Download or read book Phase I Porewater Toxicity Testing of Sediment from 25 Near shore Sites in St Croix USVI written by Lisa Ann May and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "St. Croix (STX) is one of three major islands comprising the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) territory. The island encompasses a total land area of 84 square miles, with approximately 70 miles of coastal shoreline. Protection of critical reef habitats is the responsibility of the USVI Department of Planning and Natural Resources, U. S. National Park Service and NOAA, however threats remain to coral reef health from a variety of sources including pollution (LBSP), global climate change and overfishing. Impacts to several populations of Acropora palmata coral were found at Buck Island Reef National Monument (BUIS) and Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve (SARI) in a 2013 survey of reproductive condition using histological analysis for the presence of gametes, prompting further investigation. As the first step of an environmental investigation into the potential causes of reproductive failure in Acropora palmata corals in the waters of St. Croix, a survey of 25 near shore sites (including MPAs) was conducted during June 2015 to evaluate their toxicity potential. Toxicity of these sites was assessed using sediment porewater in the sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) embryo development bioassay. A subsequent effort was also initiated to characterize the observed toxicity in the original samples (preliminary phase I Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE)). In addition, sediment interstitial water (porewater) was evaluated for salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, inorganic phosphate and total phosphorus (TP) prior to the bioassay"--Introduction.
Download or read book Porewater Toxicity Testing written by Robert Scott Carr and published by Setac Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sediment Toxicity Assessment written by G.Allen Burton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment Toxicity Assessment provides the latest information regarding how to evaluate sediment contamination and its effects on aquatic ecosystems. It presents an integrated ecosystem approach by detailing effective assessment methods, considerations, and effects to each major component of marine and freshwater systems, including the benthos, plankton, and fish communities. The approaches emphasize defining habitat conditions (physical and chemical), toxicant bioavailability, factors influencing toxicity (lab and field), biomarkers, acute and chronic toxicity, study design, collection methods, and EPA management strategies. The book also explains how to integrate the assessments. Sediment Toxicity Assessment will be useful to to all environmental managers, environmental scientists, ecotoxicologists, environmental regulators, aquatic ecologists, environmental contractors and consultants, instructors, students, conservation commissions, and environmental activist organizations.
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment contamination is a widespread environmental problem that can potentially pose a threat to a variety of aquatic ecosystems. The sediment test methods in this manual will be used by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to make decisions under a range of statutory authorities concerning such issues as: dredged material disposal, registration of pesticides and toxic substances, superfound site assessment, and assessment and cleanup of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. The use of uniform sediment testing procedures by USEPA programs is expected to increase data accuracy and precision, facilitate test replication, increase the comparative value of test results, and ultimately, increase the efficiency of regulatory processes requiring sediment tests.
Download or read book Toxicity of Marine Sediments and Pore Waters Spiked With Ordnance Compounds written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was undertaken to help quantify the potential effects of sediment contamination with ordnance compounds to the benthic biota. This objective was achieved by conducting toxicity tests with sediments spiked with ordnance compounds, using whole sediment tests with a benthic amphipod and porewater tests with different life stages of three marine organisms. The selection of ordnance compounds and porewater test species for this study was based on the results of previous studies, where a database for toxicity of eight different ordnance compounds to six marine species was generated. The ordnance compounds selected for the present study were 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), tetryl and picric acid. Two kinds of sediments were spiked with each ordnance compound. Spiked sediments were allowed to equilibrate for approximately 1 week prior to porewater extraction and to toxicity testing of the solid-phase. Solid-phase tests were conducted using the 10-day acute test with the benthic amphipod, Ampelisca abdita. Porewater toxicity tests were conducted using the 48-hour embryological development test with the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, the 96-hour zoospore germination and germling growth test with the macro-alga, Ulva fasciata, and the 7-day survival and reproduction test with the burrowing polychaete, Dinophilus gyroclliatus. These species and endpoints were identified previously as being among the most sensitive for these ordnance compounds.
Download or read book Comparison of Porewater and Elutriate Bivalve Larval Development Toxicity Testing in a Sediment Quality Triad Framework written by Blair Gordon McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magnitude and extent of contaminated marine sediment are frequently assessed using a Sediment Quality Triad framework involving multiple toxicity tests using a variety of species, toxicological endpoints and exposure systems. Data are integrated into an overall assessment of sediment quality using a weight of evidence approach. Guidance on the selection of appropriate toxicity tests recommends a wide range of organism type, life-cycle, exposure route, and feeding type be included - porewater bivalve larval development tests increases the number of exposure routes under consideration. Interpretation of porewater toxicity data are subject to limitations, in part, related to the extensive chemical manipulations associated with the extraction of in situ anoxic porewater and the subsequent aeration required for the laboratory-based toxicity test. The ability of the porewater-only test to represent ecologically relevant adverse effects in the field appears minimal. Results from concurrent porewater and elutriate toxicity testing using newly fertilized larvae of the bivalve, Mytilus galloprovincialis are provided to illustrate these problems. Porewater samples were consistently more toxic than the corresponding elutriate sample, and ammonia, a common confounding factor in sediment toxicology, was identified as the most likely toxic agent for the majority of samples. Porewater toxicity testing using M. galloprovincialis is therefore not recommended as a routine element of the sediment quality triad unless additional chemistry (samples used for testing as well as in situ) are available to facilitate an appropriate interpretation of the resulting toxicity data.
Download or read book Sediment Toxicity Testing written by PV. Winger and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influences of test method and sample manipulation on toxicity of sediment and sediment pore water were evaluated using a series of toxicity tests with MicrotoxR and Hyalella azteca. Although the chemistry and toxicity of pore water extracted with vacuum-operated syringe and centrifuge were similar, the advantages of the vacuum-operated extractor outweighed those of the centrifuge. Sample disturbance and storage time influenced toxicity, but freezing, refrigeration, and pore-water volume did not. The inherent variability in assessment of toxicity from moderately contaminated sediments was adequately described by using 5-10 replicates per treatment. Feeding did not improve survival in control or reference treatments during 10-day toxicity tests. Static and static-renewal tests on pore water and solid-phase sediment were similar in sensitivity to assessing sediment quality.
Download or read book Comparison of Solid Phase Testing Procedures written by K. K. Kwan and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sediment Toxicity Assessment written by G. Allen Burton, Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-04-17 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment Toxicity Assessment provides the latest information regarding how to evaluate sediment contamination and its effects on aquatic ecosystems. It presents an integrated ecosystem approach by detailing effective assessment methods, considerations, and effects to each major component of marine and freshwater systems, including the benthos, plankton, and fish communities. The approaches emphasize defining habitat conditions (physical and chemical), toxicant bioavailability, factors influencing toxicity (lab and field), biomarkers, acute and chronic toxicity, study design, collection methods, and EPA management strategies. The book also explains how to integrate the assessments. Sediment Toxicity Assessment will be useful to to all environmental managers, environmental scientists, ecotoxicologists, environmental regulators, aquatic ecologists, environmental contractors and consultants, instructors, students, conservation commissions, and environmental activist organizations.
Download or read book Guidance document on sediment toxicity tests and bioassays for freshwater and marine environments written by Workshop on Sediment Toxicity Assessment (1993, Renesse) and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluating the Use of in Vitro Bioassays for the Ecotoxicological Assessment of Irish Estuarine Sediments written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediments, as a repository for persistent anthropogenic contaminants, have the potential to cause deleterious effects in the aquatic environment. Particular attention to the quality of sediment is, therefore, warranted in the ecotoxicological risk assessment of aquatic systems. An assessment methodology combining chemical, ecotoxicological and ecological evaluations in a hierarchial test strategy, where toxicological significant and complexity increases with the tiers, is recommended for a thorough appraisal of sediment toxicity. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of in vitro bioassays to be employed as screening tools got Tier 1 ecotoxicity evaluation of Irish estuarine sediments. Chemical analysis was conducted on all sediment samples to assist in interpreting any observed cytotoxicity. The potential toxicity of various exposure phases (solid phase, porewater and elutriate) from three estuarine sediment samples was evaluated using representative organisms from a number of trophic levels. The potential impact of the differing salinities of the sediment aqueous extracts, on the sensitivity of the bioassays, was also addressed. The selective sensitivities of the assays employed, demonstrated the value of using a multi-trophic, multi phase battery approach to sediment toxicity testing. Inhibition of bacterial bioluminescence and algal growth, were identified as sensitive bioassays for Tier 1 screening purposes. Immortal cell lines and primary epidermal cell cultures were used as representative vertebrate model systems. Initial studies were carried out using zinc metal salts as model environmental contaminants, to establish reference values which could be employed as test validity criteria for the sediment toxicity tests. This work also permitted an evaluation of the sensitivity of the cell cultures and the multiple endpoints utilised. The high sample osmolality of porewater extracts precluded their assessment using the cell culture assays. Of the.
Download or read book Diseases of Coral written by Cheryl M. Woodley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-26 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral disease is quickly becoming a crisis to the health and management of the world’s coral reefs. There is a great interest from many in preserving coral reefs. Unfortunately, the field of epizootiology is disorganized and lacks a standard vocabulary, methods, and diagnostic techniques, and tropical marine scientists are poorly trained in wildlife pathology, veterinary medicine, and epidemiology. Diseases of Coral will help to rectify this situation.
Download or read book Ecological Connectivity among Tropical Coastal Ecosystems written by Ivan Nagelkerken and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-23 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mangrove forests, seagrass beds, and coral reefs are circumtropical ecosystems that are highly productive, and provide many important biological functions and economic services. These ecosystems cover large surface areas in the shallow tropical coastal seascape but have suffered from serious human degradation, especially in the last few decades. Part of their diversity, productivity, and functioning seems to be based on their juxtaposition. Especially in the last decade significant advances have been made on new insights into their ecological connectivity. This authoritative book provides a first-time comprehensive review of the major ecological interactions across tropical marine ecosystems that result from the mutual exchange of nutrients, organic matter, fish, and crustaceans. A group of leading authors from around the world reviews the patterns and underlying mechanisms of important biogeochemical and biological linkages among tropical coastal ecosystems in 15 chapters. Included are chapters that review cutting-edge tools to study and quantify these linkages, the importance of such linkages for fisheries, and how tropical ecosystems should be conserved and managed for sustainable use by future generations. The book uses examples from all over the world and provides an up-to-date review of the latest published literature. This book is a ‘must read’ for professionals working on the conservation, management, and ecology of mangrove, seagrass and coral reef ecosystems.
Download or read book Seagrass Research Methods written by Ronald C. Phillips and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated States 2002 written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Zebra Mussels Biology Impacts and Control written by Thomas F. Nalepa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-11-24 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction and rapid spread of the zebra mussel in North American waters has caused great concern among industrial and recreational users of these waters. This bivalve mollusk is a biofouler that attaches to any firm substrate (e.g. rocks, piers, water intake pipes, boat hulls) and has already created significant problems for raw water users such as water treatment plants and power plants. Zebra Mussels: Biology, Impacts and Control provides essential information regarding the biology of the zebra mussel in North America and Europe, presents case studies of environmental and industrial impacts, and outlines control strategies. Summary articles detail its life history, origins, and morphology. The book also examines techniques used to culture and maintain this organism in the laboratory. Thirty-two color plates illustrate some of the dramatic problems created by the explosive population growth of this species. Zebra Mussels: Biology, Impacts, and Control is an important resource for ecologists, conservationists, environmental consultants, water quality engineers, regulatory officials, power utilities, and libraries.
Download or read book Altered Ocean written by Mandy Barker and published by . This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerned with the effects of marine plastic debris, Barker?s photographic work has reached worldwide audiences through international exhibitions, educational outreach, media reports and other means. Her aim is to expand public awareness of the environmental crisis by using aesthetically attractive visuals to communicate evolving scientific research.00This publication is introduced by Professor Richard Thompson OBE, a renowned marine scientist and Director of the University of Plymouth?s Marine Institute. His work has contributed to legislation on microbeads in cosmetics and other forms of plastic pollution.00Other texts include a foreword by Mandy Barker and an essay, Picturing Plastic Oceans, by Liz Wells, Professor in Photographic Culture at University of Plymouth. Barker also provides insight into the making of her images through an extensive survey of her personal process sketchbooks.
