Download or read book PH Responsive Thin Film Membranes from Poly 2 vinylpyridine Water Vapor Induced Formation of a Microporous Structure written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report the fabrication of microporous thin film membranes with two-dimensionally arranged submicron pores whose size can be varied by changing pH of aqueous medium. A solution containing poly(2-vinylpyridine) partially quaternized with 1,4-dilodobutane (qP2VP) and unreacted 1,4-diodobutane (DIB) was used for the formation and deposition of the membranes on solid substrates. The membranes were spin-coated on to solid substrates in a controlled humid environment. The presence of water vapor in air was found to be a necessary condition for the pore formation. We studied the influence of relative humidity on the membrane morphology and proposed a mechanism of pore formation. Cross-linking the qP2VP membranes with DIB made them insoluble (stable) in organic solvents and acidic water. The cross-linked membranes demonstrated pH-dependent swelling, which had a strong influence on the pore size.

Download or read book pH Responsive Membranes written by Randeep Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-25 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an application-oriented approach for pH responsive membranes and types of stimuli-responsive membranes and their applications in the biomedical field including initial development and recent use. It explains types, modes, and modification methods of membranes, along with membrane usage in applications such as drug delivery, hemodialysis, chemical sensing, and so forth. pH Responsive Membranes: Biomedical Applications explores recent research carried out in the area as well as the future outlook, and provides deeper insight for readers on the subject, ranging from the basics to advanced levels on the topic. Features Describes preparation, characterization, and applications of pH responsive membranes in biomedical applications Introduces theoretical understanding of pH responsiveness Covers development of advanced techniques regarding pH responsive membranes Provides insight into development of new materials and membranes Discusses advancements in drug delivery, hemodialysis, antibodies and enzyme production, chemical sensing, and selective ionic transport using pH responsive membranes This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers involved in membrane and chemical engineering/polymer exploration, and medical researchers.

Download or read book Responsive Membranes and Materials written by D. Bhattacharyya and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-26 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of new multifunctional membranes and materials which respond to external stimuli, such as pH, temperature, light, biochemicals or magnetic or electrical signals, represents new approaches to separations, reactions, or recognitions. With multiple cooperative functions, responsive membranes and materials have applications which range from biopharmaceutical, to drug delivery systems to water treatment. This book covers recent advances in the generation and application of responsive materials and includes: Development and design of responsive membranes and materials Carbon nanotube membranes Tunable separations, reactions and nanoparticle synthesis Responsive membranes for water treatment Pore-filled membranes for drug release Biologically-inspired responsive materials and hydrogels Biomimetic polymer gels Responsive Membranes and Materials provides a cutting-edge resource for researchers and scientists in membrane science and technology, as well as specialists in separations, biomaterials, bionanotechnology, drug delivery, polymers, and functional materials.

Download or read book Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Membranes written by Mihir Kumar Purkait and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-11 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Membranes: Smart Polymeric Membranes explains the fundamentals and advances in topics relating to the field of membrane science. It elaborately explains concepts relating to stimuli responsive membranes, with special importance given down to minute details. Material selection, preparation, characterization and applications of various stimuli responsive membranes are extensively addressed, and their relevance (including examples) is included. The book covers history and development, merits and demerits, mechanisms of transport and fouling, applicability of membranes to various diverse areas, and preparation and characterization techniques of membranes. Next, the concept of fouling and its remedial actions is discussed. Finally, promising fields of research in the membrane science and future perspectives of membrane science field are explored. Provides basic and advanced knowledge of smart membranes, considering their morphological, physicochemical and separation characteristics Written in a clear and lucid style, keeping a diverse audience in mind Based on the state-of-art research of the authors

Download or read book Handbook of Biofunctional Surfaces written by Wolfgang Knoll and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 1186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design and synthesis of molecularly or supramolecularly defined interfacial architectures have seen in recent years a remarkable growth of interest and scientific research activities for various reasons. On the one hand, it is generally believed that the construction of an interactive interface between the living world of cells, tissue, or whole organisms and the (inorganic or organic) materials world of technical devices such as implants or medical parts requires proper construction and structural (and functional) control of this organism–machine interface. It is still the very beginning of generating a better understanding of what is needed to make an organism tolerate implants, to guarantee bidirectional communication between microelectronic devices and living tissue, or to simply construct interactive biocompatibility of surfaces in general. This exhaustive book lucidly describes the design, synthesis, assembly and characterization, and bio-(medical) applications of interfacial layers on solid substrates with molecularly or supramolecularly controlled architectures. Experts in the field share their contributions that have been developed in recent years.

Download or read book Smart Polymer Nanocomposites written by Showkat Ahmad Bhawani and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-28 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smart Polymer Nanocomposites: Biomedical and Environmental Applications presents the latest information on smart polymers and their promising application in various fields, including their role in delivery systems for drugs, tissue engineering scaffolds, cell culture sports, bioseparation, and sensors or actuator systems. Features detailed information on the preparation, characterization and applications of smart functional polymer composites Covers a broad range of applications in both the biomedical and environmental engineering fields Chapters are written by authors with diverse background expertise from the faculties of chemistry, engineering and the manufacturing industry

Download or read book Intelligent Surfaces in Biotechnology written by H. Michelle Grandin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-28 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of smart and responsive surfaces in biotechnology and their applications A wave of recent advances in cell biology, biophysics, chemistry, and materials science has enabled the development of a new generation of smart biomaterials. Intelligent Surfaces in Biotechnology: Scientific and Engineering Concepts, Enabling Technologies, and Translation to Bio-Oriented Applications provides readers with a comprehensive overview of surface modifications and their applications, including coverage of the physico-chemical properties, characterization methods, smart coating technologies, and demonstration of performance in vitro and in vivo. The first part of the book covers applications in the fields of biosensing and biodiagnostics, while the second part focuses more on coatings for medical devices, drug delivery, and tailored cell-surface interactions. The book explores intelligent surface applications such as tissue engineering, drug targeting and delivery, wound healing and anti-infection strategies, biosensors, nanopatterning, and bioinspired design of novel responsive materials and multifunctional surfaces. Designed to aid scientists and engineers in understanding the rapidly developing field of biofunctional surfaces, Intelligent Surfaces in Biotechnology is an edited volume with each chapter written by a respected expert and featuring examples taken from the most state-of-the-art developments in the discipline. Cover Image: Design concept for a diagnostic microfluidic system based on responsive polymer- and antibody-conjugated nanobeads (see Chapter 2 of this book, Figure 2.5; reproduced by permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry).

Download or read book Breath Figures written by Juan Rodríguez-Hernández and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a complete and concise overview of the different strategies used to prepare microstructured surfaces employing information regarding surface instabilities and physical processes. Based upon the concept of the remarkably uniform layer of water vapor that is applied when one simply breathes onto a surface in cold temperatures, the book presents a comprehensive treatise addressing chemical and physical fundamentals, fabrication, and applications of the breath figures approach to surface wetting, coating, and modification (breath figures self-assembly) of various materials. The main topics of the book are divided into six parts: the control of surface properties in polymer blends; block copolymer design with the aim of providing order at different lengths; combination of block copolymer blends with the breath figures (BFs); dynamic templating; the breath figures method; biorecognition; and alternative approaches for surface structuring and functionalization. Discusses various physical processing methods in preparing microstructured surfaces; Describes relevant aspects of micro- and nanostructured surfaces from fabrication to final applications, including additive manufacturing, bacterial adhesion and entrapment, optical and electro-optical applications, and membrane technology; Details the breath figures approach to surface structuring while discussing alternative strategies that tie morphology to functionality of materials.

Download or read book Polymer Surfaces in Motion written by Juan Rodríguez-Hernández and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-03 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pattern formation is a fascinating and challenging aspect in polymer science. This book describes a number of unconventional approaches developed to control the morphology of polymer surfaces and materials, from random or simple patterns to complex structures. Specialists provide an up-to-date and complete overview of each technique in their respective field.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Efficient Polyamide Thin Film Nanocomposite Membranes written by Mohamed M. A. Elleithy and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The availability of fresh water is directly associated with accessible natural resources. However, 2.5 billion of the world's population (around 40%) does not have access to proper sanitation systems, with 6 to 8 million annual deaths related to inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene in 2013. Currently, sea water desalination offers a feasible strategy to face global water challenge. Different water desalination techniques were developed and membrane desalination is currently the highest cost effective technique. Reverse osmosis (RO) system is by far considered the least expensive membrane process. Typically, RO system uses the thin film composite (TFC) membranes. A typical TFC membrane consists of two layers: a top dense polyamide (PA) skin layer (responsible for salt rejection) applied on an underlying support layer (responsible for mechanical support of the thin PA layer). Recently, a new category of membranes has emerged known as thin film nanocomposite membranes (TFNC) where nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated into the support layer to enhance its properties. The support layer surface pore diameters are quite crucial in supporting and preserving the integrity of the PA layer. Thus, the ideal support layer shall comprise a non-porous to slightly porous top surface. However, a support layer with non-porous surface would resist the water flow. Consequently, the main target of the work represented was to fabricate a highly porous membrane that could still support a PA layer on top of it. Membranes with symmetric cross section have high permeability due to the highly interconnected porous structure. Yet, the surface of the symmetric membranes is also highly porous; and hence, serving as a TFNC support is challenging. Thus, this study focuses on tailoring symmetric TFNC support membranes to effectively support the PA layer. Firstly, we investigated the influence of different fabrication parameters on the support membrane properties. This entailed the understanding of the thermodynamic behavior of the cast solution during fabrication till the final precipitation of the support membrane. TFNC support membranes were prepared using cast solution of Polyethersulfone (PES) polymer in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. Afterwards, the effect of non-solvent addition was investigated using Triethylene Glycol (TEG). Furthermore, Pluronic® (Plu) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs were incorporated in two different sets of experiments to compare the enhancement of support membrane hydrophilicity and mechanical stability. Support membranes were fabricated using two consecutive phase separation processes, namely: Vapor-Induced Phase Separation (VIPS) followed by Liquid-Induced Phase Separation (LIPS). Various conditions were tested during the VIPS process, including relative humidity degree (RH) at exposure, exposure time and the effect of air convection during the exposure period. The cast solutions were prepared under 30% and 80% RH for exposure time ranging from 1 to 5 minutes. Forced convection condition was applied to the cast solutions whereas compressed dry air was introduced to the cast solution during the exposure period. On the other hand, free convection condition was defined in terms of the absence of compressed dry air introduction during VIPS process. Solution composition was systematically changed to further understand its influence on the thermodynamic behavior under VIPS process. This entailed studying the change in PES content ranging from 10 to 15 wt%, as well as the TEG (0 to 60 wt%), Plu (0 to 5 wt%) and TiO2 (0 to 1 wt%). This variability in cast solution composition clarified the influences of the solution viscosity and hygroscopicity on the thermodynamic behavior of the cast solution, which in turns, reflected on the support membrane final morphology. Afterwards, support membranes were characterized for their cross-sectional morphology using scanning electron microscopy, pore size distribution using the capillary flow porometer, hydrophilicity using contact angle method, surface charge using surface charge analyzer and chemical composition using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Also, membranes hydraulic permeability and wettability were tested. Membranes fabricated under different conditions showed various structures including asymmetric and symmetric cross section morphologies. The effect of air convection was significantly important and in some cases even switched the cross section structure from asymmetric to completely symmetric. Interestingly, at low RH value (30%) and under free convection condition, membranes with semi-symmetric structure were successfully produced. This novel structure holds the privileges of both symmetric and asymmetric membranes. It showed high water permeability and mechanical stability due to the highly interconnected pores structure, as well as, having a very thin skin surface to support the PA layer on top of it. Furthermore, the semi-symmetric membrane showed higher compaction resistance (91.3%) and recovery (94%) as compared to the asymmetric membrane. As a consequence, the semi-symmetric morphology was considered as the structure of our interest as a TFNC support membrane. Support membrane hydrophilicity, water permeability, mechanical stability and morphology are known to have high contribution to the overall TFNC membrane performance. Thus, the developed semi-symmetric structure was then reproduced using cast solutions containing the hydrophilic additives Plu and TiO2. Results showed that the addition of TiO2 had increased both the membrane hydrophilicity and compaction resistance. However, semi-symmetric supports were only achievable with 0.05 and 0.1 wt% TiO2 concentrations. As a concluding step, polyamide (PA) top skin layer was fabricated on semi-symmetric support membranes of different compositions. The final TFNC showed the higher permeability values when semi-symmetric supports were compared to asymmetric support of same composition. Furthermore, the highest TFC permeability was for support membrane containing 1 wt% Plu and that containing 0.1 wt% TiO2.

Download or read book Book of Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diffusion of Supported Lipid Bilayers on PH Responsive Polymer Cushions Characterized by Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching written by Caroline Youjung Kim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological membranes are extremely complex, highly organized, responsive thin films composed of a myriad of lipids and proteins. Due to their complexity, supported lipid bilayers have been used as alternates to living cell membranes for study of membrane dynamics, membrane structure, and lipid-protein interactions, among other topics. The tools of modern genetic engineering and bioorganic chemistry allow us to couple many types of biomolecule to supported membranes. This results in wide variety of interfaces that can be used to control, organize and study the properties and function of membranes and membrane-associated proteins. The overarching goal has been to develop robust and easily fabricated biomimetic membrane platforms to facilitate the study of transmembrane proteins for sensing applications.Despite the large volume of research, development of solid supported membrane bilayers that recreate the proper environment has proven to be difficult. Some fundamental drawbacks have been protein substrate interactions leading to premature denaturing of the protein and minimal-to-no mobility within the membrane. To ameliorate these issues, polymer supported lipid bilayers are widely used. One of the main attractions for using polymeric cushions is to mimic thermodynamic and structural properties of free bilayer more specifically the cytoskeleton and extra cellular matrix, which is an important feature of the native cellular environment.Chapter 1 describes the fabrication and characterization of polymer supported bilayers and reviews the lateral mobility of the lipids and proteins on various types of polymer supports. Also presented are potential practical applications including biosensors and future directions of development of polymer supported lipid bilayers. Chapter 2 provides the mobility of a polymer supported lipid bilayer with a polymer cushion that is pH responsive and structurally tunable in order to provide an environmentally sensitive interface. In details, the simple preparation of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) cushioned membranes is described. The PAA cushion provides a tunable, water rich environment for supported lipid membrane applications. Conveniently the thickness of the PAA cushion can be controlled by manipulating the pH of the surrounding aqueous solution and the concentration of the spin-coating solution. As demonstrated in this work, the structure and continuity of cushioned membranes remains intact and this approach offers a robust and facile means to fabricate biological membranes for biophysical studies and sensing applications.

Download or read book Preparation and Performance Testing of Sulfonated Poly 2 6 dimethyl 1 4 phenylene Oxide Polyethersulfone Thin Film Composite Membranes written by Ali Abdalla Hamza and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin film composite membranes were prepared by coating the surface of polyethersulfone ultrafilnation membranes with dilute solutions of sulfonated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) polymer. Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) was first sulfonated to different degrees, thus obtaining polymers of different ion exchange capacities, from which the coating solutions in methanol or methanol/chloroform mixtures were prepared. The reverse osmosis performance of the thin film composite membranes was studied using electrolyte solutes of different valences and ionic radii. The effect of the solvent used for the preparation of the polymer solution for surface coating was also investigated through testing the performance of the composite membranes in separating different electrolyte solutions as well as by micrographic techniques using a Scanning Electron Microscope and an Atomic Force Microscope. It was found that the preparation of thin film composite membranes with high selectivity and high flux was possible by adjusting properly the ion exchange capacity and the solvent used in making the coating solution. It was also found that the membrane performance was governed primarily by the ion exchange reaction between the solute cation and the proton in-SO$\sb3\sp{-}$H$\sp{+},$ as well as by the Donnan equilibrium. An attempt was also made to investigate the effect of changing the microporous substrate of the thin film composite membrane on the membrane permeation rate and selectivity. The porosity and the structure of the substrate play a significant role in determining the performance of the composit membrane.

Download or read book CVD Polymers written by Karen K. Gleason and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The method of CVD (chemical vapor deposition) is a versatile technique to fabricate high-quality thin films and structured surfaces in the nanometer regime from the vapor phase. Already widely used for the deposition of inorganic materials in the semiconductor industry, CVD has become the method of choice in many applications to process polymers as well. This highly scalable technique allows for synthesizing high-purity, defect-free films and for systematically tuning their chemical, mechanical and physical properties. In addition, vapor phase processing is critical for the deposition of insoluble materials including fluoropolymers, electrically conductive polymers, and highly crosslinked organic networks. Furthermore, CVD enables the coating of substrates which would otherwise dissolve or swell upon exposure to solvents. The scope of the book encompasses CVD polymerization processes which directly translate the chemical mechanisms of traditional polymer synthesis and organic synthesis in homogeneous liquids into heterogeneous processes for the modification of solid surfaces. The book is structured into four parts, complemented by an introductory overview of the diverse process strategies for CVD of polymeric materials. The first part on the fundamentals of CVD polymers is followed by a detailed coverage of the materials chemistry of CVD polymers, including the main synthesis mechanisms and the resultant classes of materials. The third part focuses on the applications of these materials such as membrane modification and device fabrication. The final part discusses the potential for scale-up and commercialization of CVD polymers.

Download or read book Membrane Modification written by Nidal Hilal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Modification: Technology and Applications is written for engineers, scientists, graduate students, and researchers in the field of membrane science and technology, materials science, applied physics, chemistry, and environmental science. The book presents the complete range of membrane modification techniques used to increase efficiency of

Download or read book Biomimetic and Bioinspired Membranes for New Frontiers in Sustainable Water Treatment Technology written by Amira Abdelrasoul and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomimetic and bioinspired membranes are the most promising type of membrane for multiple usage scenarios, including commercial separation applications as well as water and wastewater treatment technologies. In recent years, aquaporin biomimetic membranes (ABMs) for water purification have raised considerable interest. These membranes display uniquely favorable properties and outstanding performances, such as diverse interactions, varied selective transport mechanisms, superior stability, high resistance to membrane fouling, and distinct adaptability. Biomimetic membranes would make a significant contribution to alleviate water stress, environmental threats, and energy consumption.

Download or read book Gas Separation Membranes written by Ahmad Fauzi Ismail and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the tremendous progress that has been made in the development of gas separation membranes based both on inorganic and polymeric materials. Materials discussed include polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon based materials, zeolites, as well as other materials, and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) in which the above novel materials are incorporated. This broad survey of gas membranes covers material, theory, modeling, preparation, characterization (for example, by AFM, IR, XRD, ESR, Positron annihilation spectroscopy), tailoring of membranes, membrane module and system design, and applications. The book is concluded with some perspectives about the future direction of the field.