Download or read book Photosynthetic Characterisation of Tropical and Temperate Rainforest Species written by Nur Hazwani Binti Abdul Bahar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rubisco catalyses a rate-limiting step in photosynthesis and is the largest nitrogen sink in leaves. The maximum rate of carboxylation of Rubisco, Vcmax, is routinely estimated from gas exchange using the Farquhar, von Caemmerer & Berry 1980 model of photosynthesis. As Vcmax allows mechanistic representation of photosynthesis, it has been incorporated into terrestrial biosphere models to estimate global primary productivity. However, doubts remain about previous estimates of Vcmax for globally important biomes, such as moist forests, both in tropical and temperate regions. In my thesis, I present a survey of Vcmax values - calculated assuming infinite mesophyll conductance - along a 3,300-meter elevation gradient from lowland western Amazon to the Andean tree line in Peru; this region is home to the largest moist forest on Earth. Large variations in Vcmax were found within and across the 18 field sites. As hypothesised, when estimated at a common measuring temperature (25°C), average Vcmax values of lowland Amazon trees were significantly lower than that of Andean trees. When data for the lowland Amazon and upland Andean trees were combined, the resultant mean tropical Vcmax value was lower than that of temperate trees reported in past studies. My analysis points to low Vcmax of Peruvian tropical trees being linked to limitations in phosphorus supply, and to a high proportion of Rubisco being inactive. The second part of my thesis investigated how mesophyll conductance influences the estimation of Vcmax for several Australian tropical (i.e. warm-adapted) and temperate (i.e. cool-adapted) moist-forest trees. Consistent with previous glasshouse studies, the selected tropical tree species exhibited significantly lower Vcmax values than their temperate counterparts. Importantly, I showed, for the first time, that the Vcmax estimated on the basis of intercellular CO2 partial pressure was equivalent to that on the basis of chloroplastic CO2 partial pressure, when using appropriate Michaelis-Menten constants for CO2 and O2. Thus, low mesophyll conductance in tropical moist forest is unlikely to account for the low estimates of Vcmax found in the Peruvian field work study. Finally, mechanisms underpinning development of photosynthesis in tropical moist forest trees, which include ontogenetic changes in leaf anatomy, and mesophyll and stomatal conductances, were examined. Key components of photosynthesis such as Vcmax, maximum electron transport rate and chlorophyll content increased synchronously during expansion, accompanied by development of leaf internal structures such as intercellular air spaces and mesophyll cells. The balance between photosynthetic carbon uptake and respiratory release changed dramatically during leaf development, reflecting a two-fold decline in area-based rates of respiration in expanding leaves as photosynthesis became fully functional. The dataset presented in my PhD thesis adds to the growing number of empirical estimates highly needed by the photosynthetic modelling communities, and validates the accuracy of Vcmax estimation using biochemical approaches. Collectively, my study is expected to contribute towards better understanding and representation of Vcmax in tropical forests.

Download or read book Comparative Photosynthetic Characteristics of Several Rainforest Tree Species in South east Queensland written by Perry W. Swanborough and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book the photosynthetic characteristics of saplings of eight canopy tree species in a disturbed neotropical rain forest written by and published by Bib. Orton IICA / CATIE. This book was released on with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book INSTANTANEOUS PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE OF MATURE FOREST CANOPIES AND EXPERIMENTALLY WARMED SEEDLINGS written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Tropical trees have been shown to be more susceptible to warming compared to temperate species, and have shown growth and photosynthetic declines at elevated temperatures as little as 3oC above ambient. However, regional and global vegetation models lack the data needed to accurately represent physiological response to increased temperatures in tropical forests. We compared the instantaneous photosynthetic responses to elevated temperatures of four mature tropical rainforest tree species in Puerto Rico and the temperate broadleaf species sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in Michigan. Contrary to expectations, leaves in the upper canopy of both temperate and tropical forests had temperature optima that are already exceeded by mean daily leaf temperatures. This indicates that tropical and temperate forests are already seeing photosynthesis decline at mid-day temperature. This decline may worsen as air temperatures rise with climate change if trees are unable to acclimate, increasing the likelihood that forests may shift from carbon sinks to sources. A secondary study was conducted on experimentally warmed sugar maple seedlings to determine if photosynthesis had been able to acclimate to +5oC air temperature over four years. Species abundance models had predicted a decline of sugar maple within the Upper Peninsula of Michigan over the next 100 years, due to elevated temperature and altered precipitation. Instantaneous photosynthetic temperature response curves on both control and heated seedlings showed that the differences between treatments were not statistically significant, though there was a 16% increase in temperature optima and a 3% increase in maximum rates of photosynthesis in warmed plots. Though evidence of acclimation was not significant, the seedlings did not fare poorly as the models suggest.

Download or read book The Ecology of Trees in the Tropical Rain Forest written by I. M. Turner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-05 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our knowledge of the ecology of tropical rain-forest trees is limited, yet a good understanding of the trees is essential to unravelling the workings of the forest itself. This book aims to summarise contemporary understanding of the ecology of tropical rain-forest trees, with particular emphasis on comparative ecology.

Download or read book Variation in Leaf Structure Nitrogen and Photosynthesis Across Light Gradients in a Temperate and Tropical Forest written by David Scott Ellsworth and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photosynthetic Light Acclimation in P i p e r Species from a Tropical Rainforest written by Michael Burt Walters and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Canopy Photosynthesis From Basics to Applications written by Kouki Hikosaka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 30 years has seen the development of increasingly sophisticated models that quantify canopy carbon exchange. These models are now essential parts of larger models for prediction and simulation of crop production, climate change, and regional and global carbon dynamics. There is thus an urgent need for increasing expertise in developing, use and understanding of these models. This in turn calls for an advanced, yet easily accessible textbook that summarizes the “canopy science” and introduces the present and the future scientists to the theoretical background of the current canopy models. This book presents current knowledge of functioning of plant canopies, models and strategies employed to simulate canopy function, and the significance of canopy architecture, physiology and dynamics in ecosystems, landscape and biosphere.

Download or read book Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and Microorganisms written by Thomas J. Bach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isoprenoids are important in primary and secondary metabolism. They have implications in a myriad of physiological processes notably in plants, microorganisms and parasites, and biological activities at the cellular, organism, and ecosystem levels. The importance of isoprenoids in various areas of the scientific world has spurred intense research worldwide. Also their role in "nutraceuticals" has stimulated scientific curiosity. Literature on isoprenoids is widely scattered in journals with quite differing readerships and geographic distribution. A comprehensive book on isoprenoids does not exist. Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and Microorganisms: New Concepts and Experimental Approaches fills this gap by presenting the latest and the most applicable information on isoprenoids. The most recent TERPNET conference serves as the backdrop and provides much of the inspiration for the topics covered in the book. Additional topics of interest are covered as well, making Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and Microorganisms: New Concepts and Experimental Approaches the most comprehensive review of isoprenoid synthesis to date.

Download or read book Photosynthesis of Temperate Plants in Tropical Climates and Its Response to Root Zone Temperature written by Yvette Sarita Flanigan and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tropical Tree Physiology written by Guillermo Goldstein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-04 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest information on tropical tree physiology, making it a valuable research tool for a wide variety of researchers. It is also of general interest to ecologists (e.g. Ecological Society of America; > 3000 or 4000 members at annual meeting), physiologists (e.g. American Society of Plant Biologists; > 2,000 members at annual meeting), and tropical biologists (e.g. Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation, ATBC; > 500 members at annual meeting). (American Geophysical Union(AGU), > 20000 members at annual meeting). Since plant physiology is taught at every university that offers a life sciences, forestry or agricultural program, and physiology is a focus at research institutes and agencies worldwide, the book is a must-have for university and research institution libraries.

Download or read book Physiological Plant Ecology IV written by O. L. Lange and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: O. L. LANGE, P. S. NOBEL, C. B. OSMOND, and H. ZIEGLER In the last volume of the series 'Physiological Plant Ecology' we have asked contributors to address the bases of ecosystem processes in terms of key plant physiological properties. It has often been suggested that it is not profitable to attempt analysis of complex living systems in terms of the properties of component individuals or populations, i. e. , the whole is more than the sum of its parts. Nevertheless, assessments of ecological research over the last century show that other approaches are seldom more helpful. Although it is possible to describe complex systems of living organisms in holistic terms, the most useful descriptions are found in terms of the birth, growth and death of individ uals. This allows analysis of performance of the parts of the whole considering their synergistic and antagonistic interrelationships and is the basis for a synthe sis which elucidates the specific properties of a system. Thus it seems that the description of ecosystem processes is inevitably anchored in physiological under standing. If enquiry into complex living systems is to remain a scientific exercise, it must retain tangible links with physiology. Of course, as was emphasized in Vol. 12A, not all of our physiological understanding is required to explore ecosystem processes. For pragmatic purposes, the whole may be adequantely represented as a good deal less than the sum of its parts.

Download or read book Physiology of Woody Plants written by Theodore T. Kozlowski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-10-18 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely revised classic volume is an up-to-date synthesis of the intensive research devoted to woody plants. Intended primarily as a text for students and a reference for researchers, this interdisciplinary book should be useful to a broad range of scientists from agroforesters, agronomists, and arborists to plant pathologists, ecophysiologists, and soil scientists. Anyone interested in plant physiology will find this text invaluable. Includes supplementary chapter summaries and lists of general references Provides a solid foundation of reference information Thoroughly updated classic text/reference

Download or read book Leaf Respiration in Tropical and Temperate Rainforest Tree Species written by Lasantha Kumara Weerasinghe Kohontissa Wasala and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among forest biomes, tropical and temperate rainforests often show high rates of net primary production (NPP), with rainforests playing a major role in controlling current and future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and the total amount of carbon stored in vegetation globally. Quantifying rates of leaf respiration (R) of rainforest species and how changes in environment (e.g. light, short- and long-term changes in temperature (T), gradients in nutrient availability) affect R in rainforest species, is crucial in determining how much carbon dioxide is released now and will be released in the future. In this thesis, I sought to explore the effect of a range of environmental gradients on leaf R rates of rainforest tree species, both under controlled and field conditions. Leaf R in darkness (RD) and in the light (RL) exhibited marked differences between upper and lower canopy position in a tropical rainforest. When measured at prevailing growth T at each site, no systematic differences in RD or RL were evident across thermally contrasting rainforest sites in Australia, or across an elevation gradient from Amazon to Andean sites in Peru. When averaged across all forest sites, 30% light inhibition of leaf R was found. Over the 25-45 degrees Celsius range, the T sensitivity of RD was similar in upper and lower canopy leaves; although the Q10 (i.e. proportional change in leaf RD per 10 degrees Celsius rise in temperature) exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing measuring T, there were no marked differences among the thermally contrasting rainforest sites in the measuring T response. Strong evidence was found that tropical and temperate rainforest plants are equally capable of acclimating leaf RD to different growth Ts, including growth Ts higher than that were normally experiencing in their current habitats. The results suggest that rainforest species may be capable of acclimating leaf respiratory metabolism to increases in growth T associated with future global warming; with the result that warming will not necessarily lead to exponentially higher rates of respiratory carbon dioxide release from temperate and tropical rainforest ecosystems. The field studies in Peru highlighted the fact that variations in soil P availability have no systematic impact on leaf RD of tropical lowland forests; this finding was supported by controlled environment study showing that deficiencies in leaf phosphate did not result in lower rates of leaf RD. Collectively, these findings have implications for vegetation-climate models that seek to predict carbon fluxes between rainforests and the atmosphere.

Download or read book Environmental Systems and Societies for the IB Diploma Coursebook written by Paul Guinness and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-12 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Systems and Societies for the IB Diploma follows the latest syllabus for first examination in 2017. Environmental Systems and Societies for the IB Diploma, 2nd edition, encourages critical and reflective thinking skills and promotes international-mindedness. ESL Speakers are supported throughout with a focus on vocabulary and straightforward explanation of topics appropriate for SL students. Real-world case studies bring theory to life and motivate students to delve into current global issues. Theory of Knowledge is integrated throughout with added discussion points to spark debate in class. Exam-style questions build skills on analysis, evaluation and interpretation. Additional teacher support offers help with planning lessons, differentiated learning and guidance about the Internal Assessment, fieldwork, exam preparation and Extended Essay.

Download or read book American Journal of Botany written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photosynthetic Characteristics of the Dominant Tree Species in Two Climatically Different Landscapes written by Mary K. Bresee and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing leaf level processes in the context of other hierarchical levels (e.g., whole-plant, canopy, species, and landscape) is a current focus of ecophysiologists, and a discipline requiring additional research. The primary study objective was to examine foliar responses to light gradients (i.e., photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) across different species, age classes, and vertical positions in two landscapes: the northern deciduous forests of Wisconsin (CNF) and the Ozark highlands of southeastern Missouri (Ozarks). We measured the photosynthetic response of several light curve characteristics (e.g., maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax), stomatal conductance at Amax (gsmax), apparent quantum yield (f), and compensation point (G), and dark respiration rate (RD)) changes in microclimate (e.g., vapor pressure deficit (VPD), temperature, and fraction of PAR intercepted (fPAR)), leaf (e.g., SPAD chlorophyll concentration, (SCL)), and canopy characteristics (e.g., canopy openness) of ten tree species in two climatically different landscapes. Species include bigtooth aspen, paper birch, red oak, red maple and sugar maple (CNF) and shortleaf pine, hickory, scarlet, black, and white oaks (Ozarks). Three stand age classes (i.e., young, intermediate, and mature) were measured for all species in CNF. Stand age (CNF), species, and canopy position significantly affected a majority of the photosynthetic characteristics (a = 0.10). Furthermore, photosynthetic characteristics of shade intolerant species were typically greater than shade tolerant (p