Download or read book Photochemical Crosslinking Reactions in Polymers written by Nicholas Carbone and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen abstraction can be forced to occur either from the pendant group or the chain backbone, leading to systems in which chain scission is not possible and combination can be exclusively selected. Non-radical based crosslinking chemistries can also be used to produce crosslinks without risk of chain scission. These findings have a wide applicability in many fields and implications for the improved design of radical-based crosslinking systems.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Photophysical Processes and Photochemical Reactions in Polymers written by J. F. Rabek and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1987 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades, photophysical and photochemical processes have become important in many branches of polymer chemistry. The author use s such advances to illustrate his systematic description of mechanisms for the most important photoreactions, and presents a review of the field.
Download or read book Light Associated Reactions of Synthetic Polymers written by A. Ravve and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-15 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines theoretical explanations of the reactions of light and polymeric materials with development of light responsive polymeric materials for various practical applications. Photo associated reactions and light responsive materials have great potential to improve existing industrial processes, including capturing solar energy. This book presents a range of reactions and materials with some of the most exciting current and future applications.
Download or read book Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry 2 written by G. Smets and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry-2 contains invited lectures presented at the Second IUPAC Symposium on Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry held at Leuven, Belgium on June 2-4, 1976. This book contains 11 papers separated as chapters. Topics include energy transfer processes; photoinitiation of polymerization; solid-state polymerization mechanisms; photoinduced ionic polymerizations; and photoconductive polymers. This text also discusses energy transfer phenomena in high polymer systems; laser spectroscopical methods for the study of primary processes during the photodegradation; photooxidation of high polymers; and reaction selectivity and molecular association in photochemical reactions of nucleic acids and their constituents. New developments in photochromic polymers and related phenomena, as well as the design of photoreactive polymer systems for imaging processes are also explained.
Download or read book Modification of Polymers written by Charles E. Carraher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sheer volume of topics which could have been included under our general title prompted us to make some rather arbitrary decisions about content. Modification by irradiation is not included because the activity in this area is being treated elsewhere. We have chosen to emphasize chemical routes to modification and have striven to pre sent as balanced a representation of current activity as time and page count permit. Industrial applications, both real and potential, are included. Where appropriate, we have encouraged the contributors to include review material to help provide the reader with adequate context. The initial chapter is a review from a historical perspective of polymer modification and contains an extensive bibliography. The remainder of the book is divided into four general areas: Reactions and Preparation of Copolymers Reactions and Preparation of Block and Graft Copolymers Modification Through Condensation Reactions Applications The chemical modification of homopolymers such as polyvinylchlo ride, polyethylene, poly(chloroalkylene sulfides), polysulfones, poly chloromethylstyrene, polyisobutylene, polysodium acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloroformate, sulfonated polystyrene; block and graft copolymers such as poly(styrene-block-ethylene-co-butylene block-styrene), poly(I,4-polybutadiene-block ethylene oxide), star chlorine-telechelic polyisobutylene, poly(isobutylene-co-2,3-dimethyl- 1,3-butadiene), poly(styrene-co-N-butylmethacrylate); cellulose, dex tran and inulin, is described.
Download or read book Photochemistry and Photophysics of Polymeric Materials written by Norman S. Allen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-22 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the state of the technology, from fundamentals to new materials and applications Today's electronic devices, computers, solar cells, printing, imaging, copying, and recording technology, to name a few, all owe a debt to our growing understanding of the photophysics and photochemistry of polymeric materials. This book draws together, analyzes, and presents our current understanding of polymer photochemistry and photophysics. In addition to exploring materials, mechanisms, processes, and properties, the handbook also highlights the latest applications in the field and points to new developments on the horizon. Photochemistry and Photophysics of Polymer Materials is divided into seventeen chapters, including: Optical and luminescent properties and applications of metal complex-based polymers Photoinitiators for free radical polymerization reactions Photovoltaic polymer materials Photoimaging and lithographic processes in polymers Photostabilization of polymer materials Photodegradation processes in polymeric materials Each chapter, written by one or more leading experts and pioneers in the field, incorporates all the latest findings and developments as well as the authors' own personal insights and perspectives. References guide readers to the literature for further investigation of individual topics. Together, the contributions represent a series of major developments in the polymer world in which light and its energy have been put to valuable use. Not only does this reference capture our current state of knowledge, but it also provides the foundation for new research and the development of new materials and new applications.
Download or read book Current Trends in Polymer Photochemistry written by Norman S. Allen and published by Prentice Hall PTR. This book was released on 1995 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The degradation and stabilisation of polymeric materials is of crucial interest to any chemist working in this field. This book offers up-to-date information on light-related characteristics of polymers, and represents a compilation of specialised topics from prestigious international authorities in polymer photochemistry.
Download or read book Photochemical Crosslinking of Polymers written by Ernesto F. Engel and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is concerned with the photochemical crosslinking of polystyrene with bismaleimides. The cis,cis-1,2-photocycloaddition of maleimide to benzene is a symmetry-allowed process. The Hückel-MO treatment was carried out for maleimide and the results adopted for the orbital correlation diagram of the above reaction. The cis,cis-1,2-photocycloaddition is followed by a rapid thermal Diels-Alder reaction in which a second maleimide molecule adds to the intermediate. The final product of the photochemical reaction between maleimide and benzene, therefore, is a 2:1-photoadduct. By using bismaleimides, polymers can be formed incorpora¬ting this 2:1-unit. In the case of polystyrene, reaction between the phenyl rings of the polymer and bismalimide should produce crosslinks. This principle was applied to crosslink polystyrene with bismaleimides. Suitable reaction conditions were devised which allowed the progress of the photochemical reaction to be followed by measuring the viscosity increase of solutions containing polystyrene, acetophenone as photo-sensitizer and bismaleimides in dioxan. The response of the system to variations in the concentra¬ tions of the components could be rationalized in a kinetic scheme which accounts for the observations. The reaction is triplet-sensitized by acetophenone. However, bismaleimides absorb light at the same wavelength as the sensitizer acetophenone which, therefore, has to compete with bismaleimide for the available light. As a con¬ sequence, the reaction rate depends on the concentration ratio between acetophenone and bismaleimide. Bismaleimide can undergo i+2-polyphotocycloaddition and in the early stages of the reaction, when the concentration of bis- maleimide is still high, this reaction is faster than the photocycloaddition to the phenyl rings. Competition for absorption of light between acetophenone and bismaleimide, and the occurrence of the 2+2-polyphotocycloaddition as side-reaction are both responsible for a slow initial rate of crosslink formation; this is evidenced by a slow - viscosity increase in the early stages followed by a. steep increase of the viscosity later in the reaction. This early retardation becomes more important with increasing bismaleiraide 'concentration so that the overall reaction time increases with increasing bismaleimide concentration. The crosslinking proved to be very inefficient because the 2+2-polyphotocycloaddition of bismaleimide was the pre¬ dominant reaction. N,N'-4,4'-Diphenylsulfonylbismaleimide was the most efficient crosslinking agent, but even so, only 1.6 % usefully reacted with the phenyl rings of poly¬ styrene to form crosslinks. The inefficiency of the reaction between bismaleimides and alkylbenzenes, of which polystyrene is a representative with particularly severe steric hindrance, was also de¬monstrated in the reaction between bismaleimides and ethylbenzene, as model compound for polystyrene.
Download or read book Photochemical Reactions in Heterochain Polymers written by F. Niyazi and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photochemical reactions are the main class of chemical processes. These processes provide for life on Earth, since due to photochemical processes, plants absorb carbon oxide from the atmosphere changing them into the "meal" for all creatures on Earth. Together with "good" photochemical processes there are some "bad" as well. This book is about photodestruction and light stabilisation and is devoted to these processes. For example, the heterochain polymers. They are the main class of large-tonnage polymers, which are used for manning a great variety of polymer and composite materials (including nanocomposites).
Download or read book Ultraviolet Light Induced Reactions in Polymers written by Santokh S. Labana and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymer Photophysics Photochemistry written by James Guillet and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1985 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to photochemistry and photophysics. Polymer structure and reactivity. Diffusion and permeability in polymers. Determination of scission and crosslinking in polymers. Photoprocesses in solid polymer matrices. Fluorescence. Excimers and exciplexes. Phosphorescence. Energy transfer and migration in polymers. Photochemistry of carbonyl-containing polymers. Photopolymerization. Photocyclization. Miscellaneous photoprocesses. Photo- and radiation chemistry of polymers.
Download or read book Photoinitiators written by Jean-Pierre Fouassier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-12 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoinitiators A comprehensive text that covers everything from the processes and mechanisms to the reactions and industrial applications of photoinitiators Photoinitiators offers a wide-ranging overview of existing photoinitiators and photoinitiating systems and their uses in ever-growing green technologies. The authors—noted experts on the topic—provide a concise review of the backgrounds in photopolymerization and photochemistry, explain the available structures, and examine the excited state properties, involved mechanisms, and structure, reactivity, and efficiency relationships. The text also contains information on the latest developments and trends in the design of novel tailor-made systems. The book explores the role of current systems in existing and emerging processes and applications. Comprehensive in scope, it covers polymerization of thick samples and in-shadow areas, polymerization under LEDs, NIR light induced thermal polymerization, photoinitiators for novel specific and improved properties, and much more. Written by an experienced and internationally renowned team of authors, this important book: Provides detailed information about excited state processes, mechanisms and design of efficient photoinitiator systems Discusses the performance of photoinitiators of polymerization by numerous examples of reactions and application Includes information on industrial applications Presents a review of current developments and challenges Offers an introduction to the background information necessary to understand thefield The role played by photoinitiators in a variety of different polymerization reactions Written for polymer chemists, photochemists, and materials scientists, Photoinitiators will also earn a place in the libraries of photochemists seeking an authoritative, one-stop guide to the processes, mechanisms, and industrial applications of photoinitiators.
Download or read book Photoinitiators for Polymer Synthesis written by Jean-Pierre Fouassier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-02 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoinitiating systems for polymerization reactions are largely encountered in a variety of traditional and high-tech sectors, such as radiation curing, (laser) imaging, (micro)electronics, optics, and medicine. This book extensively covers radical and nonradical photoinitiating systems and is divided into four parts: * Basic principles in photopolymerization reactions * Radical photoinitiating systems * Nonradical photoinitiating systems * Reactivity of the photoinitiating system The four parts present the basic concepts of photopolymerization reactions, review all of the available photoinitiating systems and deliver a thorough description of the encountered mechanisms. A large amount of experimental and theoretical data has been collected herein. This book allows the reader to gain a clear understanding by providing a general discussion of the photochemistry and chemistry involved. The most recent and exciting developments, as well as the promising prospects for new applications, are outlined.
Download or read book Crosslinking and Scission in Polymers written by O. Güven and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1990-01-31 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Advanced Methods of Determination of Crosslinking and Scission in Polymers and Their Effects on Mechanical Properties, Kemer-Antalya, Turkey, September 4-16, 1988
Download or read book Processes in Photoreactive Polymers written by V.V. Krongauz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of photosensitive materials in general and photoreactive polymers in particular is responsible for major advances in the information, imaging, and electronic industries. Computer parts manufacturing, information storage, and book and magazine publishing all depend on photoreactive polymer systems. The photo-and radiation-induced processes in polymers are also active areas of research. New information on the preparation and properties of com mercially available photosensitive systems is constantly being acquired. The recent demand for environmentally safe solvent-free and water-soluble materials also motivated changes in the composition of photopolymers and photoresists. The interest in holographic recording media for head-up displays, light scanners, and data recording stimulated development of reconfigurable and visible light sensitive materials. Photoconductive polymerizable coatings are being tested in electrostatic proofing and color printing. The list of available initiators, poly meric binders, and other coating ingredients is continually evolving to respond to the requirements of low component loss (low diffusivity) and the high rate of photochemical reactions.
Download or read book Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry written by Frans C. de Schryver and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1973 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photochemical Cross linking of Polymers written by I. Vincent and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
