Download or read book Pharmaceutical Intellectual Property Rights and the Single Market written by Stefan Kirchner and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-10-24 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thesis (M.A.) from the year 2006 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, grade: 13,53 (gut) , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, course: Magister Juris Internationalis, language: English, abstract: With an aging demographic all over the European Union, the European pharmaceutical sector is set to grow in the coming decades. Al-ready today the pharmaceutical industry is a key employer in Europe. At the same time, the pharmaceutical industry is marked by a very ex-pensive research and development phase, which makes strong intellectual property rights crucial to ensure that research for new pharmaceuticals remains commercially interesting. But not only direct threats to intellectual property rights, such as the production of generic phar-maceuticals or the sale of counterfeit pharmaceuticals, pose a threat to those pharmaceutical companies which heavily invest in research for the development of new products: different prices for identical pharmaceuticals in different member states of the European Community make it economically interesting to buy pharmaceuticals in one member state and sell them abroad. It might even be cheaper to sell reimported pharmaceuticals in the country of origin. This possibility opens a whole new market for reimporters which cuts directly into the profit of the producers. In this thesis we will look at different issues surrounding intellectual property rights in the European pharmaceutical sector by investigating the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance.
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Intellectual Property Rights and the Single Market written by Stefan Kirchner and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thesis (M.A.) from the year 2006 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, grade: 13,53 (gut), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, course: Magister Juris Internationalis, language: English, abstract: With an aging demographic all over the European Union, the European pharmaceutical sector is set to grow in the coming decades. Al-ready today the pharmaceutical industry is a key employer in Europe. At the same time, the pharmaceutical industry is marked by a very ex-pensive research and development phase, which makes strong intellectual property rights crucial to ensure that research for new pharmaceuticals remains commercially interesting. But not only direct threats to intellectual property rights, such as the production of generic phar-maceuticals or the sale of counterfeit pharmaceuticals, pose a threat to those pharmaceutical companies which heavily invest in research for the development of new products: different prices for identical pharmaceuticals in different member states of the European Community make it economically interesting to buy pharmaceuticals in one member state and sell them abroad. It might even be cheaper to sell reimported pharmaceuticals in the country of origin. This possibility opens a whole new market for reimporters which cuts directly into the profit of the producers. In this thesis we will look at different issues surrounding intellectual property rights in the European pharmaceutical sector by investigating the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance.
Download or read book Medical Monopoly written by Joseph M. Gabriel and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During most of the nineteenth century, physicians and pharmacists alike considered medical patenting and the use of trademarks by drug manufacturers unethical forms of monopoly; physicians who prescribed patented drugs could be, and were, ostracized from the medical community. In the decades following the Civil War, however, complex changes in patent and trademark law intersected with the changing sensibilities of both physicians and pharmacists to make intellectual property rights in drug manufacturing scientifically and ethically legitimate. By World War I, patented and trademarked drugs had become essential to the practice of good medicine, aiding in the rise of the American pharmaceutical industry and forever altering the course of medicine. Drawing on a wealth of previously unused archival material, Medical Monopoly combines legal, medical, and business history to offer a sweeping new interpretation of the origins of the complex and often troubling relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and medical practice today. Joseph M. Gabriel provides the first detailed history of patent and trademark law as it relates to the nineteenth-century pharmaceutical industry as well as a unique interpretation of medical ethics, therapeutic reform, and the efforts to regulate the market in pharmaceuticals before World War I. His book will be of interest not only to historians of medicine and science and intellectual property scholars but also to anyone following contemporary debates about the pharmaceutical industry, the patenting of scientific discoveries, and the role of advertising in the marketplace.
Download or read book Intellectual Property Related Generic Defense Strategies in the European Pharmaceutical Market written by Marc P. Philipp and published by Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction -- Governance framework of Europe's pharmaceutical sector -- Competitive dynamics in Europe's pharmaceutical market -- Potential future limitations for generic defense -- Implications of business model transformations -- Conclusion & managerial recommendation.
Download or read book Intellectual property rights and pharmaceuticals The case of antibiotics written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2015 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and diffusion of antibiotics contributed to large improvements in human health and living standards. The antibiotic revolution also spawned the modern pharmaceutical industry. This paper reviews the development of the early antibiotics, and the roles of intellectual property rights (in particular, patents) in their development and diffusion.
Download or read book Competition and Patent Law in the Pharmaceutical Sector written by Giovanni Pitruzzella and published by Kluwer Law International. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Editors --Contributors --Foreword --Preface --Pharmaceutical Patents and Competition Issues --What Is Going on in National Systems?
Download or read book Intellectual Property Market Power and the Public Interest written by Inge Govaere and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2008 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of the contributions to this book is to bring together two seemingly different strands of thought: the competition-law analysis of the exercise of intellectual property, and the discussion about the proper limits of protection, which at present takes place inside the intellectual property community. Both are burdened with their own problems, particularly so in Europe, where market integration and the divide between exclusionary and exploitative abuses ask for a more dimensional approach, and where the shaping of intellectual property protection is under not only the influence of many interests and policies, but a multi-level exercise of the Community and its member states. The question is whether, nevertheless, there is a common concern, or whether the frequently asserted convergence of the operation and of the goals of competition law and intellectual property law does not mask a fundamental difference - namely that of, on the one hand, protecting freedom of competition against welfare-reducing restrictions of competition only, and, on the other, limiting the protection of exclusive rights in the (public) interest of maintaining free access to general knowledge. The purpose of the workshop held in 2007 at the College of Europe, Bruges, and whose results are published here, was to ask which role market power plays in either context, which role it may legitimately play, and which role it ought not to play. A tentative answer might be found in the general principle that, just as intellectual property does not enjoy a particular status under competition law, so competition law may not come as a white knight to rescue intellectual property protection from itself. However, the meaning of that principle differs according to both the context of the acquisition and the exploitation of intellectual property, and it differs from one area of intellectual property to the other. Therefore, an attempt has also been made to cover more facets of the prism-like complex of problems than is generally done.
Download or read book La propri t intellectuelle dans l industrie pharmaceutique Intellectual property in the pharmaceutical industry written by Jean-Christophe Galloux and published by Université de Genève. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 141p
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights in Pharmaceutical Test Data written by Adam Buick and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-12 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers the intellectual property protection of clinical test data that has been submitted to governments, in particular through test data exclusivity rights. It focuses on how these intellectual property rights first emerged in the early 1980s, how they have globalised over the past four decades, and what impact they have had upon access to medicine. This book makes a number of significant and original contributions to the literature around the protection of submitted test data. First, the book draws upon the theory of regulatory globalisation to provide an explanation of how intellectual property rights in submitted pharmaceutical test data have become nearly ubiquitous in the legal systems of most major economies. Second, through a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of provisions on the protection of submitted test data in free trade agreements, as well as a comparison of a range of national approaches to the protection of submitted test data, it reveals the broader global regulatory pattern that has given rise to these intellectual property rights. Third, by analysing data on drug approvals in the US, it provides an empirical insight into the impact of test data exclusivity in national pharmaceutical markets. Fourth, the book covers a number of developments regarding test data exclusivity that have occurred as a result of responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, both at the national level as well as at the World Trade Organisation (WTO). This book will appeal to academics researching the intersection of intellectual property and the life sciences, civil society activists working to promote access to medicines, and students (particularly those at the post-graduate level) studying the relationship between intellectual property and medicine.
Download or read book Foundations of Intellectual Property written by Robert P. Merges and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is meant to provide a ... collection of commentaries on the topic of intellectual property. [The] goal has been to bring together ... influential writings on patent, copyright, trademark and design protection, beginning with early material from the seventeenth century and continuing into the contemporary law review literature. -Pref.
Download or read book Competition Law and IP Rights in Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology written by Björn Lundqvist and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2031-05-30 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive analysis of European competition law and intellectual property law issues affecting the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors, offering both theoretical and practical perspectives.
Download or read book Parallel Trade in Europe written by Christopher Stothers and published by Hart Publishing. This book was released on 2007-04-02 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are parallel importers the key to unlocking the single European market, breaking down long-established national barriers for the benefit of all? Or do they instead just operate in a dubious "grey market", free-loading on the investment of innovators and brand owners to the ultimate detriment of future investment? Parallel importers are in turn lionized and demonized, both in legal commentary and in the mainstream press. Trade is economically possible whenever the price of a particular product is higher in one area than in another. However, in the real world, trade will only occur if this price differential is sufficient to cover the costs of the trader together with a sufficiently attractive margin of profit. Some costs can be viewed as barriers to trade which result in an economically imperfect allocation of resources across the world. They can also operate as a waste of resources. Various attempts have been made to reduce unnecessary barriers, encouraging trade, and reducing waste - the clearest example being the WTO, which is dedicated to eliminating barriers to trade. Regional trading areas, such as the European Community share these goals, along with certain other aims. Although many barriers have already been removed, the process is far from complete. Parallel trade occurs when goods are manufactured by one party (the manufacturer) and put onto the market in country A but are then imported into country B by a second party (the parallel importer). The manufacturer may have manufactured the goods and/or put them on the market in country A directly or through third parties, but the distinguishing feature of parallel trade is that the manufacturer did not intend the goods to end up in country B. Parallel trade normally occurs when the manufacturer sells the goods in question in both countries (thus the trade is "parallel" to the main trade organized by the manufacturer) but the price of the goods in country A is lower than the price in country B. However, it may also occur when the manufacturer does not sell in country B at all, or does not sell sufficient quantities there. The goods are typically described in country B as "parallel imports" or "grey market goods." Understanding how EC law operates to restrict parallel trade involves exploring a complex matrix of different rules derived from the different fields of competition, free movement, and intellectual property, together with their corresponding private and public enforcement regimes, as well as the relationship with other external regimes. Author Christopher Stothers' comprehensive treatment of the subject successfully casts light on this difficult topic and is set to become the definitive work of reference in the area.
Download or read book Regulation Innovation and Competition in Pharmaceutical Markets written by Margherita Colangelo and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-04-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the fundamental and inextricable relationship between regulation, intellectual property, competition law, and public health in pharmaceutical markets, examining their interconnections and the delicate balance between the various interests and policy goals at stake. Although pharmaceutical markets are heavily regulated and subject to close antitrust scrutiny, there is a constant requirement for existing rules and policies to tackle a number of persistent, complex issues. The variety of anti-competitive practices occurring in this sector, the worrying rise in drug prices, and major, far-reaching concerns over the accessibility of medicines are sources of frequent controversy in academic and policy debates. Understanding the unique features and dynamics of the pharmaceutical industry requires a tailored and multifaceted approach. The study is enhanced by the adoption of a comparative perspective, tracing convergence and divergence between EU and US systems through the analysis of relevant applicable rules, significant cases, and policy choices. Pursuant to this rigorous approach, the book provides an original and thought-provoking critique of the challenges of regulating pharmaceutical markets.
Download or read book The Pharmaceutical Sector in the European Union written by Russell Graeme Hunter and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book European Intellectual Property Law written by Justine Pila and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: European Intellectual Property Law offers a full account of the main areas of substantive European IP law and a discussion of their wider context and effect. The amount and reach of European law, and decision-making in the field of intellectual property has grown exponentially since the 1960s, making it increasingly difficult to treat European law as an adjunct to domestic intellectual property regimes. European Intellectual Property Law responds to this reality by presenting a clear and detailed account of each of the main areas of substantive EU intellectual property law, situated in the context of both the EU legal system and international IP law, including EU constitutional law, the law of the European Patent Convention 1973/2000, and private international law. It draws selectively on examples from domestic IP regimes to illustrate substantive differences between those regimes and to demonstrate the impact of European law, and decision-making on EU Member States. This unique, thoroughly modern approach goes beyond a discussion of the provisions of European legal instruments to consider their wider context and effect. European Intellectual Property Law is the ideal guide for any student wishing to gain a full and critical understanding of the substantive European law of intellectual property.
Download or read book Legal Regulation of the British Pharmaceutical Market written by Lesley Jane Smith and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Copyright in the Digital Single Market written by Eleonora Rosati and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an article-by-article commentary to all the provisions of Directive 2019/790 on copyright in the Digital Single Market. It is the first complete commentary to Directive 2019/790, analyzing the history, objectives, and content of each and every provision.
