Download or read book Pharmacology of Intestinal Absorption written by Armando Joseph Aguiar and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1975 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pharmacology of Intestinal Absorption Gastrointestinal Absorption of Drugs written by W. Forth and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation II written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intestine, particularly the small bowel, represents a large surface (in the adult 2 human approximately 200 m ) through which the body is exposed to its environ ment. A vigorous substrate exchange takes place across this large surface: nutrients and xenobiotics are absorbed from the lumen into the bloodstream or the lymph, and simultaneously, the same types of substrate pass back into the lumen. The luminal surface of the intestine is lined with a "leaky" epithelium, thus the passage of the substrates, in either direction, proceeds via both transcellular and intercellular routes. Simple and carrier-mediated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis, phagocytosis and persorption are all involved in this passage across the intestinal wall. The term "intestinal permeation" refers to the process of passage of various substances across the gut wall, either from the lumen into the blood or lymph, or in the opposite direction. "Permeability" is the condition of the gut which governs the rate of this complex two-way passage. The pharmacologist's interest in the problem of intestinal permeation is twofold: on the one hand, this process determines the bioavailability of drugs and contributes significantly to the pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of xeno biotics; on the other hand, the pharmacodynamic effects of many drugs are manifested in a signigicant alteration of the physiological process of intestinal permeation.

Download or read book Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation I written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intestine, particularly the small bowel, represents a large surface (in the adult 2 human approximately 200m ) through which the body is exposed to its environment. A vigorous substrate exchange takes place across this large surface: nutrients and xenobiotics are absorbed from the lumen into the bloodstream or the lymph, and simultaneously, the same types of substrate pass back into the lumen. The luminal surface of the intestine is lined with a "leaky" epithelium, thus the passage of the substrates, in either direction, proceeds via both transcellular and intercellular routes. Simple and carrier-mediated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis, phagocytosis and persorption are all involved in this passage across the intestinal wall. The term "intestinal permeation" refers to the process of passage of various substances across the gut wall, either from the lumen into the blood or lymph, or in the opposite direction. "Permeability" is the condition of the gut which governs the rate of this complex two-way passage. The pharmacologist's interest in the problem of intestinal permeation is twofold: on the one hand, this process determines thebioavailability of drugs and contributes significantly to the pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of xeno biotics; on the other hand, the pharmacodynamic effects of many drugs are manifested in a significant alteration of the physiological process of intestinal permeation.

Download or read book Concepts in Biochemical Pharmacology written by H.S. Ackermann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (Concepts in Biochemical Pharmacology) will show that pharma cology has finally arrived as a true discipline in its own right, and is no longer the handmaiden of organic chemistry and physiology. Instead it is an amalgam of all the biological sciences including biochemistry, biophysical chemistry, physiology, pathology and clinical medicine. In the volumes that make up Concepts in Bioche mical Pharmacology we hope to convince Medical Schools what should now be obvious, that pharmacology is no longer that dull topic bridging the basic sciences with medicine, but is probably the most important subject in the medical curriculum. We are grateful for the advice of Dr. BYRON CLARKE, Director of the Pharmacology-Toxicology Program at the National Insti tutes of Health, whose support made possible much of the work described in this volume. Contents Section One: Routes of Drug Administration Chapter 1: Biological Membranes and Their Passage by Drugs. C. A. M. HOGBEN 1 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Chapter 2: Absorption of Drugs from the Gastrointestinal Tract. L. S. SCHANKER. With 5 Figures. 9 I. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 II. Methods of Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 III. Absorption from the Stomach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 IV. Intestinal Absorption of Non-Electrolytes and Weak Electrolytes 15 V. Absorption of Weak Electrolytes from the Colon and Rectum 18 VI. Intestinal Absorption of Organic Ions. . . . . . . . . . 19 VII. Intestinal Absorption of Macromolecules . . . . . . . . . . 19 VIII. Active Transport across the Intestinal Epithelium . . . . . 20 IX. Effect of EDTA on Drug Absorption from the Intestine . . . . . . .

Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Therapeutics written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pharmacology of Intestinal Absorption written by Armando J. Aguiar and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oral Drug Absorption written by Jennifer B. Dressman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oral Drug Absorption, Second Edition thoroughly examines the special equipment and methods used to test whether drugs are released adequately when administered orally. The contributors discuss methods for accurately establishing and validating in vitro/in vivo correlations for both MR and IR formulations, as well as alternative approaches for MR an

Download or read book Gastrointestinal Variables and Drug Absorption written by Marival Bermejo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-03-19 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents some of the state-of-the-art methods for the study of the gastrointestinal variables affecting oral drug absorption. Practical applications of new in vitro release/dissolution methods are presented, as well as in vitro permeability studies to explore segmental differences. The application of MRI methods for the study of colon physiology is presented to illustrate its potential applications in controlled release dosage form design. Some examples of successful in vitro–in vivo correlations show how implementing the gastrointestinal physiological variables in the new in vitro methods can improve the predictions of in vivo drug product performance. The book contains an updated review of the experimental, computational, and in vivo approaches for measuring intestinal permeability.

Download or read book Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation written by W. McD. Armstrong and published by Springer. This book was released on 1984 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Drug Absorption Studies written by Carsten Ehrhardt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-22 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a well thought-out, highly practical text covering contemporary ‘in vitro’ techniques for drug absorption studies. Starting at the molecular level of investigation, it continues with cell monolayer models (both primary and cell lines) and culminates with in situ techniques as a final testing format. In addition, chapters on high-throughput assays, in vitro-in vivo correlation, bioinformatics and regulatory issues are covered, giving a comprehensive overview of available models and techniques. Moreover, an appendix consisting of a number of practical protocols is available online, updated as needed, and should prove very helpful to apply the techniques directly to the benchside.

Download or read book Rifaximin a Poorly Absorbed Antibiotic written by C. Scarpignato and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rifaximin is a semisynthetic rifamycin which is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It has been available in Europe and other countries for several years, and has recently been approved for treatment of traveler's diarrhea in the United States. Because of its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, rifaximin has been used with success in the treatment of infectious diarrhea, hepatic encephalopathy, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, inflammatory bowel disease, and colonic diverticular disease. Potential indications include the irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation, Clostridium difficile infection and bowel preparation before colorectal surgery. In this publication both the present and future clinical use of rifaximin as well as the pharmacology behind it are extensively reviewed. Compiling the latest information on this remarkably active antibacterial agent, it will be an essential resource for infectiologists, gastroenterologists, and digestive surgeons alike.

Download or read book Regulation of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Growth written by Rao N. Jaladanki and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mammalian gastrointestinal mucosa is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis is preserved through the strict regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. The control of the growth of gastrointestinal mucosa is unique and, compared with most other tissue in the body, complex. Mucosal growth is regulated by the same hormones that alter metabolism in other tissues, but the gastrointestinal mucosa also responds to host events triggered by the ingestion and presence of food within the digestive tract. These gut hormones and peptides regulate the growth of the exocrine pancreas, gallbladder epithelium, and the mucosa of the oxyntic gland region of the stomach and the small and large intestines. Luminal factors, including nutrients or other dietary factors, secretions, and microbes that occur within the lumen and distribute over a proximal-to-distal gradient, are also crucial for maintenance of normal gut mucosal regeneration and could explain the villous-height-crypt-depth gradient and variety of adaptation, since these factors are diluted, absorbed, and destroyed as they pass down the digestive tract. Recently, intestinal stem cells, cellular polyamines, and noncoding RNAs are shown to play an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal growth under physiological and various pathological conditions. In this book, we highlight key issues and factors that control gastrointestinal mucosal growth and homeostasis, with special emphasis on the mechanisms through which epithelial renewal and apoptosis are regulated at the cellular and molecular levels.

Download or read book Regional Intestinal Drug Absorption written by Maria Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can be broadly divided into several regions: the stomach, the small intestine (which is subdivided to duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), and the colon. The conditions and environment in each of these segments, and even within the segment, are dependent on many factors, e.g., the surrounding pH, fluid composition, transporters expression, metabolic enzymes activity, tight junction resistance, different morphology along the GIT, variable intestinal mucosal cell differentiation, changes in drug concentration (in cases of carrier-mediated transport), thickness and types of mucus, and resident microflora. Each of these variables, alone or in combination with others, can fundamentally alter the solubility/dissolution, the intestinal permeability, and the overall absorption of various drugs. This is the underlying mechanistic basis of regional-dependent intestinal drug absorption, which has led to many attempts to deliver drugs to specific regions throughout the GIT, aiming to optimize drug absorption, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and/or pharmacodynamics. In the book "Regional Intestinal Drug Absorption: Biopharmaceutics and Drug Formulation" we aim to highlight the current progress and to provide an overview of the latest developments in the field of regional-dependent intestinal drug absorption and delivery, as well as pointing out the unmet needs of the field.

Download or read book Drug Absorption at Different Regions of the Human Gastro Intestinal Tract Methods of Investigation and Results Arzneimittelabsorption aus verschiedenen Bereichen des Gastrointestinaltraktes beim Menschen Untersuchungsmethoden und Ergebnisse written by Norbert Rietbrock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: N. Rietbrock Wachsendes Qualitätsbewußtsein beschränkt sich nicht nur auf die Güter des täglichen Bedarfs, sondern gilt auch für die im Krankheitsfall zu verordnenden Arzneimittel. Die Qualität ist vom pharmazeutischen Hersteller im Zulassungsverfahren nachzuwei sen. So schreibt der im zweiten Gesetz zur Änderung des Arzneimittelgesetzes vom 16. August 1986 neu eingefügte {sect} 11a bindend vor, daß in der Fachinformation "die pharma kologischen und toxikologischen Eigenschaften und Angaben über die Pharmakokinetik und Bioverfügbarkeit, soweit diese Angaben für die therapeutische Anwendung erfor derlich sind ..." enthalten sein müssen. Damit schränkt der Gesetzgeber aber auch bewußt die Angaben zur Pharmakokinetik und Bioverfügbarkeit auf therapeutisch relevante Arzneigruppen ein. Folglich bleibt die Erbringung der Daten praktikabel. Es liegt nicht im Sinne des Gesetzgebers noch in dem des Herstellers in Anbetracht der limitierten Zahl der medizinischen Institute mit ent sprechender Ausrichtung, des relativ großen Zeitaufwandes und der nicht unerheblichen Kosten für alle Arzneimittel eine generelle Regelung zu treffen. Pharmakokinetik und Bioverfügbarkeit sind für die therapeutische Anwendung erforder lich unter anderem bei Arzneimitteln, die bei Überdosierungen zu gravierenden unerwünschten Wirkun gen führen können; bei Arzneimitteln, die vorwiegend renal eliminiert werden und bei denen die Gefahr einer verstärkten Kumulation bei eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion besteht; bei Arzneimitteln mit einem "first pass" Effekt; bei allen Arzneimitteln mit geringer therapeutischer Breite. Damit wird aber auch der Zweck solcher Studien klar: Qualität ist ein relatives Merkmal eines Arzneimittels. Die Validität dieses Merkmals ist immer im Zusammenhang mit dem klinischen Krankheitsbild zu sehen.

Download or read book Intestinal Absorption in Man written by Ian McColl and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: