Download or read book Photoelectron Emission by Solvated Electrons in Liquid Ammonia written by H. Aulich and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoelectron emission (PEE) by potassium (0.002 to 3 mole/liter) and sodium (0.013 to 0.21 and 7.2 mole/liter) in liquid ammonia at -60C was studied from 1.55 to 5.4 eV. The PEE spectrum is composed of the previously reported band with its maximum about 3.2 eV and a new band peaking about 4.6 eV. The highly asymmetric low-energy band is assigned to PEE by solvated electrons. Its interpretation by a recent model for PEE by solutions results in a linear dependence of the range of quasi-free electrons in solution on photon energy. The 4.6 eV symmetric PEE band is interpreted as the result of bound-bound transitions followed by autoionization. Experimental methods are outlined. (Author).
Download or read book Experimental Methods in Photoelectron Emission Spectroscopy Solvated Electrons in Liquid Ammonia written by H. Aulich and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report describes in rather minute detail the experimental methods developed in the study of photoelectron emission by solvated electrons in liquid ammonia. A number of practical difficulites were overcome, and information about them and techniques in general may prove useful to workers in the field. (Author).
Download or read book Electrons in Fluids written by Joshua Jortner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colloque Weyl I was convened in June 1963 at the Catholic University of Lille to commemorate one hundred years of the study of metal-ammonia solutions. This memorable event, which involved a "single-particle excitation", inspired Gerard Lepoutre to assemble an international group of physicists and chemists to discuss the nature of metal-ammonia solutions. Colloque Weyl II, which took 1969, was initiated as a place at Cornell Universtiy, Ithaca, N.Y. in June "cooperative interaction" between M. J. Sienko, J. L. Dye, J. J. Lagowski, G. Lepoutre and J. C. Thompson. That meeting made it clear that Colloque Weyl should be continued in order to promote the fruitful exchange of ideas set in motion at Lille and at Cornell. Colloque Weyl III came into being as the result of a resolution passed at the Cornell meeting, Tel-Aviv University being the suggested site. The Organizing Committee consisted ofE. D. Bergmann, J. Jortner, J. J. Lagowski, G. Lepoutre, U. Schindewolf and M. J. Sienko, reflecting the international and interdisciplinary aspects of the field.
Download or read book An Interpretation of Photoelectron Emission Spectroscopy written by Paul Delahay and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of photoelectron emission (PEE) by solutions is decomposed into two steps: generation of electrons in unbound states in solution by irradiation; escape of unbound electrons into the gas above the solution. The transition rate for the first step is expressed in terms of the photon energy and the energy for transition to the continuum. The complete absorption band for bound-unbound transitions in solution is calculated. Experimental PEE currents for different emitters (solvated electrons in liquid ammonia or hexamethyl phosphoric triamide, ferrocyanide in water) vary linearly with photon energy after normalization to a constant transition rate. This result in interpreted by assuming that unbound electrons undergo a random walk in solution and lose their kinetic energy at a rate inversely proportional to their speed. The Schottky effect on PEE is also interpreted. (Author).
Download or read book Excess Electrons in Dielectric Media written by Christiane Ferradini and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-08-05 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive review of the present knowledge and current problems concerning physical-chemical aspects of the behavior of excess electrons in various media. The book's 13 chapters strike a balance between theoretical and experimental accounts and provide in-depth presentations of specific subjects. Among the several topics discussed in this stimulating volume are primary interactions, transport, and relaxation of excess electrons of a few tens of electron-Volts in various solid and liquid materials; energetics and transport properties of electrons after thermalization in non-polar dielectric liquids; quantum simulation methods; and electron solvation in polar liquids and of excess electrons trapped in polar matrices at low temperature. Applications of these concepts are discussed as well, including hot electron transport in silicon dioxide, the fate of excess electrons created in polar dielectric liquids by photoelectrochemical methods or by cathodic generation, and excess electron production and decay in organic microheterogeneous systems. Researchers, instructors, and engineers working in the radiation sciences, condensed-matter physics, chemical physics, biophysics, photochemistry, and the biochemistry of electron transfer and electrochemistry should consider this book to be an invaluable reference resource.
Download or read book Diamond as a Solvated Electron Source for Nitrogen Reduction written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diamond is a semiconductor with a wide bandgap of 5.5 eV. When diamond surface is terminated with hydrogen, the conduction-band energy lies about 1 eV above the "vacuum level". This property is termed `negative electron affinity'. Electrons can be photoexcited with photons at energies greater than 5.5 eV and directly emitted into vacuum. Although some semiconductors can photoemit electrons into vacuum, the photocorrosion and degradation of surface modification preclude any substantial attempts to achieve such emission in water. The chemical stability of diamond enables it to act as a non-vacuum photoelectron emitter, which has not been explored previously. The high-energy photoemitted electrons are dissolved in water forming solvated electrons and then initiate reduction reactions. This allows us to bring active electrons to the reactants rather than requiring them to adsorb on catalytic surface to perform electron transfer, which could be beneficial for the reduction of non-adsorptive molecules such as CO2 and N2. The presence of solvated electrons have been confirmed by transient light absorption, an in-situ technique we developed to probe fast optical absorption. The diamond's NEA property and the electron emission from diamond to the adjacent liquid are believed to be necessary for an efficient nitrogen reduction. However, the NEA surface of diamond is vulnerable to oxidation under UV irradiation. The stability and efficiency of electron photoemission has been improved by replacing H-termination with amino termination. The enhanced stability of amino-termination is demonstrated by comparing the nitrogen and oxygen surface coverage before and after extended UV illumination. The protonated amino groups also aid the transfer of electrons to the surface and augment the chance of photoemission. Despite the numerous known reactions of the solvated electron in the literature, reactions involving N2 are new. The mechanism of nitrogen reduction by solvated electrons is investigated via a combination of theoretical modeling and experimental verification. My collaborators and I propose that nitrogen reduction occurs via hydrogen atom addition at early reduction steps and sequential protonation / direct reduction by solvated electron at later steps. The predicted pH-dependence of ammonia yield by our computational model matches well with the experimental result.
Download or read book Electron Emission from Solutions of Solvated Electrons written by Bill N. Baron and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The rate of the reaction of the solvated electron with the ammonium ion in liquid ammonia at 35 degrees written by Jon Michael Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrons in Liquid Ammonia written by James Chilton Thompson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1976 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inorganic Chemistry of the Main Group Elements written by C C Addison and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.
Download or read book Photoionization Spectrum of Solvated Electrons written by H. Aulich and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoionization cross sections are reported for solvated electrons at photon energies from 1.2 to 4.1 eV and the sodium species Na( - ) (2.8 to 4.1 eV) in hexamethyl phosphoric triamide (HMPA). Cross sections are obtained by the recently developed method of energy distribution curve (EDC) superposition for photoelectron emission by solutions of sodium metal (5 to 96 millimole/liter) in HMPA. The EDC's, spectral response curves for quantum yield, and cross section curves are discussed, and photoionization mechanisms are suggested for the Na( - ) species. Experimental methods are briefly outlined. This seems to be the first determination of cross sections for solvated electrons and the Na( - ) species in a liquid solution of high ionic conductivity. (Author).
Download or read book The Rate of the Reaction of the Solvated Electron with the Ammonium Ion in Liquid Ammonia at 35 superscript O written by Jon Michael Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Inventory of Current Energy Research and Development written by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modern ESCAThe Principles and Practice of X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy written by Tery L. Barr and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern ESCA: The Principles and Practice of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy is a unique text/reference that focuses on the branch of electron spectroscopy generally labeled as either Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) or X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The book emphasizes the use of core level and valence band binding energies, their shifts, and line widths. It describes the background, present status, and possible future uses of a number of recently developed branches of ESCA, including:
