Download or read book Petrogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment Analysis Synthesis Toxicity and Environmental Impact written by Daniela M. Pampanin and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2017-04-07 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although a lot is known about the influence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the marine environment, there are still many unanswered questions. Petrogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment is a monograph that sums up basic knowledge about this topic while highlighting current research practices useful in studying the aquatic environment. It starts with an introduction to effect of PAH in the marine environment. It then proceeds to provide information on techniques to monitor PAH levels and investigate the affected environment in order to control the subsequent negative effects. Chapters also detail the carcinogenic and endocrine effects of PAHs on fish as well as the degradation of PAHs by microorganisms. This monograph is a useful reference for environmental science students and professionals learning about the role of PAH in the marine environment.

Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment written by Jerry M. Neff and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Implications to the Aquatic Environment of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Liberated from Northern Great Plains Coal written by Robert M. Carlson and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Impact of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons 2007 written by Chimezie Anyakora and published by . This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contamination of the environment by polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is becoming a rising environmental concern. Since the implication of these compounds as cancer causing agents several years ago, there has been a renewed interest in them. Many regulatory bodies have continually pushed for tighter legislature on PAHs. Hundreds of research papers have focused on this subject. In these papers the angle of focus varies. Some focused on the impact on the environment in general, some focused on carcinogenesis, carcinogenicity and toxicity of these compounds. Others focused on the analytical methodologies. All these papers have contributed a lot to deeper understanding of the nature and importance of PAHs. This book is an attempt to assemble several experts in the field to bring out some up to date experiences in different aspects of PAHs hence allowing the impact on the environment to be better appreciated. This book is aimed at researchers, scientists and regulators in environmental sciences. It is made up of 14 chapters which focus on different aspect of PAHs. The chapters include: Chemistry of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Toxicity, gentocity and carcinocity of PAHs; Toxicokinetics of PAHs; Bioremediation of PAHs; Structure activity relationship of PAHs; Biomarkers of PAHs exposure; Impact of PAHs on marine organisms in polluted sites; Embryotoxicity of PAHs; Application of PAHs in Chemical Fingerprinting; Sample Preparation; Analysis of PAHs with HPLC; Analysis of PAHs with GC and Analysis of PAHs with MECC. The first chapter of the book serves as a brief introduction to PAHs. It focuses on the Chemistry of these compounds. It briefly describes classification, nomenclature, properties and reactions of PAHs, laying more emphasis on sixteen US EPA priority PAHs. The next chapter goes straight to the toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of PAHs. This chapter reviews widely the important findings on the toxicity, cytotoxicity, ecotoxicity, neurotoxicity of PAHs. Epidemiological studies on PAHs are also reviewed and monitoring methods are well described. Third chapter reviews the vast literature on the toxicokinetics of PAHs. It briefly describes the concept of toxicokinetics in general (absorption, distribution metabolism and excretion) and the reviews important findings on the toxicokinetics of PAHs in the body. This chapter gives more emphasis on sixteen EPA priority PAHs especially benzo(a)pyrene because of the widespread study on them. Chapter four of this book deals with Biomarker of Exposure of PAHs. It reviews a total of 132 studies on biomarkers of PAHs exposure which include studies on children, and workers of various occupations. The review focuses on the use of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) as a biomarker of environmental and occupational exposure to PAHs. Chapter five of this book looks at Fish Embryos and PAH toxicity. Based on years of study, this chapter proposes that embryonic exposure to PAHs causes a wide variety of effects, many of which extend to later life stages including morphological defects, reduced growth, reduced predator avoidance and prey capture, depressed immune function, cancer, genetic changes, and population declines. This chapter is of great interest since most bioassay procedures do not capture the later life impact. The next chapter deals with Structure Activity Relationship. This handles the topic in a unique way by looking at PAH molecules that have been implicated in cancer and correlating their carcinogenic activities with known structural features that promote the ability of the compound to bind to the DNA molecule. Chapter seven looks at the Impact of PAHs on Marine Organisms in Polluted Sites. This chapter shows the levels of PAH contamination in various regions across the world stressing their hazards. It also presents fate, uptake and elimination of PAHs from marine organisms. The next chapter deals with bioremediation of PAHs. This chapter describes various treatment methods for PAH contaminated soils including: incineration, fixation, solvent extraction wet oxidation, landfill and bioremediation, but focuses more on bioremediation method and technology. Chapter nine deals with the Application of PAHs in Chemical Fingerprinting. It reviews various diagnostic ratios that are employed in determining source specific information for contaminated sites. The last five chapters focus on the analysis of PAHs which are very important. Without a proper measurement for the amount of PAHs in the environment we will not be able to assess their impact. Among the chapters that focus on the analysis of PAHs the first two deal with pre analysis which are extraction and sample preparation. The others deal with PAH analytical techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Various chapters of this book were written by several scientists who have good experience in the field hence combining existing body of knowledge in the field with practical research findings. For instance, Dr. Mark Carls and Dr. Jeep Rice wrote on embryotoxicity which is mainly a result of their several years of study at NOAA Alaska. Prof. Philip Marrriot and his coauthors in their chapter on GC analysis of PAHs gave a great insight on the result of their research using GCxGC which they have been working on at Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences. Dr. Arbabi and his coauthors gave an insight on their research on bioremediation of PAHs in Iran. Dr. Hansen s chapter on Biomakers of PAHs exposure (coauthored by some of her colleagues) is a result of several years of research at the National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark. Toxicity, genotocity and Carcinogenicity of PAHs written by Dr. Delia of National Institute of Occupational Safety and Prevention, Rome had a slant of her research and findings on PAH contamination over several years. The chapter on sample preparation was written by Dr. Marvin of Environment Canada who has been involved in PAH research at the agency for some years. Prof. John Hardley and his coauthors wrote on PAH extraction which is the core of their research. Dr. Said of National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt gave a good insight on the effect of PAH contamination on marine life in the world with more emphasis on the Red Sea. Prof. Gonzalez and his colleagues gave an overview based on extensive experience on HPLC analysis of PAHs, while Prof. Chang of Taiwan National University (and his coauthors) explored all the relevant issues in PAH analysis using MECC. Prof. Coker and I reviewed the extensive literature on Toxicokinetics of PAHs and Structure Activity Relationship of the compounds. This book is certainly not exhaustive but all the chapters were written with sufficient relevant and recent references to help both advanced and intermediate audience get deeper insight on the subject. There are a number of materials on PAHs which have played important role in this book. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Ronald G. Harvey has been of great importance and provided initial reading for the first chapter of this book. I thank very much Prof. Zhendi Wang, who even though was not able to contribute to this book nominated a number of authors. Over these years of my research on PAHs, a number of people have played outstanding and prominent role, among them are Prof. Herbert Coker of University of Lagos and Prof. Pete Palmer of San Francisco State University. I thank very much Prof. Vincent Anigbogu, formerly at Clarke Atlanta University who was part of the initial plan for this book and who has encouraged and given important inputs throughout this period. Dr. Cornelius Uboh of University of Pennsylvania gave some useful insight for the book. I thank very much my colleagues at the University of Lagos especially Dr. Biodun Ayoola who read through some of the chapters and provided her kind input. I also wish to express my gratitude to some other scientists at the University of Lagos who are also seriously engaged in PAHs research namely Dr. Kehinde Olayinka and Prof. Babajide Alo, and so many colleagues and students with whom I have discussed this project.

Download or read book Xenobiotics in Urban Ecosystems written by Rishikesh Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-02 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides state-of-the-art knowledge on xenobiotics in urban ecosystems, addressing a wide range of related issues, such as xenobiotic types and chemical composition, environmental fate, remedial approaches, regulatory policies and socioeconomic impacts. The book incorporates theoretical and practical aspects pertaining to xenobiotics to assess their threat level in urban environments, while determining appropriate responses and remediation measures to curb harmful impacts and prevent future contaminations. The book will be of interest to soil scientists, ecological engineers, agriculturists, urban policymakers, students and researchers working in the field of urban agriculture and environmental sciences.

Download or read book A Handbook of Environmental Toxicology written by J.P.F. D'Mello and published by CABI. This book was released on 2019-12-04 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an international team of authors from a range of educational, medical and research establishments, this book is an essential reference for advanced students and researchers in the areas of environmental sciences, ecology, agriculture, environmental health and medicine, in addition to industry and government personnel responsible for environmental regulations and directives. A Handbook of Environmental Toxicology focuses on two key aspects: human disorders and ecotoxicology as affected by major toxins originating from biological sources and pollutants, as well as radiation generated spontaneously or as a result of anthropogenic activity. A diverse array of these potentially harmful agents regularly appear in the atmosphere, soil, water and food, compromising both human health and biodiversity in natural and managed ecosystems.

Download or read book Biodegradable Polymers written by Margarita del Rosario Salazar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-04-13 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic concepts on biodegradable biopolymer science are presented in this book, as well as techniques, analyses, standards, and essential criteria for the characterization of biodegradable materials obtained from biopolymers. The development and innovation of products and processes considering the environment are highlighted in this book. All of the applications described have been discussed from the point of view of sustainability. Additionally, this book highlights that biodegradability is a great burden when trying to replace, modify, and/or design existing products, and processes that are highly polluting. Finally, the present book concludes with reflections on the development of biopolymers in different areas, and some of their consequences depending on their biodegradability.

Download or read book Marine Extremes written by Erika Techera and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-14 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine extremes, as they are conceived of in this volume, encompass environments, activities, events and impacts. Extreme environments found in and around our oceans, including the deep sea and seabed as well as the frozen polar regions, are being seriously affected by both extreme behaviours (dumping and discharge of waste, illegal fishing and piracy) and extreme events (storms, tsunamis, extreme waves and marine heatwaves). The aim of this book is to highlight the multi-disciplinary knowledge and inputs needed to address marine extremes and thereafter to explore opportunities and current challenges. Safe and healthy oceans are important for economic, recreational and cultural activities, in addition to the maintenance of ecosystem services upon which we rely. This volume gathers a unique mix of researchers working on scientific aspects of biological ecosystems and physical processes together with social scientists exploring law and governance options, community preferences, cultural values, economic aspects and criminological drivers and approaches. The multi-disciplinary feature of this book breaks down barriers that arise between disparate fields of research so that integrated solutions to ocean challenges can be found. Overall, this book argues that if we are to achieve sustainable utilisation of our oceans and blue economy goals we must better understand, and respond to, the extreme environments, activities, events and impacts. The book is a valuable addition to the literature and will be of interest to researchers in marine science, ocean governance and natural resource economics, as well as to professionals and government officials concerned with marine policy and planning.

Download or read book Zero Waste Biorefinery written by Yogalakshmi Kadapakkam Nandabalan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-12 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of process, technologies and value added products such as high value biochemicals and biofuels produced from different waste biorefineries. The book is sectioned into four categories providing a comprehensive outlook about zero waste biorefinery and technologies associated with it. The emerging technologies that potentially put back the lignocellulosic waste, municipal solid waste and food waste into intrinsic recycling for production of high value biochemicals and bioenergy, along with associated challenges and opportunities are also included. The content also focuses on algal biorefineries leading to sustainable circular economy through production of broad spectrum of bioactive compounds, bioethanol, biobutanol, biohydrogen, biodiesel through integrated biorefinery approach. The volume also includes chapters on conversion technologies and mathematical models applied for process optimization. A sound foundation about the underlying principles of biorefineries and a up-to-date state-of-the-art based overview on the latest advances in terms of scientific knowledge, techno-economic developments and life cycle assessment methodologies of integrated waste biorefinery is provided. This volume will be of great interest to professionals, post-graduate students and policy makers involved in waste management, biorefineries, circular economy and sustainable development.

Download or read book PAHs written by Peter E. T. Douben and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-25 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or polyarenes, are one of the largest and most structurally diverse class of organic molecules known. High percentages of polyarenes, representing a wide range of molecular sizes and structural types, are present in coal tars and petroleum residues. The major sources of PAHs are crude oil, coal and oil shale. The fuels produced from these fossil sources constitute the primary source of energy for the industrial nations of the world, and the petrochemicals from these raw materials are the basis of the synthetic fibre and plastics industries. PAHs are however, widespread pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health must be monitored and controlled. This book will review and assess our scientific understanding of the ecological exposure and effects PAHs have in different environments and habitats. It will accomplish this by taking the recipients of the pollution in the environment as starting points and working its way back through pathways to access what is required for our understanding of effects and rationale for control. Although this book will concentrate on ecological exposure of PAHs, the general impacts of PAHs on human populations will be touched upon. It is thought to be the first book to focus on the ecological aspects of PAHs.

Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Pieter Gerrit Jan de Maagd and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Carcinogenic Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Andreas Luch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-08-22 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview on the molecular mode of action of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are by-products arising from incomplete combustion of organic matter that are frequently released into our environment, and thus are ubiquitously detectable. Many PAHs are strong carcinogens in rodent bioassays and have been linked to increased incidences of various types of cancer in humans. The present book covers all aspects of PAH-induced carcinogenesis; it is a collection of articles written by some of the most recognizable PAH researchers, reviewing the present knowledge in this field. The topics include: exposure to and biomonitoring of PAHs in the human population; metabolic activation of PAHs; genotoxicity and repair of PAH-induced DNA damage; and factors modulating individual susceptibility to the deleterious effects of PAHs. Contents:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Induced Carcinogenesis — An Introduction (A Luch)Metabolic Activation and Detoxification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (A Luch & W M Baird)Biomonitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons — Human Exposure (A Seidel)Macromolecular Adducts as Biomarkers of Human Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (D H Phillips)DNA Damage and Mutagenesis Induced by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (A Besaratinia & G P Pfeifer)Mechanisms of Repair of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Induced DNA Damage (H Naegeli & N E Geacintov)Aberrant Gene Expression and Cell Signalling/Epigenetic Effects Induced by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (P Steinberg)Indicator Assays for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Induced Genotoxicity (H Glatt)Tumorigenicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (S Amin & K El-Bayoumy)Genetic Susceptibility to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Induced Carcinogenesis (A Hirvonen)Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Induced Carcinogenesis — An Integrated View (A Luch) Readership: Graduate students, academics and researchers in toxicology, biochemistry, oncology and the life sciences. Keywords:PAH;Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Carcinogenesis;Genotoxicity

Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Auckland s Aquatic Environment written by Craig Depree and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biochemical Toxicology written by Muharrem Ince and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-07-29 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemical Toxicology - Heavy Metals and Nanomaterials provides an overview of biochemical contamination, nanomaterials and toxic metals, and measurement techniques. It explains and clarifies important studies and compares and develops new and groundbreaking measurement techniques in the fields of organic and inorganic pollution and nanoscience. It is highly recommended for professionals and readers interested in the environment and human health.

Download or read book Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds written by Lawrence B. Ebert and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents accounts of current research in polynuclear aromatic compounds, showing examples of studies both of pure compounds and of complex, fossil fuel related mixtures. Offers a thorough knowledge of aromatic chemistry through coverage of reduction, oxidation, and thermal reactions--including applications developed for both coal and petroleum materials. Featured topics include quantum chemical structure-reactivity relationships, spatial configurations of large polynuclear hydrocarbons, cyclophanes, and desulfurization of heterocycles. Scientists studying all aspects of the chemistry of polynuclear aromatics will discover important, pertinent information in this volume.

Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Hazards to Fish Wildlife and Invertebrates written by Ronald Eisler and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Environmental Management Four Volume Set written by Sven Erik Jorgensen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-13 with total page 3513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of an Outstanding Academic Title Award from CHOICE Magazine Encyclopedia of Environmental Management gives a comprehensive overview of environmental problems, their sources, their assessment, and their solutions. Through in-depth entries and a topical table of contents, readers will quickly find answers to questions about specific pollution and management issues. Edited by the esteemed Sven Erik Jørgensen and an advisory board of renowned specialists, this four-volume set shares insights from more than 500 contributors—all experts in their fields. The encyclopedia provides basic knowledge for an integrated and ecologically sound management system. Nearly 400 alphabetical entries cover everything from air, soil, and water pollution to agriculture, energy, global pollution, toxic substances, and general pollution problems. Using a topical table of contents, readers can also search for entries according to the type of problem and the methodology. This allows readers to see the overall picture at a glance and find answers to the core questions: What is the pollution problem, and what are its sources? What is the "big picture," or what background knowledge do we need? How can we diagnose the problem, both qualitatively and quantitatively, using monitoring and ecological models, indicators, and services? How can we solve the problem with environmental technology, ecotechnology, cleaner technology, and environmental legislation? How do we address the problem as part of an integrated management strategy? This accessible encyclopedia examines the entire spectrum of tools available for environmental management. An indispensable resource, it guides environmental managers to find the best possible solutions to the myriad pollution problems they face. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact us to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367 / (email) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062 / (email) [email protected]