Download or read book Phenomenological Predictions for Uranium Uranium Collisions at RHIC written by Chandra Shekhar Nepali and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main goals of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is to produce very hot, dense nuclear matter by colliding two heavy ions at relativistic energy. The matter produced under these extreme conditions is supposed to be in a de-confined phase, commonly known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), which is believed to have existed for a very short time after the Big Bang. RHIC is devoted to the study of the QGP phase. One of the probes that carry information of this hot matter is the elliptic flow (azimuthal asymmetry in particle production). The elliptic flow occurs due to the spatial asymmetry of the overlap region of the two colliding nuclei at non-zero impact parameter. Particle production is azimuthally asymmetric due to asymmetry in the pressure gradient. The matter formed in central collisions of Au+Au at 200 GeV at RHIC seems to behave like a perfect fluid. This conclusion is based in part on approximate agreement between non-viscous hydrodynamic calculations and the experimental data on elliptic flow. The hydrodynamic calculations predict the saturation of the strength of the elliptic flow, v2, with increase in transverse particle density, (1/S)(dNch/dy), at fixed impact parameter. The transverse particle density in central Au+Au is not enough to confirm this. Uranium + uranium (U+U) collisions have the potential to produce more extreme conditions of excited matter then is possible using spherical nuclei like gold or lead at the same incident energy. Uranium has quadrupole deformed shape. The collisions of special interest are the "ideal tip-tip" orientation in which the long axes of both deformed nuclei are aligned with the beam axis at zero impact parameter, and the "ideal body-body" orientation in which the long axes are both perpendicular to the beam axis and parallel to each other at zero impact parameter. The "ideal tip-tip" and "ideal body-body" collision events allow to test the hydro prediction by varying the transverse particle density at spatial eccentricity similar to central Au+Au, and spatial eccentricity at transverse particle density similar to central Au+Au, respectively. However, this potential of U+U collisions will be lost unless these desired collision events are selected. Configurations close to the "ideal tip-tip" and "ideal body-body" are referred as "tip-tip" and "body-body" for selection purposes, as the probability of ideal cases is negligible. I have studied U+U collisions at 200 GeV using different model simulations: Monte-Carlo Glauber, Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) and A Multi-Phase Transport Model (AMPT). I have compared the advantages from U+U collisions at 200 GeV including the effect due to the STAR detector's resolution, and also shown a way to separate the desired collision configurations based on experimental observables. U+U collisions are planned at RHIC when the new ion source (the EBIS ion source) will be operational, around 2010.
Download or read book Glauber Monte Carlo Study of 200 GeV U U Collisions at RHIC written by Christopher E. Flores and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collisions of deformed uranium (238U) nuclei are studied using Glauber Monte-Carlo simulations in an effort to elucidate the effects of the non-symmetric rotations of prolate spheroid nucleus geometry and impact parameter. The nucleon density distribution is given by a three parameter Woods-Saxon density function and a Glauber Model is used in a Monte-Carlo simulation of U+U collisions. The number of participant nucleons and number of nucleon-nucleon collisions is determined and compared to the results found for gold using the same model. Simulations of uranium collisions shows that tip to tip U+U collisions increase energy density by 35% while body to body collisions decrease energy density by 10% compared to central Au+Au collisions. It is also shown that a cut on the top 5% of the charged multiplicity density per unit transverse area results in no significant increase or decrease in collision energy density. Finally, plots of predicted Upsilon production values show expected Upsilon production of collisions at various impact parameters and full overlap orientations.
Download or read book Phenomenology Of Ultra relativistic Heavy ion Collisions written by Wojciech Florkowski and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2010-03-24 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives an introduction to main ideas used in the physics of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The links between basic theoretical concepts (discussed gradually from the elementary to more advanced level) and the results of experiments are outlined, so that experimentalists may learn more about the foundations of the models used by them to fit and interpret the data, while theoreticians may learn more about how different theoretical ideas are used in practical applications. The main task of the book is to collect the available information and establish a uniform picture of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The properties of hot and dense matter implied by this picture are discussed comprehensively. In particular, the issues concerning the formation of the quark-gluon plasma in present and future heavy-ion experiments are addressed.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predictions of Elliptic Flow and Nuclear Modification Factor from 200 GeV U U Collisions at RHIC written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predictions of elliptic flow (v2) and nuclear modification factor (R{sub AA}) are provided as a function of centrality in U + U collisions at (square root)s{sub NN} = 200 GeV. Since the 238U nucleus is naturally deformed, one could adjust the properties of the fireball, density and duration of the hot and dense system, for example, in high energy nuclear collisions by carefully selecting the colliding geometry. Within our Monte Carlo Glauber based approach, the v2 with respect to the reaction plane v2{sup RP} in U + U collisions is consistent with that in Au + Au collisions, while the v2 with respect to the participant plane v2{sup PP} increases (almost equal to)30-60% at top 10% centrality which is attributed to the larger participant eccentricity at most central U + U collisions. The suppression of R{sub AA} increases and reaches (almost equal to)0.1 at most central U + U collisions that is by a factor of 2 more suppression compared to the central Au + Au collisions due to large size and deformation of Uranium nucleus.
Download or read book The Beginning and End of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions Using Uranium Beams and Bose Einstein Correlations as Probes of the Collision Fireball written by Anthony Joseph Kuhlman (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The final chapter focuses on the development of a non-relativistic formalism to describe the effects of final state interactions on the measured radii. We present this formula and examine its behavior in various limits. We then pursue approximations to this expression to produce a more practical result. In the limit of a weak interaction with the medium, we produce a surprisingly straightforward result.
Download or read book Introduction to Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics written by Jerzy Bartke and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book attempts to cover the fascinating field of physics of relativistic heavy ions, mainly from the experimentalist's point of view. After the introductory chapter on quantum chromodynamics, basic properties of atomic nuclei, sources of relativistic nuclei, and typical detector set-ups are described in three subsequent chapters. Experimental facts on collisions of relativistic heavy ions are systematically presented in 15 consecutive chapters, starting from the simplest features like cross sections, multiplicities, and spectra of secondary particles and going to more involved characteristics like correlations, various relatively rare processes, and newly discovered features: collective flow, high pT suppression and jet quenching. Some entirely new topics are included, such as the difference between neutron and proton radii in nuclei, heavy hypernuclei, and electromagnetic effects on secondary particle spectra.Phenomenological approaches and related simple models are discussed in parallel with the presentation of experimental data. Near the end of the book, recent ideas about the new state of matter created in collisions of ultrarelativistic nuclei are discussed. In the final chapter, some predictions are given for nuclear collisions in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), now in construction at the site of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva. Finally, the appendix gives us basic notions of relativistic kinematics, and lists the main international conferences related to this field. A concise reference book on physics of relativistic heavy ions, it shows the present status of this field.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-10 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal goals of the study were to articulate the scientific rationale and objectives of the field and then to take a long-term strategic view of U.S. nuclear science in the global context for setting future directions for the field. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter provides a long-term assessment of an outlook for nuclear physics. The first phase of the report articulates the scientific rationale and objectives of the field, while the second phase provides a global context for the field and its long-term priorities and proposes a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond. In the second phase of the study, also developing a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond, the committee carefully considered the balance between universities and government facilities in terms of research and workforce development and the role of international collaborations in leveraging future investments. Nuclear physics today is a diverse field, encompassing research that spans dimensions from a tiny fraction of the volume of the individual particles (neutrons and protons) in the atomic nucleus to the enormous scales of astrophysical objects in the cosmos. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter explains the research objectives, which include the desire not only to better understand the nature of matter interacting at the nuclear level, but also to describe the state of the universe that existed at the big bang. This report explains how the universe can now be studied in the most advanced colliding-beam accelerators, where strong forces are the dominant interactions, as well as the nature of neutrinos.
Download or read book An Assessment of U S Based Electron Ion Collider Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-10-13 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding of protons and neutrons, or "nucleons"â€"the building blocks of atomic nucleiâ€"has advanced dramatically, both theoretically and experimentally, in the past half century. A central goal of modern nuclear physics is to understand the structure of the proton and neutron directly from the dynamics of their quarks and gluons governed by the theory of their interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and how nuclear interactions between protons and neutrons emerge from these dynamics. With deeper understanding of the quark-gluon structure of matter, scientists are poised to reach a deeper picture of these building blocks, and atomic nuclei themselves, as collective many-body systems with new emergent behavior. The development of a U.S. domestic electron-ion collider (EIC) facility has the potential to answer questions that are central to completing an understanding of atoms and integral to the agenda of nuclear physics today. This study assesses the merits and significance of the science that could be addressed by an EIC, and its importance to nuclear physics in particular and to the physical sciences in general. It evaluates the significance of the science that would be enabled by the construction of an EIC, its benefits to U.S. leadership in nuclear physics, and the benefits to other fields of science of a U.S.-based EIC.
Download or read book Drops and Bubbles written by Taylor G. Wang and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 1989 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions written by Ramona Vogt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-06-04 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in high energy heavy-ion physics. It is relevant for students who will work on topics being explored at RHIC and the LHC. In the first part, the basic principles of these studies are covered including kinematics, cross sections (including the quark model and parton distribution functions), the geometry of nuclear collisions, thermodynamics, hydrodynamics and relevant aspects of lattice gauge theory at finite temperature. The second part covers some more specific probes of heavy-ion collisions at these energies: high mass thermal dileptons, quarkonium and hadronization. The second part also serves as extended examples of concepts learned in the previous part. Both parts contain examples in the text as well as exercises at the end of each chapter. - Designed for students and newcomers to the field- Focuses on hard probes and QCD- Covers all aspects of high energy heavy-ion physics- Includes worked example problems and exercises
Download or read book The Physics of the Quark Gluon Plasma written by Sourav Sarkar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to offer to the next generation of young researchers a broad and largely self-contained introduction to the physics of heavy ion collisions and the quark-gluon plasma, providing material beyond that normally found in the available textbooks. For each of the main aspects - QCD thermodynamics and global features of the QGP, collision hydrodynamics, electromagnetic probes, jet and quarkonium production, color glass condensate, and the gravity connection - the present volume provides extensive and pedagogical lectures, surveying the present status of both theory and experiment. A particular feature of this volume is that all lectures have been written with the active assistance of selected students present at the course in order to ensure the adequate level and coverage for the intended readership.
Download or read book Physics Division Annual Report written by Argonne National Laboratory. Physics Division and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multiparticle Dynamics Proceedings Of The Xxxii International Symposium written by Alexey N Sissakian and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003-07-14 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a wide range of problems in elementary particle production physics — particle fluctuations and correlations, diffractive processes, soft and hard processes in quantum chromodynamics, heavy ion collisions, etc. Of the utmost importance are inclusion-theoretical papers devoted to the problems associated with high and even very high multiplicity particle production, making proposals for experiments at existing and forthcoming colliders of elementary particles.
Download or read book The CBM Physics Book written by Bengt Friman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-10 with total page 973 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exhaustive survey is the result of a four year effort by many leading researchers in the field to produce both a readable introduction and a yardstick for the many upcoming experiments using heavy ion collisions to examine the properties of nuclear matter. The books falls naturally into five large parts, first examining the bulk properties of strongly interacting matter, including its equation of state and phase structure. Part II discusses elementary hadronic excitations of nuclear matter, Part III addresses the concepts and models regarding the space-time dynamics of nuclear collision experiments, Part IV collects the observables from past and current high-energy heavy-ion facilities in the context of the theoretical predictions specific to compressed baryonic matter. Part V finally gives a brief description of the experimental concepts. The book explicitly addresses everyone working or planning to enter the field of high-energy nuclear physics.
Download or read book Lectures on QCD written by Frieder Lenz and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997-10-15 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-volume set Lectures on QCD provides an introductory overview of Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory of strong interactions. In a series of pedagogically written articles based on lectures given over the years to graduate students, the fundamentals of QCD are discussed and significant application areas are described. The field-theoretic basis of QCD is the focus of the first volume, while the application of QCD to the phenomenology of strong interactions forms the subject of the second volume.
