Download or read book Phase Equilibria and Transition in Mixtures of a Homopolymer and a Block Copolymer written by Ryong-Joon Roe and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phase Equilibria and Transition in Mixtures of a Homopolymer and a Block Copolymer II written by R. J. Roe and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phase relationship in mixtures containing a block copolymer and a homopolymer has been studied by means of light scattering. The copolymer employed is a styrene-butadiene block copolymer of molecular weight (Mw) 28000, containing 27% styrene. The homopolymer in the mixture is either (1) polystyrene of Mw 2400, (2) polystyrene of Mw 3500, or (3) polybutadiene of Mw 26000. The first system containing the lower molecular weight polystyrene was previously studied in detail also by means of small-angle X-ray scattering. The observed cloud points show a change with temperature in the limit of solubility of the homopolymers in the block copolymer, which has an ordered, microdomain structure at low temperatures but a disordered, homogeneous structure at high temperatures. The observed solubility limits at low temperatures turn out to be greater, by an order og magnitude, than the prediction based on an earlier block copolymer theory. The phase diagram, constructed on the basis of the light and X-ray scattering data, is rich in features and resembles the complex phase diagrams often observed with binary metal alloys. (Author).
Download or read book Phase Equilibria and Transition in Mixtures of a Homopolymer and a Block Copolymer written by R. J. Roe and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The small-angle X-ray scattering technique is utilized to study the phase separation and phase transition occurring in the mixtures of a styrene butadiene diblock copolymer with a low molecular weight polystyrene. At low temperatures the scattering curve shows a main peak and a secondary peak indicating the presence of well-developed microdomains. As the temperature is raised the peaks gradually lose intensity. The binodal and spinodal temperatures for the transition between the ordered structure at low temperature and the disordered, homogeneous structure at high temperature are determined and found to increase with increasing amount of the added polystyrene. With increasing amount of polystyrene the main peak at first shifts toward lower angles, indicating an increased distance between microdomains. However, at concentrations beyond about 50% polystyrene, which evidently corresponds to the solubility limit of the latter in the microdomains, the peak position remains constant. The observed shift in the relative position of the secondary peak suggests that the morphology of the microdomains changes gradually from spherical to lamellar as the proportion of polystyrene is increased. With all the mixtures no evidence is found for an increase in the microdomain boundary thickness with increasing temperature.
Download or read book Design and Applications of Nanostructured Polymer Blends and Nanocomposite Systems written by Sabu Thomas and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2015-09-22 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design and Applications of Nanostructured Polymer Blend and Nanocomposite Systems offers readers an intelligent, thorough introduction to the design and applications of this new generation of designer polymers with customized properties. The book assembles and covers, in a unified way, the state-of-the-art developments of this less explored type of material. With a focus on nanostructured polymer blends, the book discusses the science of nanostructure formation and the potential performance benefits of nanostructured polymer blends and composites for applications across many sectors: electronics, coatings, adhesives, energy (photovoltaics), aerospace, automotive, and medical devices (biocompatible polymers). The book also describes the design, morphology, and structure of nanostructured polymer composites and blends to achieve specific properties. Covers all important information for designing and selecting the right nanostructured polymer system Provides specialized knowledge on self-repairing, nanofibre and nanostructured multiphase materials, as well as evaluation and testing of nanostructured polymer systems Serves as a reference guide for development of new products in industries ranging from electronics, coatings, and energy, to transport and medical applications Describes the design, morphology, and structure of nanostructured polymer composites and blends to achieve specific properties
Download or read book Recent Developments in Polymer Macro Micro and Nano Blends written by P.M. Visakh and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Developments in Polymer Macro, Micro and Nano Blends: Preparation and Characterisation discusses the various types of techniques that are currently used for the characterization of polymer-based macro, micro, and nano blends. It summarizes recent technical research accomplishments, emphasizing a broad range of characterization methods. In addition, the book discusses preparation methods and applications for various types of polymer-based macro, micro, and nano blends. Chapters include thermoplastic-based polymer & nano blends, applications of rubber based and thermoplastic blends, micro/nanostructures polymer blends containing block copolymers, advances in polymer-inorganic hybrids as membrane materials, synthesis of polymer/inorganic hybrids through heterophase polymerizations, nanoporous polymer foams from nanostructured polymer blends, and natural polymeric biodegradable nano blends for protein delivery. Describes the techniques pertaining to a kind (or small number) of blends, showing specific examples of their applications Covers micro, macro, and nano polymer blends Contains contributions from leading experts in the field
Download or read book Polymer Blends and Mixtures written by D.J. Walsh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A couple of years ago a small group of people began discus sing the possibility of running an advanced summer school in the area of polymer blends. There had been a number of recent advan ces in this field, and given the considerable interest in these new polymeric materials, we thought such a meeting would be well received both by industry and academia. We wanted it to contain a wide range of background science and technology and also up to date recent advances in the field. It became clear as the discus sion progressed that the experts in the field were scattered over the length and breadth of Europe and North America and thus the cost of bringing them together for a summer school would necessi tate a high registration fee which would deter many of the research workers we wished to attract. The NATO Advanced Study Institute programme enables a subject to be covered in depth and by giving generous funds to cover lecturers' costs ensures that a wide spectrum of research workers can attend. We decided to apply to NATO and this book contains the results of our request. The ASI was funded under the 'Double-Jump' Programme which is not a new Olympic event but a way of supporting courses on sub jects of direct industrial interest. The Institute was also backed by donations from several companies and approximately half those attending were from industrial organisations.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymer Materials written by Kwang-Sup Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-25 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: -On the Mechanisms Leading to Exfoliated Nanocomposites Prepared by Mixing By C. D. Han -Phase Behavior and Phase Transitions in AB- and ABA-type Microphase-Separated Block Copolymers By J. K. Kim, C. D. Han -New Class Materials of Organic–Inorganic Hybridized Nanocrystals/Nanoparticles, and Their Assembled Microand Nano-Structure Toward Photonics By H. Oikawa, T. Onodera, A. Masuhara, H. Kasai, H. Nakanishi -Poly(substituted Methylene) Synthesis: Construction of C–C Main Chain from One Carbon Unit By E. Ihara
Download or read book Phase Equilibrium in Mixtures written by M. B. King and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase Equilibrium in Mixtures deals with phase equilibrium and the methods of correlating, checking, and predicting phase data. Topics covered range from latent heat and vapor pressure to dilute solutions, ideal and near-ideal solutions, and consistency tests. Molecular considerations and their use for the prediction and correlation of data are also discussed. Comprised of nine chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the role of thermodynamics and the criteria for equilibrium between phases, along with fugacity and the thermodynamic functions of mixing. The discussion then turns to some of the phase phenomena which may be encountered in chemical engineering practice; methods of correlating and extending vapor pressure data and practical techniques for calculating latent heats from these data; the behavior of dilute solutions both at low and high pressures for reacting and non-reacting systems; and the behavior of ideal and near-ideal solutions. The remaining chapters explore non-ideal solutions at normal pressures; practical methods for testing the thermodynamic consistency of phase data; and the extent to which the broad aspects of phase behavior may be interpreted in the light of simple molecular considerations. This book is intended primarily for graduate chemical engineers but should also be of interest to those graduates in physics or chemistry who need to use phase equilibrium data.
Download or read book Ionomers written by M.R. Tant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers have achieved an enviable position as the class of materials having the highest volume of production, exceeding that of both metals and ceramics. The meteoric rise in the production and utilization of polymers has been due to advances in polymer synthesis which allow the creation of specific and well-defined molecular structures, to new knowledge concerning the relationships between polymer structure and properties, and to an improved understanding of how processing can be used as a tool to develop morphological features which result in desired properties. Polymers have truly become 'engineered materials' in every sense of the term. Polymer scientists and engineers are forever seeking to modify and improve the properties of synthetic polymeric systems for use in specific applications. Towards this end they have often looked to nature for advice on how to design molecules for specific needs. An excellent illustration of this is the use of noncovalent bonding (ionic, hydrogen, and van der Waals) in lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, where these noncovalent bonds, acting both intra and intermolecularly, precisely control the structure and thus the function of the entire system. The utilization of ionic bonding, in particular in man-made polymers has attracted widespread interest in recent years, since ionic interactions exert a similar strong influence on the structure and properties of these synthetic systems.
Download or read book Polymer Phase Diagrams written by Ronald Koningsveld and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymeric materials include plastics, gels, synthetic fibres, and rubbers. They are all-important both in industry and in daily life. Unlike liquid water, ice, or sugar solution, polymers are not homogeneous. They are said to consist of two or more phases, and their production and processing, as well as their properties and uses, depend on an understanding of the transitions that take place between these phases. This new textbook uses fundamental principles to classify phase separation phenomena in polymer systems, and describes simple molecular models explaining the observed behaviour.
Download or read book Concise Encyclopedia of the Structure of Materials written by J. W. Martin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-10-30 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Concise Encyclopedia draws its material from the award-winning Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, and includes updates and revisions not available in the original set. This customized collection of articles provides a handy reference for materials scientists and engineers with an interest in the structure of metals, polymers, ceramics and glasses, biomaterials, wood, paper, and liquid crystals.Materials science and engineering is concerned with the relationship between the properties and structure of materials. In this context "structure" may be defined on the atomic scale in the case of crystalline materials, on the molecular scale (in the case of polymers, for example), or on the microscopic scale. Each of these definitions has been applied in making the present selection of articles. * Brings together articles from the Encyclopedia of Materials: Science & Technology that focus on the structure of materials at the atomic, molecular and microscopic levels, plus recent updates* Every article has been commissioned and written by an internationally recognized expert and provides a concise overview of a particular aspect of the field * Extensive bibliographies, cross-referencing and indexes guide the user to the most relevant reading in the primary literature
Download or read book Phase Diagram of Polymer Blends Containing Block Copolymers written by R. J. Roe and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phase transition and phase separation behavior occurring in mixtures containing an A-B block copolymer and an A homopolymer is discussed. With a pure block copolymer an order-disorder transition can be induced by raising the temperature, whereby the ordered lattice of segregated microdomains becomes unstable and give way to a homogeneous liquid structure. Small amounts of a homopolymer added to a block copolymer can be accomodated in the microdomains consisting of the same type of monomeric units, up to a solubility limit that depends on the relative length of the homopolymer and the compolymer block and on the temperature. The order-disorder transition temperature of the block copolymer is also affected by the added homopolymer. At the other extreme of concentration, spherical micelles of block compolymer is formed when a small amount of the copolymer is formed when a small amount of the compolymer is added in the bulk homopolymer, and its critical micelle concentration again depends on the relative length of the molecules and block involved and on the temperature. Measurements were made with light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques to determine the phase behavior of mixtures containing a styrene-butadiene block copolymer and either a polystyrene or a polybutadiene.
Download or read book Phase Relations in Multicomponent Polymer Systems written by R. J. Roe and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this project a number of polymer blend systems were studied to find the thermodynamic factors controlling the compatibility, such as the temperature, concentration, molecular weight and the copolymer composition, etc. Topics investigated include: The polymer-polymer interaction parameter between polystyrene and polybutadiene was determined, and the applicability of mean field theories (Flory-Huggins theory and the equation-of-state theory) to the polymer miscibility was ascertained. The feasibility of determining the thickness of interfaces between dissimilar polymers by means of small-angle X-ray scattering was critically examined. The occurrence of the order-disorder transition in block copolymer system were investigated. Light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering were utilized to study the phase transition and phase separation behavior of mixtures of a homopolymer and a block copolymer, and this led to the construction of phase diagrams which exhibit many new features not found with other types of polymer blends. Deuteration of polystyrene was found not to influence its miscibility with polybutadiene. The effectiveness of a random or block copolymer as a compatibilizer of homopolymer blends was investigated. The effect of molecular weight polydipersity on the cloud point curves of polymeric blends was investigated.
Download or read book Polymer Thermodynamics written by Sabine Enders and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-01-18 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making Flory-Huggins Practical: Thermodynamics of Polymer-Containing Mixtures, by B. A. Wolf * Aqueous Solutions of Polyelectrolytes: Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium and Some Related Properties, by G. Maurer, S. Lammertz, and L. Ninni Schäfer * Gas-Polymer Interactions: Key Thermodynamic Data and Thermophysical Properties, by J.-P. E. Grolier, and S. A.E. Boyer * Interfacial Tension in Binary Polymer Blends and the Effects of Copolymers as Emulsifying Agents, by S. H. Anastasiadis * Theory of Random Copolymer Fractionation in Columns, by Sabine Enders * Computer Simulations and Coarse-Grained Molecular Models Predicting the Equation of State of Polymer Solutions, by K. Binder, B. Mognetti, W. Paul, P. Virnau, and L. Yelash * Modeling of Polymer Phase Equilibria Using Equations of State, by G. Sadowski
Download or read book Molecular Engineering Thermodynamics written by Juan J. de Pablo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building up gradually from first principles, this unique introduction to modern thermodynamics integrates classical, statistical and molecular approaches and is especially designed to support students studying chemical and biochemical engineering. In addition to covering traditional problems in engineering thermodynamics in the context of biology and materials chemistry, students are also introduced to the thermodynamics of DNA, proteins, polymers and surfaces. It includes over 80 detailed worked examples, covering a broad range of scenarios such as fuel cell efficiency, DNA/protein binding, semiconductor manufacturing and polymer foaming, emphasizing the practical real-world applications of thermodynamic principles; more than 300 carefully tailored homework problems, designed to stretch and extend students' understanding of key topics, accompanied by an online solution manual for instructors; and all the necessary mathematical background, plus resources summarizing commonly used symbols, useful equations of state, microscopic balances for open systems, and links to useful online tools and datasets.
Download or read book Nanoparticle block Copolymer Self assembly written by Scott Charles Warren and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
