deals with biometic model systems in biomineralization, including the biomineral approach to bionics, bioinspired materials synthesis and bio-supported materials chemistry, encapsulation and the imaging of internal nanostructures of biominerals. An interdisciplinary must-have account, for biochemists, bioinorganic chemists, lecturers in chemistry and biochemistry, materials scientists, biologists, and solid state physicists.

Download or read book Research Methods in Biomineralization Science written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume of Methods in Enzymology continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume covers research methods in biomineralization science, and includes sections on such topics as determining solution chemistry, structure and nucleation; probing structure and dynamics at surfaces; and interfaces mapping biomineral and morphology and ultrastructure. - Continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field - Covers research methods in biomineralization science - Contains sections on such topics as and includes sections on such topics as determining solution chemistry, structure and nucleation; probing structure and dynamics at surfaces; and interfaces mapping biomineral and morphology and ultrastructure

Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1998 Department of Energy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1998 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biomineralization written by Patricia Martin Dove and published by Mineralogical Society of Amer. This book was released on 2003 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 54 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry focuses upon the various processes by which organisms direct the formation of minerals. Our framework of examining biominerals from the viewpoints of major mineralization strategies distinguishes this volume from most previous reviews. The review begins by introducing the reader to over-arching principles that are needed to investigate biomineralization phenomena and shows the current state of knowledge regarding the major approaches to mineralization that organisms have developed over the course of Earth history. By exploring the complexities that underlie the "synthesis" of biogenic materials, and therefore the basis for how compositions and structures of biominerals are mediated (or not), we believe this volume will be instrumental in propelling studies of biomineralization to a new level of research questions that are grounded in an understanding of the underlying biological phenomena.

Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1999 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 2032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1999 Secretary of Energy Departmental administration written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biomineralization written by Stephen Mann and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Biomineralization 3 Volume Set written by Edmund Bäuerlein and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2007-07-10 with total page 1349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive overview of the modern aspects of biomineralization represents life and materials science at its best: Bioinspired pathways are the hot topics in many disciplines and this holds especially true for biomineralization. Here, the editors -- all well-known members of associations and prestigious institutes -- have assembled an international team of renowned authors to provide first-hand research results. From the contents: VOLUME 1: BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND STRUCTURE FORMATION Silica-Hydrated Polysilicondioxide Iron Sulfides and Oxides Calcium Carbonates and Sulfates Calcium Phosphates VOLUME 2: BIOMIMETIC AND BIOINSPIRED CHEMISTRY Biometic Model Systems in Biomineralization The Biomineral Approach to Bionics Bio-inspired Materials Synthesis Bio-supported Materials Chemistry Protein Cages as Size-contrained Reaction Vessels Encapsulation Imaging of Internal Nanostructures of Biominerals VOLUME 3: MEDICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS Bone Teeth Pathological Calcifications An interdisciplinary must-have account, for biochemists, bioinorganic chemists, lecturers in chemistry and biochemistry, materials scientists, biologists, and solid state physicists. With forewords by Jeremy D. Pickett-Heaps, Stephen Mann, and Wolfgang Pompe.

Download or read book Investigating the Physical Basis of Biomineralization Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the three years of this project, Professor Dove's laboratory made tremendous progress in understanding fundamental controls on crystal growth in simple model systems for the complex phenomenon of biological mineralization. Our collaboration with J.J. DeYoreo was productive and we surpassed the goals set forth in the original proposal to establish a new quantitative understanding of carbonate mineral crystallization. The findings from this project have been widely recognized across the scientific community by the award of the Mineralogical Society of America best paper award in 1998 and the Best University Research Award of 1999 at the Basic Energy sciences, Division of Geosciences ''Interfacial Processes Symposium''. In addition, two students working on this project received six different awards for their research findings.

Download or read book Mesoscale Chemistry written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-08-06 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few decades great strides have been made in chemistry at the nanoscale, where the atomic granularity of matter and the exact positions of individual atoms are key determinants of structure and dynamics. Less attention, however, has been paid to the mesoscale-it is at this scale, in the range extending from large molecules (10 nm) through viruses to eukaryotic cells (10 microns), where interesting ensemble effects and the functionality that is critical to macroscopic phenomenon begins to manifest itself and cannot be described by laws on the scale of atoms and molecules alone. To further explore how knowledge about mesoscale phenomena can impact chemical research and development activities and vice versa, the Chemical Sciences Roundtable of the National Research Council convened a workshop on mesoscale chemistry in November 2014. With a focus on the research on chemical phenomena at the mesoscale, participants examined the opportunities that utilizing those behaviors can have for developing new catalysts, adding new functionality to materials, and increasing our understanding of biological and interfacial systems. The workshop also highlighted some of the challenges for analysis and description of mesoscale structures. This report summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.

Download or read book Materials Synthesis Utilizing Biological Processes Volume 174 written by Peter C. Rieke and published by Mrs Proceedings. This book was released on 1990-07-06 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.

Download or read book Biological Inorganic Chemistry written by Robert R. Crichton and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-12-11 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of metals in biology, the environment and medicine has become increasingly evident over the last twenty five years. The study of the multiple roles of metal ions in biological systems, the rapidly expanding interface between inorganic chemistry and biology constitutes the subject called Biological Inorganic Chemistry. The present text, written by a biochemist, with a long career experience in the field (particularly iron and copper) presents an introduction to this exciting and dynamic field. The book begins with introductory chapters, which together constitute an overview of the concepts, both chemical and biological, which are required to equip the reader for the detailed analysis which follows. Pathways of metal assimilation, storage and transport, as well as metal homeostasis are dealt with next. Thereafter, individual chapters discuss the roles of sodium and potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, copper, nickel and cobalt, manganese, and finally molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten and chromium. The final three chapters provide a tantalising view of the roles of metals in brain function, biomineralization and a brief illustration of their importance in both medicine and the environment.Relaxed and agreeable writing style. The reader will not only fiind the book easy to read, the fascinating anecdotes and footnotes will give him pegs to hang important ideas on.Written by a biochemist. Will enable the reader to more readily grasp the biological and clinical relevance of the subject.Many colour illustrations. Enables easier visualization of molecular mechanismsWritten by a single author. Ensures homgeneity of style and effective cross referencing between chapters

Download or read book Biomineralization I written by Kensuke Naka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In nature, biological organisms produce mineralized tissues such as bone, teeth, diatoms, and shells. Biomineralization is the sophisticated process of production of these inorganic minerals by living organisms. Construction of organic-inorganic hybrid materials with controlled mineralization analogous to those produced by nature has recently received much attention because it can aid in understanding the mechanisms of the biomineralization process and development of biomimetic materials processing. The biomineralization ? processes use aqueous solutions at temperatures below 100 C and no toxic intermediates are produced in these systems. From a serious global en- ronmental problem point of view, the development of processes inspired by biomineralization would offer valuable insights into material science and en- neering to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact. One of the most challenging scienti'c problems is to gain greater insight into the mol- ular interactions occurring at the interface between the inorganic mineral and the macromolecular organic matrix. Model systems are often regarded as a straight-forward experimental approach toward biomimetic crystallization. Hierarchical architectures consisting of small building blocks of inorganic cr- tals are often found in biominerals. Studies of nanocrystal self-organization in solution systems would also be helpful for understanding biomineralization. In these volumes, we focus on construction of organic-inorganic hybrid - terials with controlled mineralization inspired by natural biomineralization. In the'rst volume, thereader will ?nd contributionsproviding abasic scopeof the mineralization process in aqueous solution.

Download or read book Inorganic Materials Synthesis and Fabrication written by John N. Lalena and published by LibreDigital. This book was released on 2008-01-09 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides treatment on the topic of material synthesis, covering the most important methods in solid-state synthesis, related physical properties, as well as advances in the field. This title also discusses about materials fabrication.

Download or read book Biomineralization II written by Kensuke Naka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series presents critical reviews of the present position and future trends in modern chemical research. The short and concise reports on chemistry are each written by world renowned experts. This series is still valid and useful after 5 or 10 years. More information as well as the electronic version of the whole content available at: springerlink.com.