Download or read book Operation Ranch Hand written by William A. Buckingham and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Southeast Asia Innovations and Policies for Mountainous Areas written by Holger L. Fröhlich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the findings of a long-term (2000-2014) interdisciplinary research project of the University of Hohenheim in collaboration with several universities in Thailand and Vietnam. Titled Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Mountainous Areas in Southeast Asia, or the Uplands Program, the project aims to contribute through agricultural research to the conservation of natural resources and the improvement of living conditions of the rural population in the mountainous regions of Southeast Asia. Having three objectives the book first aims to give an interdisciplinary account of the drivers, consequences and challenges of ongoing changes in mountainous areas of Southeast Asia. Second, the book describes how innovation processes can contribute to addressing these challenges and third, how knowledge creation to support change in policies and institutions can assist in sustainably develop mountain areas and people’s livelihoods.
Download or read book Health Effects and Pesticide Perception as Determinants of Pesticide Use written by Susmita Dasgupta and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In a recent survey of 820 Boro (winter rice), potato, bean, eggplant, cabbage, sugarcane, and mango farmers in Bangladesh, over 47 percent of farmers were found to be overusing pesticides. With only 4 percent of farmers formally trained in pesticide use or handling, and over 87 percent openly admitting to using little or no protective measures while applying pesticides, overuse is potentially a threatening problem to farmer health as well as the environment. To model pesticide overuse, the authors used a 3-equation, trivariate probit framework, with health effects and misperception of pesticide risk as endogenous dummy variables. Health effects (the first equation) were found to be strictly a function of the amount of pesticides used in production, while misperception of pesticide risk (the second equation) was determined by health impairments from pesticides and the toxicity of chemicals used. Pesticide overuse (the third equation) was significantly determined by variation in income, farm ownership, the toxicity of chemicals used, crop composition, and geographical location. The results highlight the necessity for policymakers to design effective and targeted outreach programs that deal specifically with pesticide risk, safe handling, and averting behavior. Ideally, the approach would be participatory in nature to address key informational gaps, as well as increasing a farmers' awareness retention. The results also point to specific crops and locations experiencing a higher prevalence of overuse-bean and eggplant in general-and overall production in the districts of Chapainawabganj, Chittagong, Comilla, Jessore, Narshingdi, Rajshahi, and Rangpur. Focusing efforts in these crop and geographical areas may have the most measurable effects on pesticide overuse. "--World Bank web site.
Download or read book The Economics of Integrated Pest Control in Irrigated Rice written by Hermann Waibel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of the green revolution, the use of yield-increasing inputs such as fer tilizer and pesticides became a matter of course in irrigated rice farming in Southeast Asia. Pesticides were applied liberally, both as a guarantee against crop failure and as a means of fully utilizing the existing yield potential of the crops. However, since outbreaks of pests, such as the brown planthopper (BPH) or the tungro virus, continued to occur despite the application of chemicals, a change of approach began to take place. It is now being realized more and more in Southeast Asia that crop protection problems cannot be resolved solely by the application of chemicals. In the past several years, increasing efforts have there fore been made to introduce, as a first step, supervised crop protection, leading gradually to integrated pest management (Kranz, 1982). Although the crop protection problems naturally differ in the different devel oping countries in Southeast Asia, the economic situation prevailing in these countries can nevertheless be regarded as an important common determinant: pesticide imports use up scarce foreign currency and thus compete with other imports essential to development. For the individual rice farmer, the problem is basically the same: his cash funds are limited and he must carefully weigh whether to use them for purchas ing pesticides, fertilizer or certified seed. In view of this constraint, it is becom ing necessary to abandon the purely prophylactic, routine calendar spraying and instead, employ critically timed and need-based pesticide applications.
Download or read book Studies on IPM Policy in SE Asia written by Jan H. Oudejans and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) became a widely supported approach in the control of pests and diseases in crops. This study describes IPM policy and implementation, a.o. by the FAO Inter-Country Programme for the Development and Application of IPM in Rice in S and SE Asia in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand.
Download or read book Pesticides in Southeast Asia written by Peter Kunstadter and published by Silkworm Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This much-needed collection of research by international and multidisciplinary experts explores the economic, environmental, and health benefits, as well as harmful consequences, of pesticide use in Thailand and elsewhere in Southeast Asia. Population growth, the expansion of world trade, increased demands for quantity and quality of agricultural and other commodities, and the need to control vector-borne diseases over the past sixty years have given rise to a proliferation of synthetic chemical pesticides in both developed and developing nations. Since the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring in 1962, the easily perceived immediate benefits of pesticides have been tempered by concerns about their more subtle long-term environmental and health consequences. The use of pesticides is often justified as beneficial in economic terms, but the amounts and allocations of the direct and indirect costs have come into question. The book includes descriptions of pests and the pesticides used to control them. Authors give several perspectives on questions of safety, cost, and benefit for the environment, economy, and public health. Representatives of pesticide and commodity producers argue for the low-risk benefits of pesticides if they are properly used; research scientists present information on health and environmental consequences of the actual patterns of use by farmers; economists present data on costs and their allocation; and development agency representatives describe methods of reducing hazards through farmers' field schools and integrated pest management, and discuss the procedures and problems of international control of pesticides.
Download or read book Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 3 million U.S. military personnel were sent to Southeast Asia to fight in the Vietnam War. Since the end of the Vietnam War, veterans have reported numerous health effects. Herbicides used in Vietnam, in particular Agent Orange have been associated with a variety of cancers and other long term health problems from Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes to heart disease. Prior to 1997 laws safeguarded all service men and women deployed to Vietnam including members of the Blue Navy. Since then, the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) has established that Vietnam veterans are automatically eligible for disability benefits should they develop any disease associated with Agent Orange exposure, however, veterans who served on deep sea vessels in Vietnam are not included. These "Blue Water Navy" veterans must prove they were exposed to Agent Orange before they can claim benefits. At the request of the VA, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) examined whether Blue Water Navy veterans had similar exposures to Agent Orange as other Vietnam veterans. Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure comprehensively examines whether Vietnam veterans in the Blue Water Navy experienced exposures to herbicides and their contaminants by reviewing historical reports, relevant legislation, key personnel insights, and chemical analysis to resolve current debate on this issue.
Download or read book Pesticide monitoring programme in Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-07-23 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the objective of developing a guide for the countries in the ASEAN, a questionnaire was circulated among them to assess the status of their pesticide monitoring programs. Many countries around the globe have adopted a pesticide risk management framework which incorporates a range of functions and activities including pesticide registration, MRL setting, approval of a pesticide product label, farmer education, pesticide control-of-use regulation, food traceability, verification of good agricultural practice, national residue monitoring programmes, facilitation of trade and market access, traceback investigation and pesticide review. The frameworks tend to be operated as a continuum seeking ongoing improvement in good agricultural practice and enhancements to food safety. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO), Codex Alimentarius, and members recognize the need for a comprehensive framework for pesticide residue management though science-based risk assessment, management and communication. Member countries recognize that a sound pesticide residue framework does not rely only on residue monitoring but it importantly includes at the very least pesticide registration, chemical control-of-use, traceback investigation and a chemical review process. In consultation with the ASEAN Health Cluster 4: Ensuring Food Safety, these findings are the result of a meeting occurred on 25 August 2020 and it elaborates the responses from a questionnaire to assess the situation responses to the comprehensive questionnaire issued on 12 September 2020.
Download or read book Neem Pesticides in Rice written by Guan Soon Lim and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1994 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional and modern perspectives of neem; Using neem to controle pests; Effects of neem on montarget organisms; Socioeconomics of neem; Neem use in integrated pes management; Botanical pesticides other than neem; Lessons leamed and the next steps.
Download or read book International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding that some pesticides are more hazardous than others is well established. Recognition of this is reflected by the World Health Organization (WHO) Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard, which was first published in 1975. The document classifies pesticides in one of five hazard classes according to their acute toxicity. In 2002, the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) was introduced, which in addition to acute toxicity also provides classification of chemicals according to their chronic health hazards and environmental hazards.
Download or read book Agricultural research in Southeast Asia A cross country analysis of resource allocation performance and impact on productivity written by Stads, Gert-Jan and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Southeast Asia made considerable progress in building and strengthening its agricultural R&D capacity during 2000–2017. All of the region’s countries reported higher numbers of agricultural researchers, improvements in their average qualification levels, and higher shares of women participating in agricultural R&D. In contrast, regional agricultural research spending remained stagnant, despite considerable growth in agricultural output over time. As a result, Southeast Asia’s agricultural research intensity—that is, agricultural research spending as a share of agricultural GDP—steadily declined from 0.50 percent in 2000 to just 0.33 percent in 2017. Although the extent of underinvestment in agricultural research differs across countries, all Southeast Asian countries invested below the levels deemed attainable based on the analysis summarized in this report. The region will need to increase its agricultural research investment substantially in order to address future agricultural production challenges more effectively and ensure productivity growth. Southeast Asia’s least developed agricultural research systems (Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar) are characterized by low scientific output and researcher productivity as a direct consequence of severe underfunding and lack of sufficient well-qualified research staff. While Malaysia and Thailand have significantly more developed agricultural research systems, they still report key inefficiencies and resource constraints that require attention. Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam occupy intermediate positions between these two groups of high- and low-performing agricultural research systems. Growing national economies, higher disposable incomes, and changing consumption patterns will prompt considerable shifts in levels of agricultural production, consumption, imports, and exports across Southeast Asia over the next 20 to 30 years. The resource-allocation decisions that governments make today will affect agricultural productivity for decades to come. Governments therefore need to ensure the research they undertake is responsive to future challenges and opportunities, and aligned with strategic development and agricultural sector plans. ASTI’s projections reveal that prioritizing investment in staple crops will still trigger fastest agricultural productivity growth in Laos. However, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam could achieve faster growth over the next 30 years by prioritizing investment in research focused on fruit, vegetables, livestock, and aquaculture. In Cambodia, Myanmar, and Thailand, the choice between focusing on staple crops versus high-value commodities was less pronounced, but projections did indicate that prioritizing investments in oil crop research would trigger significantly lower growth in agricultural productivity.
Download or read book Veterans and Agent Orange written by Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-15 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have U.S. military personnel experienced health problems from being exposed to Agent Orange, its dioxin contaminants, and other herbicides used in Vietnam? This definitive volume summarizes the strength of the evidence associating exposure during Vietnam service with cancer and other health effects and presents conclusions from an expert panel. Veterans and Agent Orange provides a historical review of the issue, examines studies of populations, in addition to Vietnam veterans, environmentally and occupationally exposed to herbicides and dioxin, and discusses problems in study methodology. The core of the book presents What is known about the toxicology of the herbicides used in greatest quantities in Vietnam. What is known about assessing exposure to herbicides and dioxin. What can be determined from the wide range of epidemiological studies conducted by different authorities. What is known about the relationship between exposure to herbicides and dioxin, and cancer, reproductive effects, neurobehavioral disorders, and other health effects. The book describes research areas of continuing concern and offers recommendations for further research on the health effects of Agent Orange exposure among Vietnam veterans. This volume will be critically important to both policymakers and physicians in the federal government, Vietnam veterans and their families, veterans organizations, researchers, and health professionals.
Download or read book Biopesticides and Pest Management written by Opender Koul and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributed papers presented earlier at a conference.
Download or read book International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management written by Food and Agriculture Organization and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines are a complete revision of the outdated Guidelines for Legislation on the Control of Pesticides [1989]. They are intended for Governments wishing to develop, review, update or strengthen national legislation for the control of pesticides. These serve as a reference for the preparation or review of pesticide legislation and cover all specific elements of such legislation. They describe specific requirements for all stages of the pesticide life-cycle, from manufacturing to use or disposal.
Download or read book The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.
Download or read book Socioeconomics of Rice aquaculture and IPM in the Philippines written by Gesa Horstkotte-Wesseler and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1999 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Organophosphate Insecticides and Herbicides written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of some organophosphate insecticides and herbicides, including diazinon, glyphosate, malathion, parathion, and tetrachlorvinphos. Diazinon acts on a wide range of insects on crops, gardens, livestock, and pets, but most uses have been restricted in the USA, Canada, and the European Union since the 1980s. Glyphosate is the most heavily used agricultural and residential herbicide in the world, and has been detected in soil, air, surface water, and groundwater, as well as in food. Malathion is one of the oldest and most widely used organophosphate insecticides, and has a broad spectrum of applications in agriculture and public health, notably mosquito control. The insecticide parathion has been largely banned or restricted throughout the world due to toxicity to wildlife and humans. Tetrachlorvinphos is banned in the European Union, but continues to be used in the USA and elsewhere as an insecticide on animals, including in pet flea collars. The IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of these agents.
