Download or read book Polymer Photodegradation written by J.F. Rabek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40~60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. The photochemical instability of most polymers limits their outdoor application as they are photodegraded quickly over periods from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegradation and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from knowledge collected in laboratories. In order to improve polymer photostability there has been a very big effort during the last 30 years to understand the mechanisms involved in photodegradation and environmental ageing. This book represents the author's attempt, based on his 25 years' experience in research on photodegradation and photo stabilization, to collect and generalize a number of available data on the photodegradation of polymers. The space limitation and the tremendous number of publications in the past two decades have made a detailed presentation of all important results and data difficult. The author apologizes to those whose work has not been quoted or widely presented in this book. Because many published results are very often contradictory, it has been difficult to present a fully critical review of collected knowledge, without antagonizing authors. For that reason, all available theories, mechanisms and different suggestions have been presented together, and only practice can evaluate which of them are valid.
Download or read book Photodegradation of Water Pollutants written by Martin M. Halmann and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-11-01 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photodegradation of Water Pollutants, the only complete survey available of current photocatalytic methods for treating water pollutants, covers all aspects of light-stimulated detoxification. Ideal for researchers and students, this new book explains methods for pollution treatment that have proven more effective than conventional biodegradation. Photodegradation of Water Pollutants examines advanced oxidation processes that have been successful in treating the chemical substances produced by industrial effluents and intensive agriculture. These oxidation processes include irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light, the use of homogenous sensitizers, such as dyes, and the use of heterogeneous photocatalysts, such as dispersed semiconductors. In addition, Photodegradation of Water Pollutants addresses the naturally occurring self-cleaning of some pollutants in sunlit surface waters, as well as several alternative non-photochemical approaches to water treatment. Available treatment options are discussed for the main groups of water pollutants, including toxic inorganic ions (cyanides, heavy metals), hydrocarbon derivatives (oil spills, surfactants, pulp and paper wastes), halocarbons, organo-N, organo-P, and organo-S compounds. The text also contains a unique section on the economics of advanced oxidation pollution treatments.
Download or read book Photodegradation of Polymers written by Jan F. Rabek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book on physical characteristics and practical aspects of polymer photodegradation Rabek emphasizes the experimental work on the subject. The most important feature of the book is the physical interpretation of polymer degradation, e.g. mechanism of UV/light absorption, formation of excited states, energy transfer mechanism, kinetics, dependence on physical properties of macromolecules and polymer matrices, formation of mechanical defects, practics during environmental ageing. He includes also some aspects of polymer photodegradation in environmental and space condition.
Download or read book Advanced Functional Materials and Methods for Photodegradation of Toxic Pollutants written by Ajay Kumar Mishra and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-20 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Functional Materials and Methods for Photodegradation of Toxic Pollutants addresses the potential role of visible active photocatalytic methods for the removal of various emerging and persistent organic pollutants (POPs.) Describing the classification, sources and potential risks of emerging organics in water bodies and the environment, the book covers the different synthesis methods of visible active structured photocatalysts and structure related properties to their applications in photocatalytic processes for the removal of antibiotics, pharma and heavy metal pollutants. This book provides an invaluable reference to academics, researchers and technicians in chemical engineering, chemistry and environmental science. In addition, the mechanistic insights associated with the interaction of advanced functional materials and water pollutants along with the possible reaction pathway occurring during the visible light induced photocatalytic processes together with toxicity are discussed in detail along with the reutilization of catalysts, supporting the inherent reaction conditions performed with natural conditions. - Covers the recent progress in nano photocatalytic materials - Explores the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of pollutants - Includes the controlled synthesis of nanostructured photocatalysts and their modifications for targeted pollutants
Download or read book Photodegradation photooxidation and photostabilization of polymers written by Bengt G. Ränby and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photodegradation and Photostabilization of Coatings written by Socrates Peter Pappas and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Degradation of Polymers written by R.G. Compton and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1975-01-01 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Degradation of Polymers
Download or read book The Effect of Selected Anthraquinones on the Photodegradation of Textile Fibers written by Maureen Ruth Benedict and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photodegradation written by Frank Soto and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2018-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent development of plasmonic photocatalysts for photodegradation of organic pollutants / Tao Li, Huijuan Jing and Deliang Chen -- Photodegradation of profoxydim herbicide; kinetics, phytotoxicity bioassay and determination of relevant parameters by QSAR models / P. Sandín-España, J. J. Villaverde, B. Sevilla-Morán, M. J. Patiño-Ropero, J. L. Alonso-Prados and I. Santín-Montanyá -- Photodegradation mechanism of cyanine dyes / Masanori Fuyuki -- Photochemistry of cobalamins / Kiran Qadeer, Adeel Arsalan, Zubair Anwar and Iqbal Ahmad -- Two dimensional (2D) tungsten disulfide (WS2) as a cocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants / S. V. Prabhakar Vattikuti -- Photodegradation of water contaminants and humic acids of different nature and genesis using various light sources / Irina V. Sokolova and Olga N. Tchaikovskaya.
Download or read book Green Photocatalytic Semiconductors written by Seema Garg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-20 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises a detailed overview on the role of photocatalysts for environmental remediation, hydrogen production and carbon dioxide reduction. Effective ways to enhance the photocatalytic activity of the material via doping, hybrid material, laser light and nanocomposites have been discussed in this book. The book also further elaborates the role of metal nanoparticles, rare earth doping, sensitizers, surface oxygen vacancy, interface engineering and band gap engineering for enhancing the photocatalytic activity. An approach to recover the photocatalytic material via immobilization is also presented. This book brings to light much of the recent research in the development of such semiconductor photocatalytic systems. The book will thus be of relevance to researchers in the field of: material science, environmental science & technology, photocatalytic applications, newer methods of energy generation & conversion and industrial applications.
Download or read book Effect of Carotenoid Photodegradation Products on in Vitro Immune Function Parameters written by Abdur Rahman and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Liquid and Crystal Nanomaterials for Water Pollutants Remediation written by Uma Shanker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-07-07 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoscience technology is playing a vital role in multidisciplinary research due to its unique characteristics at nanoscale as compared to bulk materials. In view of such excellent properties, like high surface area, semiconducting nature, and non-toxicity, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising means to curb pollution. Liquid and crystal nanomaterials aim for products and processes that are ecofriendly, economically sustainable, safe, and energy-efficient. One of the most popular fields widely adopted is photocatalysis of nanomaterials that involves photo-conduction in efficient removal/degradation of noxious pollutants. This book focuses on generation of liquid and crystal nanomaterials for environmental remediation.
Download or read book Identification and Determination of Impurities in Drugs written by S. Görög and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-05-19 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impurity profiling is the common name of a group of analytical activities, the aim of which is the detection, identification/structure elucidation and quantitative determination of organic and inorganic impurities, as well as residual solvents in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. Since this is the best way to characterise the quality and stability of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations, this is the core activity in modern drug analysis.Due to the very rapid development of the analytical methodologies available for this purpose and the similarly rapid increase of the demands as regards the purity of drugs it is an important task to give a summary of the problems and the various possibilities offered by modern analytical chemistry for their solution. That is the aim of this book.The book is methodology-oriented. In the first chapter some important aspects of the background of impurity-related analytical studies (toxicological, pharmacopoeial aspects, the characterisation of the sources of impurities and the role of impurity profiling in various fields of drug research, production and therapeutic use) are summarised. Chapter two deals with related organic impurities, the strategies for impurity profiling, the use of chromatographic and related separation methods, spectroscopic, and hyphenated techniques. The subject of the third chapter is the identification and determination of residual solvents. The determination of inorganic impurities is discussed in chapter four. The special problems of degradation products as impurities are dealt with in chapter five. A separate chapter has been compiled to deal with one of the most up-to-date problems in contemporary pharmaceutical analysis, the estimation of enantiomeric purity of chiral drugs. Chapter seven is devoted to various approaches to solve the problem of polymorphic modifications as impurities. Since in the broader sense of the word the microbiological purity of drugs and drug products also belongs to this circle, the most important information from this field is summarised in chapter eight. After the mainly methodology-oriented chapters, the final one concentrates on four groups of drugs (peptides, biotechnological products, antibiotics and steroids) in order to demonstrate the use of the methods described earlier.
Download or read book Photostabilization of Polymers written by J.F. Rabek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40-60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. Increasing the stability of polymers and plastics towards heat, light, atmospheric oxygen and other environmental agents and weathering conditions has always been a very important problem. The photochemical instability of most of polymers limits them to outdoor application, where they are photo degraded fast over periods ranging from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegrada tion and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from knowledge collected in laboratories. In many cases, improved methods of preparation and purification of both monomers and polymers yield products of better quality and higher resistance to heat and light. However, without stabilization of polymers by applica tion of antioxidants (to decrease thermal oxidative degradation) and photostabilizers (to decrease photo-oxidative degradation) it would be impossible to employ polymers and plastics in everyday use.
Download or read book Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis written by E. PELIZZETTI and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the oil crisis of 1973, researchers in various fields of chemistry have proposed various schemes to conserve energy, as well to convert the sun's abundant and limitless supply of energy to produce chemical fuels (e. g. , hydrogen from water, . •. ). The enthusiasm had no previous parallel in the mid-1970's. Unfortunately, despite the several good proposals, the results have proven - in retrospect - somewhat disappointing from an economic viable point of view. The reasons for the meagre results are manyfold not the least of which are the experimental difficulties encountered in storage systems. Moreover, the lack of a concerted, well orchestrated interdisciplinary approach has been significant. By contrast, the chemical advances made in the understanding of the processes involved in such schemes have been phenomenal. A recent book on this issue ( M. Gratzel, Energy Resources through Photochemistry and Catalysis, 1983) is witness to the various efforts and approaches taken by researchers. In the recent years, many more groups have joined in these efforts, and the number of papers in the lit~rature is staggering ! One of the motives for organizing this NATO Advanced Research Workshop stemmed from our view that it was time to take stock of the accomplishments and rather than propose new schemes, it was time to consider seriously avenues that are most promising.
Download or read book Estimating Exposure to Dioxin like Compounds Site specific assessment procedures written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 195 written by David M. Whitacre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-23 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.
