Download or read book Photo Driven Seawater Splitting for Hydrogen Production written by Xiao-Yu Yang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-29 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents photo-driven seawater splitting technologies for hydrogen production. This technology is considered as a win–win interplay for both the utilization of solar energy as the most renewable energy and seawater as the most hydrogen source. The book also discusses topics from raw materials selection, characterization and mechanistic insights to the latest research developments in response to the need for environmentally friendly and low-carbon industries. In addition, it provides insights into a most attractive energy-conversion and storage cascade by combining solar energy and a hydrogen system. Given its scope, this book appeals to a broad readership, particularly professionals at universities and scientific research institutes, as well as practitioners in industry.
Download or read book Development of a New Hybrid Photochemical electrocatalytic Water Splitting Reactor for Hydrogen Production written by Ehsan Baniasadi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar-driven water splitting combines several attractive features for sustainable energy utilization. The conversion of solar energy to a type of storable energy has crucial importance. An alternative method to hydrogen production by solar energy without consumption of additional reactants is a hybrid system which combines photochemical and electro-catalytic reactions. The originality of this research lies in the engineering development of a novel photo-catalytic water splitting reactor for sustainable hydrogen production, and verification of new methods to enhance system efficiency. The scope of this thesis is to present a thorough understanding of complete photocatalytic water splitting system performance under realistic working conditions. In this dissertation, an experimental apparatus for hydrogen and oxygen production is designed and built at UOIT to simulate processes encountered in photo-catalytic and electro-catalytic water splitting systems. The hybridization of this system is investigated, and scale-up analysis is performed based on experimental data using a systematic methodology. The hydrogen production rate of approximately 0.6 mmol h-1 corresponds to a quantum efficiency of 75% is measured through illumination of zinc sulfide suspensions in a dual-cell reactor. Utilization of ZnS and CdS photo-catalysts to simultaneously enhance quantum yield and exergy efficiency is performed. The production rate is increased by almost 30% as compared with ZnS performance. In the next step, an oxygen production reactor is experimentally investigated to simulate processes encountered in electro-catalytic water splitting systems for hydrogen production. In this research, the effects of ohmic, concentration and activation losses on the efficiency of hydrogen production by water electrolysis are experimentally investigated. The electrochemical performance of the system is examined by controlling the current density, temperature, space, height, and electrolyte concentration. The experimental results show that there exists an optimum working condition of water electro-catalysis at each current density, which is determined by the controlling parameters. A predictive mathematical model based on experimental data is developed, and the optimized working conditions are determined. The oxygen evolving half-cell is also analyzed for different complete systems including photo-catalytic and electro-catalytic water splitting. An electrochemical model is developed to evaluate the over-potential losses in the oxygen evolving reaction and the effects of key parameters are analyzed. The transient diffusion of hydroxide ions through the membrane and bulk electrolyte is modeled and simulated for improved system operation. In addition, a new seawater electrolysis technique to produce hydrogen is developed and analyzed from energy and exergy points of view. In this regard, the anolyte feed after oxygen evolution to the cathode compartment for hydrogen production is examined. An inexpensive and efficient molybdenum-oxo catalyst with a turn-over frequency of 1,200 is examined for the hydrogen evolving reaction. The electrolyte flow rate and current density are parametrically studied to determine the effects on both bulk and surface precipitate formation. The mixing electrolyte volume and electrolyte flow rate are found to be significant parameters as they affect cathodic precipitation. Furthermore, a new hybrid system for hydrogen production via solar energy is developed and analyzed. In order to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen without the net consumption of additional reactants, a steady stream of reacting materials must be maintained in consecutive reaction processes, to avoid reactant replenishment or additional energy input to facilitate the reaction. Supramolecular complexes [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhBr2](PF6)5 are employed as the photo-catalysts, and an external electric power supply is used to enhance the photochemical reaction. A light-driven proton pump is used to increase the photochemical efficiency of both O2 and H2 production reactions. The maximum energy conversion of the system can be improved up to 14% by incorporating design modification that yields a corresponding 25% improvement in exergy efficiency. Moreover, a photocatalytic water splitting system is designed and analyzed for continuous operation on a large pilot-plant scale. A Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) is presented for the sunlight-driven hydrogen production system. Energy and exergy analyses and related parametric studies are performed, and the effect of various parameters are analyzed, including catalyst concentration, flow velocity, light intensity, reactor surface absorptivity, and ambient temperature. Two methods of photo-catalytic water splitting and solar methanol steam reforming are investigated as two potential solar-based methods of catalytic hydrogen production. The exergy efficiency, exergy destruction, environmental impact and sustainability index are investigated for these systems, as well as exergoenvironmental analyses. The results show that a trade-off exists in terms of exergy efficiency improvement and CO2 reduction of the photo catalytic hydrogen production system. The exergo-economic study reveals the maximum hydrogen exergy price of 2.12, 0.85, and 0.47 $ kg-1 for production capacities of 1, 100, and 2000 ton day-1, respectively. These results are well below the DOE 2012 target and confirm the viability of this technology.
Download or read book Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation written by Praveen Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the hydrogen fuel generation from water via photoelectrochemical process. It elaborates the theory and fundamental concepts of photoelectrochemistry to understand the photoelectrochemical process for water splitting to generate hydrogen fuel. The book further deliberates about the hydrogen as a futuristic chemical fuel to store solar energy in the form of chemical bonds and also as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. The book establishes the need for hydrogen fuel and discusses the standards and practices used for solar driven photoelectrochemical water splitting. It also discusses the current and future status of the nanomaterials as efficient photoelectrodes for solar photoelectrochemical water splitting. The book will be of interest to the researchers, students, faculty, scientists, engineers, and technologists working in the domain of material science, energy harvesting, energy conversion, photo electrochemistry, nanomaterials for photo-electrochemical (PEC) cell, etc.
Download or read book Solar Driven Green Hydrogen Generation and Storage written by Rohit Srivastava and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-05-18 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar-Driven Green Hydrogen Generation and Storage presents the latest research and technologies in hydrogen generation through solar energy. With in-depth coverage of three key topics, the book discusses green hydrogen technologies, solid hydrogen storage, and hydrogen energy applications. The book begins with a deep dive into photoelectrochemical water splitting, examining different catalysts, such as perovskite-based, phosphorene-based, polymer-based, transition metal-based single atom, blue-titania, carbon-based, Mxene and semiconductor-based catalysts. Subsequent chapters analyze hydrogen production techniques, including electrolysis, photobiological, thermochemical, and biomass gasification methods. After reviewing key hydrogen storage technologies, the book concludes with a summary of the applications of hydrogen in various industry sectors. This book is an essential resource for students, researchers, and engineers interested in renewable energy, hydrogen production, and energy storage. Presents the latest advances in hydrogen generation through solar energy Focuses on three key themes—green hydrogen technologies, solid hydrogen storage, and applications of hydrogen energy Considers the major challenges for the hydrogen economy worldwide
Download or read book Photodriven Processes for Production of Hydrogen by Water Splitting written by Prem N. Mathur and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production for Sustainable Energy written by Alberto Puga and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-05-15 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production for Sustainable Energy A complete discussion of photocatalytic hydrogen production, including water splitting, biomass or waste valorization, solar reactors, photoelectrochemical technologies, and more In Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production for Sustainable Energy, distinguished researcher Dr. Alberto Puga delivers a comprehensive exploration of photocatalytic hydrogen production. In the book, readers will find explanations of why and how this technology is called to have a significant impact on cleaner and sustainable production of fuels and find a valuable source of information on the mechanisms of light harvesting and the chemical transformations occurring in these processes. The book explains the technical and engineering approaches currently being used in photocatalytic hydrogen production, as well as approaches that may be used in the future for both commercial and research purposes. A fulsome approach to the subject, covering everything from fundamental aspects of photocatalytic water splitting to waste valorization and solar plant operations, the book also includes: A thorough introduction to sustainability and photocatalytic hydrogen production in the context of renewable energy Comprehensive explorations of water splitting under visible light and ultraviolet irradiation Practical discussions of photoreforming and photocatalytic organic synthesis with convenient hydrogen release Fulsome treatments of photoelectrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production Perfect for photochemists and catalytic chemists, Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production for Sustainable Energy will also benefit other chemists, chemical engineers, materials scientists, energy engineers and physicists seeking a one-stop resource on the subject.
Download or read book Photo and Electro Catalytic Processes written by Jianmin Ma and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-25 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore green catalytic reactions with this reference from a renowned leader in the field Green reactions—like photo-, photoelectro-, and electro-catalytic reactions—offer viable technologies to solve difficult problems without significant damage to the environment. In particular, some gas-involved reactions are especially useful in the creation of liquid fuels and cost-effective products. In Photo- and Electro-Catalytic Processes: Water Splitting, N2 Fixing, CO2 Reduction, award-winning researcher Jianmin Ma delivers a comprehensive overview of photo-, electro-, and photoelectron-catalysts in a variety of processes, including O2 reduction, CO2 reduction, N2 reduction, H2 production, water oxidation, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution. The book offers detailed information on the underlying mechanisms, costs, and synthetic methods of catalysts. Filled with authoritative and critical information on green catalytic processes that promise to answer many of our most pressing energy and environmental questions, this book also includes: Thorough introductions to electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, as well as electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions Comprehensive explorations of electrocatalytic water splitting, CO2 reduction, and N2 reduction Practical discussions of photoelectrocatalytic H2 production, water splitting, and CO2 reduction In-depth examinations of photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution and nitrogen reduction Perfect for catalytic chemists and photochemists, Photo- and Electro-Catalytic Processes: Water Splitting, N2 Fixing, CO2 Reduction also belongs in the libraries of materials scientists and inorganic chemists seeking a one-stop resource on the novel aspects of photo-, electro-, and photoelectro-catalytic reactions.
Download or read book Hydrogen from Seawater Splitting written by Abhijit Ray and published by IET. This book was released on 2024-05 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen is a key vector of decarbonized energy systems. It can be used as long term and seasonal storage for electricity itself, as well as in the automotive sector, for space heating and for the chemical industry. In order to be sustainable, it is vital that hydrogen is generated without carbon emissions. One option is electrocatalysis, which uses electricity to split the water. Other options are photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical technologies that use impinging sunlight directly. Each technique has advantages and shortcomings, and different efficiencies, depending on a range of factors including the materials used. This book provides overviews of the current technologies available for splitting hydrogen from seawater, and explores their benefits and disadvantages. Chapters cover materials, systems and challenges, electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and photoelectrochemical techniques, functional compound semiconducting films, electrolysis of saline water, and two-dimensional nanomaterials for hydrogen generation. Finally, the editors share their informed view on the future outlook of the field. Hydrogen from Seawater Splitting: Technology and outlook offers valuable insights for researchers in hydrogen technology and energy materials, exploring the current state-of-the-art and posing the key question of increasing efficiencies.
Download or read book Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production written by Pasquale Cavaliere and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-22 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed description of hydrogen production through water electrolysis. It starts with the theoretical description of the chemical, thermodynamic, and kinetic issues related to the electrolysis of water. The main available technologies and the ones under development are detailed from a technical and a scientific point of view. At the end of the book Dr. Cavaliere describes the main hydrogen applications and their contribution to the grand energy transition that is expected by the middle of the century. The book also examines the economic issues related to the transition toward the hydrogen society.
Download or read book Towards Efficient Hydrogen Production Using Water Splitting written by Aleksey Izgorodin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there is no shortage of supply of fossil fuels at the moment, the necessity to reduce green house gas emission and growing difficulties in fossil fuel recovery raise great challenges for the scientific community to develop efficient, low cost alternative energy sources. Hydrogen is sought by many as a way to store and transport energy produced from renewable sources and as a fuel hydrogen produces only water on burning and is not toxic in any way. The main pathways to produce hydrogen can be classified as thermal, electrolytic, and photolytic processes. Most of the hydrogen is currently produced via thermal processes, which use the energy from fossil fuels stored in natural gas, coal or biomass to release hydrogen. Although photolytic processes are very attractive due to the zero greenhouse gas emissions, they can be used for commercial hydrogen production only if limitations related to low efficiency and poor stability can be resolved. State-of-the-art hydrogen producing photoelectrochemical cells have 12.4% efficiency under visible light irradiation and combine several semiconducting materials in a monolithic device. Although efficient, this cell is able to split water only for a few days, making the possibility of commercial application daunting. Thus, the general aim of the project is to develop a novel structure for a stable photo-electrochemical device for water splitting applications. Having high efficiencies for photo electrochemical energy conversion, metal sulfides are promising candidates for use in commercial water splitting systems if their long-term stability can be improved. Cadmium sulfide was chosen for our investigations as a representative of the metal sulfide family, due to its well known properties. In the photo-electrochemical cell developed in this work the light harvester is separated from the electrooxidation and reduction processes that occur in the water splitting cell. The quantum confinement effect observed for semiconducting nanoparticles significantly alters electrical properties of materials that allow for engineering of the desired electrical properties. A range of nanoparticles and nanostructures were prepared in this work in order to investigate the influence of dopant and quantum size effects innanoparticles on the energy structure of the material and their potential to be utilized in the water splitting and electroluminescent applications. In order to address the high costs of production of thin film semiconductors, in this work we have developed a novel method for low cost, efficient deposition of high quality metal sulfide semiconductors and their alloys utilizing electrodeposition from ionic liquids at high temperatures. The structure of the proposed photoelectrochemical cell was created using electrochemical deposition as well as photo-driven electrochemical deposition, which allows in situ deposition of catalyst for water oxidation. It was shown that a multilayered structure of the device based on metal sulfides provides high corrosion resistance of the cell during photo-electrochemical water splitting leading to significant extension of the cell lifetime.
Download or read book Towards Green Hydrogen Generation written by Mehmet Sankir and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-08-28 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers will find a multidisciplinary approach elucidating all the important features of green hydrogen so that science researchers and energy engineers as well as those in economics, political science and international relations, will also find value. Energy sources and generation is the foremost concern of all governments, NGOs, and activist groups. With Green New Deals and reduced or net zero emission goals being implemented on a global scale, the quest for economic, scalable, efficient, and sustainable energy systems has reached a fever pitch. No one energy source ticks all the boxes and new energy technologies are being developed all the time as potential disruptors. Enter green hydrogen with zero emissions. Hydrogen is a rare gas in nature and is often found together with natural gas. While hydrogen is the most abundant element in the known universe, molecular hydrogen is very rare in nature and needs to be produced—and produced in large quantities, if we are serious about the Green Deal. This book has been organized into three parts to introduce and discuss these crucial topics. Part I discusses the Green Deal and the current state and challenges encountered in the industrialization of green hydrogen production, as well as related politics. Chapters in this section include how to decarbonize the energy industry with green hydrogen, and one that describes a gradual shift in the approach of hydrogen production technologies from non-renewable to renewable. Part II is devoted to carbon capturing and hydrogen. Chapters on biomass mass waste-to-hydrogen conversion and related efficient and sustainable hydrogen storage pathways, life cycle assessment for eco-design of biohydrogen factory by microalgae, and metal oxide-based carbon capture technologies are all addressed in this section. The third and final part of the book was designed to present all features of green hydrogen generation. Chapters include PEM water electrolysis and other electrolyzers, wind-driven hydrogen production, and bifunctional electrocatalysts-driven hybrid water splitting, are introduced and thoroughly discussed. Audience This book is directed to researchers and industry professionals in energy engineering, chemistry, physics, materials science, and chemical engineering, as well as energy policymakers, energy economists, and others in the social sciences.
Download or read book Graphene Based Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production and Environmental Remediation written by Muhammad Nihal Naseer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non Electrolytic Water Splitting written by David J. Fisher and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2020-08-15 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on the direct production of hydrogen, using solar energy. Photocatalytic water-splitting by exposing semiconductors to sunlight is one of the most promising routes. The range of materials and other non-electrolytic methods are also reviewed The book references 205 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Water-Splitting, Hydrogen Production, Solar Energy Conversion, Photocatalytic Water-Splitting, Thermochanical Water-Splitting, Machano-Catalysis, Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, Light-induced Ionization of Semiconductors, Z-Schemes of Photosynthesis.
Download or read book Photocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Applications written by Panneerselvam Sathishkumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen Production by Water Splitting Storage and Transportation written by Imran Ali and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-10-17 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive understanding of the process of hydrogen production by water splitting, including materials used, methods and instrumentation. It discusses hydrogen production methods with a focus on water splitting (laboratory/industrial scales) followed by its storage and perspectives. It describes all the methods of hydrogen production, i.e., water electrolysis, steam electrolysis, steam reforming, membrane electrolysis and water splitting. The effects of various radiations (ultraviolet, visible, gamma, X-ray and infrared) on hydrogen production are also included. Features: Presents a complete collection of hydrogen generation and discusses the water spitting process in detail. Explores the effects of the radiation of hydrogen generation. Discusses hydrogen generation and storage on a large scale. Presents a future perspective of hydrogen as fuel. Includes future challenges and perspectives to produce hydrogen economically on a large scale. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in materials and chemical engineering, radiation science, physics, chemistry and materials science.
Download or read book Renewable Energy Generation and Application written by Ala A. Hussein and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2024-08-15 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the current status of renewable energy technology, such as solar, wind, hydro and geothermal power engineering and biomass conversion. It focusses on technical challenges and potential future developments in electricity generation. electrical vehicles, heating and cooling, industrial processes and rural electrification. Keywords: Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Wind Farms. Hydropower, Hydroelectric Dams, Geothermal Energy, Biomass Energy, Agricultural Residues, Organic Waste, Electricity Transportation, Global Energy Systems.
Download or read book Oxide Surfaces written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a multi-author survey (in 15 chapters) of the current state of knowledge and recent developments in our understanding of oxide surfaces. The author list includes most of the acknowledged world experts in this field. The material covered includes fundamental theory and experimental studies of the geometrical, vibrational and electronic structure of such surfaces, but with a special emphasis on the chemical properties and associated reactivity. The main focus is on metal oxides but coverage extends from 'simple' rocksalt materials such as MgO through to complex transition metal oxides with different valencies.
