Download or read book Phylogeny Biogeography and Systematics of Soldanella L and Primula L Sect Auricula Duby Primulaceae Based on Molecular and Morphological Evidence written by Li-Bing Zhang and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2002 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phylogeny biography and systematics of Soldanella L and Primula L sect Auricula Duby Primulaceae based on molecular and morphological evidence written by and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book American Journal of Botany written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phylogeny and Systematics of the Rauvolfioideae Apocynaceae Based on Molecular and Morphological Evidence written by André O. Simões and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Phylogenetic Studies in the Linaceae and Linum with Implications for Their Systematics and Historical Biogeography written by Joshua Robert McDill and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Best-known as the family of the cultivated flax, Linum usitatissimum L., the Linaceae is a small but ecologically diverse family of flowering plants, with approximately 250 species distributed throughout the temperate and tropical latitudes of the world. This work is an investigation of the systematics and biogeography of the family and a portion of its largest genus, Linum, using molecular phylogenetic methods. I collected DNA sequences of rbcL and matK genes from 51 species of Linaceae, representing all 14 genera, and combined them with data from 24 other families of the order Malpighiales in phylogenetic analyses. Results strongly support the monophyly of Linaceae and subfamily Linoideae in their current circumscriptions, but subfamily Hugonioideae is poorly supported. Molecular dating analysis suggests that the temperate Linoideae diversified in the Eocene or Oligocene, while tropical Hugonioideae diversified later, during the Miocene, perhaps ruling out Gondwanan vicariance as an explanation for their Pantropical distribution. Hugonia and Linum, the largest genera in their respective subfamilies, are each found have multiple segregate genera nested within them, indicating potential need for taxonomic revision of each subfamily. In Linoideae, I further investigate the phylogeny of a lineage that includes the yellow-flowered Linum sections Cathartolinum, Linopsis, and Syllinum, and the segregate genera Cliococca, Hesperolinon, Radiola, and Sclerolinon, to provide a framework in which to assess character evolution, classification, and biogeography. With data from four chloroplast markers (matK, ndhF, trnK 3' intron, trnL-F region) and the nuclear ITS, and extensive sampling from Linum section Linopsis from Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas, Hesperolinon and Sclerolinon are shown to be related to a lineage of Central American linums including L. mexicanum Kunth and L. guatemalense Benth., while Cliococca is affiliated with South American Linum. The phylogeny supportes previous hypotheses of the evolution of some taxonomically important characters, and several well-supported lineages are identified which correspond to previously proposed taxonomic groupings. Results also provide evidence for a single trans-Atlantic disjunction and independent Old and New World colonizations of the southern hemisphere in yellow-flowered Linum, occurring during the Miocene.

Download or read book Molecular Phylogenetics and Systematics of Fern Genus Pellaea Section Ormopteris Pteridaceae Subfamily Cheilanthoideae written by Thelma Barbará Santos and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Phylogeny Morphological Evolution and Biogeography of the Gaultherieae Ericaceae written by Catherine Mary Bush and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tribe Gaultherieae (Ericaceae: subfamily Vaccinioideae) comprises Chamaedaphne Moench, Diplycosia Blume, Eubotrys Nutt., Eubotryoides (Nakai) Hara, Gaultheria Kalm ex L., Leucothoë D. Don, and Tepuia Camp., with a total of approximately 250 species. The tribe is defined by its four-appendaged anthers and a base chromosome number of 11, although both of these characters also occur in a closely related genus, Zenobia D. Don (tribe Andromedeae; Kron et al. 2002). The group exhibits an amphi-Pacific distribution, that is, temperate and tropical regions of the Americas, eastern Asia, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea, Australia, and New Zealand. The informally named wintergreen group (Diplycosia, Gaultheria and Tepuia) is thought to be diagnosable by the presence of methyl salicylate, although this compound has apparently been lost in many species (or has not been detected). Phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequence data have shown that the Gaultherieae and the wintergreen group are monophyletic. Optimization of morphological characters emphasized in classifications of the Gaultherieae onto the molecular phylogeny revealed that (1) fleshy calyces evolved either early in the lineage leading to the wintergreen group or later in two separate clades; (2) capsular fruits are plesiomorphic and berry fruits have evolved independently in Diplycosia and Tepuia and once or twice within a large clade containing all sampled Gaultheria sect. Pernettya members and Gaultheria species not exhibiting a berry fruit; and (3) A racemose inflorescence is the ancestral state for both the Gaultherieae and wintergreen group. Solitary-flowered inflorescences have evolved at least eight times within the Gaultherieae, with several changes back to racemose or fascicular inflorescences. The genus Leucothoë s.l. has been split into as many as three genera in current taxonomic work involving morphological data. Based on phylogenetic data, Leucothoë s.l. is divided into three genera: Eubotryoides (E. grayana), Eubotrys (E. racemosa and E. recurva), and Leucothoë s.s. (L. axillaris, L. davisiae, L. fontanesiana, L. griffithiana, and L. keiskei). Several strongly supported clades within the wintergreen group (i.e., Gaultheria s.s.) include members from a particular geographic region. Phylogenetic relationships within Gaultheria L. from Australia and New Zealand were examined by using DNA sequence data and it was found that all Australia/New Zealand species form a clade that is sister to a clade of temperate South American species. A historical biogeographical analysis that included the temperate southern hemisphere element in Gaultheria suggests a South American origin of the Australia/New Zealand clade, followed by three dispersal events from New Zealand to Australia. Whether the origin is from temperate or tropical South America is ambiguous in the analysis. The species of Gaultheria from Australia and New Zealand were analyzed using morphological data and the species number for this region was reduced from fifteen to ten; the results were corroborated by the molecular phylogeny. Finally, the disjunct Brazilian species of Gaultheria were analyzed in a molecular phylogeny. Six species of Gaultheria are endemic to the Mata Atlantica (Atlantic rainforest) in Brazil, several of which exhibit unique morphological characters within Gaultheria. A strongly supported clade of five Brazilian endemics was recovered (corresponding to the currently recognized G. ser. Myrtilloideae clade) and is sister to a clade of Gaultheria from temperate South America. Gaultheria serrata, another endemic Gaultheria species and two other Gaultheria that exhibit distributions in Brazil and the Andes are closely related to each other and other species from the Andes/Mexico. These results support the hypothesis that some Brazilian species of Gaultheria are derived from Andean ancestors. However, the G. ser. Myrtilloideae clade is imbedded within a clade containing species from temperate South America, indicating that the Andes may not have served as the only source area for the species in the Mata Atlantica of Brazil.

Download or read book Phylogeny and Character Evolution of Kielmeyeroideae Clusiaceae Based on Molecular and Morphological Data written by Christine Notis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clusiaceae are a family of approximately 1000 species with a pantropical distribution. Based on a morphology-based cladistic analysis, the family has been divided into three subfamilies: Hypericoideae, Clusioideae, and Kielmeyeroideae. Kielmeyeroideae are divided into two tribes: Calophylleae, a large, pantropical tribe (ca. 450 spp), and Endodesmieae, a small, tropical African group (comprising the two monotypic genera Endodesmia and Lebrunia). Subfamilial assignment of Endodesmieae has been uncertain. Based on fruit characters, Endodesmieae are similar to Calophylleae; however, vegetatively, they are similar to Clusioideae. A previous family-level study based on rbcL sequences confirmed the monophyly of the three traditional subfamilies except that Clusiella, traditionally a member of Clusioideae, was placed in Kielmeyeroideae. Internal support for relationships within Kielmeyeroidae was weak, leaving it unclear as to which genera Clusiella is most closely related. Species of Endodesmieae were not included in the rbcL study. The present study determined the generic relationships within Kielmeyeroideae based on phylogenetic analysis of rbcL, matK, and ITS sequence data and morphological characters. Parsimony analyses were conducted on each molecular and morphological data set separately and combined. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses were performed on separate and combined molecular data sets. Sampling included several species of most genera of Calophylleae, as well as Clusiella and the enigmatic Endodesmia. The rbcL and matK data sets support the sister-group relationship of Endodesmia to the remaining Kielmeyeroideae and the sister-group relationship of Mammea to the rest of Calophylleae. Within the core Calophylleae (all Calophylleae except Mammea), the strictly New World genera (Kielmeyera, Caraipa, Haploclathra, Clusiella, Mahurea, Neotatea, and Marila) likely form a clade, and the primarily Old World genera (Kayea, Poeciloneuron, Mesua, and Calophyllum) constitute a second clade. All morphological characters are mapped onto a total evidence tree in order to infer their evolutionary pattern. Character state reconstructions of several noteworthy morphological characters, such as the presence/absence of latex cavities and canals, leaf arrangement, presence/absence of anther glands, carpel number, fruit type, and seed form are discussed in more detail. Putative morphological synapomorphies for each genus were determined, and a key to the genera of Kielmeyeroideae is provided.

Download or read book Phylogeny Systematics and Biogeography of Cyttaria Leotiomycetes Cyttariales and Chorioactis Pezizomycetes Pezizales written by Kristin Rene Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the historical association of Cyttaria and Nothofagus , the results may support the vicariance hypothesis for the trans-Antarctic distribution between Australasian and South American species of Cyttaria species hosted by subgenus Lophozonia . They also support the hypothesis of transoceanic long distance dispersal to account for the relatively recent relationship between Australian and New Zealand Cyttaria species. Chapter 3. Chorioactis geaster exhibits an unusual geographical disjunction, with populations known only from Texas, USA and Kyushu, Japan. Phylogenetic analyses based upon molecular sequence data are used to infer the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of this fungus. The results suggest distinct American and Japanese lineages and support the hypothesis that a dematiaceous hyphomycete, Conoplea aff. elegantula , is an anamorph of Ch. geaster . Using a molecular clock, the divergence between the two Ch. geaster lineages is estimated to have occurred at least 19 mya. Despite the pronounced temporal, geographical, and molecular disjunction, the two lineages exhibit a remarkable degree of morphological stasis.

Download or read book Systematics of Trichostema L Lamiaceae and Phylogenetic Relationships with Its Disjunct Taxa in Asia written by Mingjuan Huang and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The so-called Caryopteris-Trichostema complex (Lamiaceae) consists of these two genera and several monotypic or very small genera. Trichostema is North American whereas all other taxa are Asiatic. Parsimony analyses of morphology and sequences from the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the chloroplast DNA ndhF gene were performed to assess the sectional relationships within Trichostema. A cladistic analysis of the complex was carried out using ndhF sequences to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of Trichostema with its related taxa in Asia. The monophyly of Trichostema is strongly supported in all analyses except for the morphological phylogeny. Two well-supported monophyletic sections, i.e., Chromocephalum and Trichostema, appear in all analyses. Three combinations of morphological and molecular data (ITS, ndhF, ITS plus ndhF) suggest that section Chromocephalum is sister to the rest of Trichostema, and sections Orthopodium and Paniculatum are monophyletic. Although the molecular data alone suggest that Trichostema brachiatum is not a member of section Orthopodium, morphology and all analyses of the combined morphological and molecular data suggest that T. brachiatum is sister to the rest of section Orthopodium. The ndhF phylogeny of the Caryopteris-Trichostema complex suggests that Caryopteris s.l. ii is polyphyletic; Caryopteris s. str., Pseudocaryopteris, Schnabelia, and Trichostema are strongly supported as monophyletic. Tripora divaricata, the sole member of the genus and characterized by its porate pollen, is sister to Pseudocaryopteris in a moderately supported clade. Rubiteucris is well supported as sister to Schnabelia. The ndhF analysis provides strong evidence to support the transfer of S. nepetifolia and S. terniflora from Caryopteris to Schnabelia by Cantino et al. Although the ndhF data suggest that the sister group of Trichostema is Caryopteris, with Amethystea the next most closely related taxon, the analyses that combined ITS and ndhF data with morphological data suggest that the sister group of Trichostema is Amethystea, a clade comprising Amethystea and Caryopteris, or a clade comprising Amethystea and Teucrium. The evolution of gynoecial morphology and the biogeographic history of the Caryopteris-Trichostema complex are discussed from a phylogenetic perspective.

Download or read book Phylogeny of the Spiny Lizards Sceloporus written by John Joseph Wiens and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Alien Species in Europe written by Delivering Alien Invasive Species and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-14 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological invasions by alien (non-native) species are widely recognized as a significant component of human-caused global environmental change and the second most important cause of biodiversity decline. Alien species threaten many European ecosystems and have serious environmental, economic and health impacts. The DAISIE (Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe) project has now brought together all available information on alien species in Europe (terrestrial, aquatic and marine) and from all taxa (fungi, plants, animals). Thus for the first time, an overview and assessment of biological invasions in the Pan-European region is finally possible. The Handbook of Alien Species in Europe summarises the major findings of this groundbreaking research and addresses the invasion trends, pathways, and both economic as well as ecological impact for eight major taxonomic groups. Approximately 11.000 alien species recorded in Europe are listed, and fact sheets for 100 of the most invasive alien species are included, each with a distribution map and colour illustration. The book is complemented by a regularly updated internet database providing free additional information. With its highly interdisciplinary approach, DAISIE and its Handbook will be the basis for future scientific investigations as well as management and control of alien invasive species in Europe.

Download or read book The Northwest European Pollen Flora written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2 written by Johann Greilhuber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second of two volumes on Plant Genome Diversity provides, in 20 chapters, insights into the structural evolution of plant genomes with all its variations. Starting with an outline of plant phylogeny and its reconstruction, the second part of the volume describes the architecture and dynamics of the plant cell nucleus, the third examines the evolution and diversity of the karyotype in various lineages, including angiosperms, gymnosperms and monilophytes. The fourth part presents the mechanisms of polyploidization and its biological consequences and significance for land plant evolution. The fifth part deals with genome size evolution and its biological significance. Together with Volume I, this comprehensive book on the plant genome is intended for students and professionals in all fields of plant science, offering as it does a convenient entry into a burgeoning literature in a fast-moving field.

Download or read book Aquatic Dicotyledons of North America written by Donald H. Les and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 3174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquatic Dicotyledons of North America: Ecology, Life History, and Systematics brings together a wealth of information on the natural history, ecology, and systematics of North American aquatic plants. Most books on aquatic plants have a taxonomic focus and are intended primarily for identification. Instead, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of major aquatic species by compiling information from numerous sources that lie scattered among the primary literature, herbarium databases, and other reference materials. Included dicotyledon species are those having an obligate (OBL) wetland status, a designation used in the USACE National Wetland Plant List. Recent phylogenetic analyses are incorporated and rationale is provided for interpreting this information with respect to species relationships. This diverse assemblage of information will be useful to a wide range of interests including academic researchers, wildlife managers, students, and virtually anyone interested in the natural history of aquatic and wetland plants. Although focusing specifically on North America, the cosmopolitan distribution of many aquatic plants should make this an attractive text to people working virtually anywhere outside of the region as well. This book is an essential resource for assisting with wetland delineation.

Download or read book Sikkim Himalayan Rhododendrons written by Udai C. Pradhan and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants written by Armen Leonovich Takhtadzhi͡an and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The culmination of more than fifty years of research by the foremost living expert on plant classification, Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants is an important contribution to the field of plant taxonomy. In the last decade, the system of classifying plants has been thoroughly revised. Instead of describing every individual family, Takhtajan includes descriptions in keys to families, which he calls "descriptive keys." The advantage of descriptive keys is that they give both the characteristic features of the families and their differences. The delimitation of families and orders drastically differs from the one accepted by the Englerian school and from the one accepted in Arthur Cronquist's system. Takhtajan favors the smaller, more natural families and orders, which are more coherent and better-defined, where characters are easily grasped, and which are more suitable for information retrieval and phylogenetic studies, including cladistic analysis (because it reduces polymorphic codings).