Download or read book Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Solvated Electrons in Liquid Microjets written by Alexander Truesdell Shreve and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents studies of the binding energies of solvated electrons in a variety of solutions. Solvated electrons play an important role in radiation chemistry and biology, and have been the subject of many studies since their discovery over a century ago. Information on their binding energies, however, has been limited to the results of theoretical calculations or inference from work with small solvent clusters. To directly measure the solvated electron vertical binding energies (VBEs) in bulk solution, a new apparatus was constructed coupling a liquid microjet source to a photoelectron spectrometer. Using two photons from individual pulses of a nanosecond laser, solvated electrons were generated and detached to vacuum. Their kinetic energies were then measured with a field-free time-of-flight spectrometer. Studies are presented here that utilize this apparatus to measure the VBEs of solvated electrons in water, methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile. Preliminary efforts to study solvated electrons in tetrahydrofuran are also described. The findings of these studies are compared to past work on small solvent clusters, doped with either an excess electron or an alkali metal atom. A second generation liquid microjet apparatus is also described. Using a magnetic bottle time-of-flight spectrometer, the collection efficiency of the next generation apparatus will be significantly higher than the original apparatus.
Download or read book Dynamics of Electron Relaxation Studied Using Time Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Liquid Microjets written by Madeline Hyde Elkins and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The solvated electron, an isolated electron in polar solution, is a species of fundamental interest to the physics of solvation and to the understanding of condensed phase reactions in the presence of ionizing radiation. In radiation chemistry and biology, the solvated electron acts as a powerful reductant and has been shown to act as a reagent in a wide range of processes from atmospheric chemistry to radiation-induced DNA damage. As the "simplest'' quantum mechanical solute, the solvated electron serves as a fundamental probe of solute-solvent interaction and thus has been used as a model system for studying solvation processes. Here, time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is used to study the binding motifs and solvation dynamics of solvated electrons in various polar solvents. This thesis is separated into three parts: first, an introduction to the research and description of the apparatus, second, results from experiments on the relaxation dynamics of the solvated electron after photoexciation and after generation by charge-transfer-to-solvent and, third, preliminary designs and proposed experiments for a liquid jet photoelectron spectrometer with attosecond time resolution.
Download or read book Ultrafast Photoelectron Spectroscopy Near Liquid Water Interfaces written by Katrin Rita Siefermann and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Exotic Species written by Terry A. Yen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Exotic Species By Terry A. Yen Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Professor Daniel M. Neumark, Chair Anion photoelectron spectroscopy is performed on a variety of small, unstable species in both the gas and condensed phases. For the gas-phase studies, the properties of the astrophysically significant molecules C3N- and C5N- and the biologically meaningful deprotonated DNA nucleobases were investigated. Spectra of C3N- and C5N- were obtained at 283 nm using slow electron velocity-map imaging and at 213 nm using field-free time-of-flight, respectively. Adiabatic electron affinities for both species, a term value for the first excited state of C5N, and vibrational frequencies for the degenerate cis and trans bending modes of C3N were determined. Spectra of deprotonated thymine and deprotonated cytosine at 213 nm were obtained to explore their excited state dynamics to understand the photostability of DNA. For the condensed phase studies, a new spectrometer, the liquid microjet apparatus, was assembled and used to measure the vertical binding energy of the solvated electron. A microjet flowing a salt solution intersects a laser at either 266 nm or 213 nm. Two photons from a single nanosecond laser pulse are used to first generate solvated electrons using charge-transfer-to-solvent excitation and to then eject them into vacuum, where they are detected using field-free time-of-flight.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 5276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, Seven Volume Set summarizes current, fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, bringing readers the latest developments in the field. As the chemical and physical properties and processes at solid and liquid interfaces are the scientific basis of so many technologies which enhance our lives and create new opportunities, its important to highlight how these technologies enable the design and optimization of functional materials for heterogeneous and electro-catalysts in food production, pollution control, energy conversion and storage, medical applications requiring biocompatibility, drug delivery, and more. This book provides an interdisciplinary view that lies at the intersection of these fields. Presents fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, surface science and electrochemistry and provides cutting-edge research from academics and practitioners across various fields and global regions
Download or read book Solvent Effects for Vertical Ionization Processes in Liquid Water and at the Liquid vapor Interface written by Marc P. L. Coons and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid microjet photoelectron spectroscopy is a state-of-the-art experimental technique that provides avenues for investigating ultrafast charge and energy transfer processes in liquid water and aqueous solutions. The emphasis of this work is placed on making contact with recent liquid microjet experiments of hydrated electrons, e-(aq), in liquid water and at the liquid-vapor interface from a computational perspective. Since its discovery nearly 55 years ago, e-(aq) has attracted significant attention from both experimental and theoretical communities due to its crucial role in radiation chemistry and its relatively elusive structure in liquid water at ambient conditions. Historically, the primary observable of hydrated electrons has been a well-characterized optical absorption spectrum, but with the advent of liquid microject spectroscopy, this has shifted to measurements of its relative binding energy below vacuum level. Some experiments utilizing this methodology have been interpreted to suggest that e-(aq) at the liquid-vapor interface is energetically dissimilar than in liquid water, and that, unlike the more strongly bound species in liquid, it can potentially undergo destructive reactions with solvated DNA molecules.
Download or read book Physical Chemistry of Gas Liquid Interfaces written by Jennifer A. Faust and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Chemistry of Gas-Liquid Interfaces, the first volume in the Developments in Physical & Theoretical Chemistry series, addresses the physical chemistry of gas transport and reactions across liquid surfaces. Gas–liquid interfaces are all around us, especially within atmospheric systems such as sea spry aerosols, cloud droplets, and the surface of the ocean. Because the reaction environment at liquid surfaces is completely unlike bulk gas or bulk liquid, chemists must readjust their conceptual framework when entering this field. This book provides the necessary background in thermodynamics and computational and experimental techniques for scientists to obtain a thorough understanding of the physical chemistry of liquid surfaces in complex, real-world environments. 2019 PROSE Awards - Winner: Category: Chemistry and Physics: Association of American Publishers Provides an interdisciplinary view of the chemical dynamics of liquid surfaces, making the content of specific use to physical chemists and atmospheric scientists Features 100 figures and illustrations to underscore key concepts and aid in retention for young scientists in industry and graduate students in the classroom Helps scientists who are transitioning to this field by offering the appropriate thermodynamic background and surveying the current state of research
Download or read book Experimental Methods in Photoelectron Emission Spectroscopy Solvated Electrons in Liquid Ammonia written by H. Aulich and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report describes in rather minute detail the experimental methods developed in the study of photoelectron emission by solvated electrons in liquid ammonia. A number of practical difficulites were overcome, and information about them and techniques in general may prove useful to workers in the field. (Author).
Download or read book Electron and Phonon Spectrometrics written by Chang Q Sun and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest advances and future trends in electron and phonon spectrometrics, focusing on combined techniques using electron emissions, electron diffraction, and phonon absorption and reflection spectrometrics from a substance under various perturbations to obtain new information on bond-electron-phonon dynamics. Discussing the principles of the bond order-length-strength (BOLS) correlation, nonbonding electron polarization (NEP), local bond average (LBA), and multi-field lattice oscillation dynamics for systems under perturbation, the book covers topics like differential photoelectron/phonon spectrometrics (DPS), which distils transition of the length, energy, stiffness and the fraction of bonds upon chemical or physical conditioning; and the derived performance of electrons in various bands in terms of quantum entrapment and polarization. This book appeals to researchers, scientists and engineers in the fields of chemistry, physics, surface and interface science, and materials science and engineering who are interested in electron and phonon spectrometrics.
Download or read book Nanodroplets written by Zhiming M. Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanodroplets, the basis of complex and advanced nanostructures such as quantum rings, quantum dots and quantum dot clusters for future electronic and optoelectronic materials and devices, have attracted the interdisciplinary interest of chemists, physicists and engineers. This book combines experimental and theoretical analyses of nanosized droplets which reveal many attractive properties. Coverage includes nanodroplet synthesis, structure, unique behaviors and their nanofabrication, including chapters on focused ion beam, atomic force microscopy, molecular beam epitaxy and the "vapor-liquid- solid" route. Particular emphasis is given to the behavior of metallic nanodroplets, water nanodroplets and nanodroplets in polymer and metamaterial nanocomposites. The contributions of leading scientists and their research groups will provide readers with deeper insight into the chemical and physical mechanisms, properties, and potential applications of various nanodroplets.
Download or read book Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry written by Bretislav Friedrich and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-19 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.
Download or read book Physical Chemistry of Cold Gas Phase Functional Molecules and Clusters written by Takayuki Ebata and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes advanced research on the structures and photochemical properties of polyatomic molecules and molecular clusters having various functionalities under cold gas-phase conditions. Target molecules are crown ethers, polypeptides, large size protonated clusters, metal clusters, and other complex polyatomic molecules of special interest. A variety of advanced frequency and time-domain laser spectroscopic methods are applied. The book begins with the principle of an experimental setup for cold gas-phase molecules and various laser spectroscopic methods, followed by chapters on investigation of specific molecular systems. Through a molecular-level approach and analysis by quantum chemical calculation, it is possible to learn how atomic and molecular-level interactions (van der Waals, hydrogen-bonding, and others) control the specific properties of molecules and clusters. Those properties include molecular recognition, induced fitting, chirality, proton and hydrogen transfer, isomerization, and catalytic reaction. The information will be applicable to the design of new types of functional molecules and nanoparticles in the broad area that includes applied chemistry, drug delivery systems, and catalysts.
Download or read book Reviews in Computational Chemistry Volume 28 written by Abby L. Parrill and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Reviews in Computational Chemistry series brings together leading authorities in the field to teach the newcomer and update the expert on topics centered around molecular modeling, such as computer-assisted molecular design (CAMD), quantum chemistry, molecular mechanics and dynamics, and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). This volume, like those prior to it, features chapters by experts in various fields of computational chemistry. Topics in Volume 28 include: Free-energy Calculations with Metadynamics Polarizable Force Fields for Biomolecular Modeling Modeling Protein Folding Pathways Assessing Structural Predictions of Protein-Protein Recognition Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Electrochemical Systems Reactivity and Dynamics at Liquid Interfaces
Download or read book Electron Spectroscopy of Solvated Ions and Liquid Surfaces written by Sven Holmberg and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Hydrated Electron written by Edwin James Hart and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1970 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photoelectron Spectroscopy written by Stephan Hüfner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author, S. Hüfner, presents an authoritative and up-to-date introduction to the field by comprehensively treating the electronic structures of atoms, molecules, solids, and surfaces. Brief descriptions are given of inverse photoemission, spin-polarized photoemission and photoelectron diffraction. Experimental aspects are considered throughout the third edition book and the results are carefully interpreted in terms of the theory. A wealth of measured data is presented in tabulator form for easy use by experimentalists. The reader will learn about the basic technique of photoemission spectroscopy and obtain the necessary background for work based on this book.
Download or read book The Attribute of Water written by Chang Q Sun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-13 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features the latest advances and future trends in water science and technology. It also discusses the scientific popularization and quantitative resolution of a variety of mysterious properties of water and ice from the perspective of hydrogen-bond cooperativity in response to stimuli such as chemical contamination, electrification, magnetification, mechanical compression, molecular undercoordination, and thermal excitation. Anomalies include the floating of ice, the Hofmeister effect in solutions, regelation of ice, slipperiness of ice, water’s tough skin, the Mpemba paradox, and the floating bridge. It also addresses the superfluidity of microchannels, hydrogen bond potentials, nanodroplet and bubble thermodynamics, quasisolidity and supersolidity, controlling superhydrophobicity–superhydrophilicity transition, and high-pressure ice formation. The target audience for this book includes students, senior scholars, engineers and practitioners in the area of physical chemistry, biology, as well as aqueous and colloid solutions.
