Download or read book Pervious Concrete Physical Characteristics and Effectiveness in Stormwater Pollution Reduction written by Say Kee Ong and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research was to investigate the physical/chemical and water flow characteristics of various previous concrete mixes made of different concrete materials and their effectiveness in attenuating water pollution. Four pervious concrete mixes were prepared with Portland cement and with 15% cementitious materials (slag, limestone powder, and fly ash) as a Portland cement replacement. All four pervious concrete mixtures had acceptable workability. The unit weight of the fresh pervious concrete mixtures ranged from 115.9 lb/yd3 to 119.6 lb/yd3, while the 28 day compressive strength of the pervious concrete mixes ranged from 1858 psi (mix with 15% slag) to 2285 psi (pure cement mix). The compressive strength generally increased with unit weight and decreased with total porosity (air void ratio). The permeability of the four mixes generally decreased with unit weight and increased with total porosity. The permeability coefficients ranged from 340 in./hr for the pure cement mix to 642 in./hr for the mix with 15% slag. The total porosities of the four pervious concrete mixes ranged from 24.00% (mix with 15% slag) to 31.41% (pure cement mix) as measured by the flatbed scanner test method, while the porosities ranged from 18.93% (mix with 15% slag) to 24.15% (pure cement mix) as measured by the RapidAir method. The total porosities of the four pervious concrete mixes measured by the flatbed scanner method were higher than those measured by the Rapid Air method, but the specific surface areas measured by the flatbed scanner method were all lower than those measured by the Rapid Air method. For the pollution abatement experiments, mixes with fly ash and limestone powder removed about 30% of the input naphthalene concentration, while the mix with slag only removed 0.5% of the influent naphthalene concentration. The water volume balance showed that less than 1% of the water added was retained in the experimental column setup.

Download or read book Report on Pervious Concrete written by ACI Committee 522 and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report provides technical information on pervious concrete's application, design methods, materials, properties, mixture proportioning, construction methods, testing, and inspection. The term 'pervious concrete' typically describes a near-zero-slump, open-graded material consisting of portland cement, coarse aggregate, little or no fine aggregate, admixtures, and water." [p. 1]

Download or read book Treating Acid Mine Drainage with Pervious Concrete and Quantifying the Impacts of Urban Stormwater N P Ratio on Harmful Algal Blooms written by Samuel M. Riekert and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polluted water is a pressing burden for civilization. Management and treatment of polluted water is a costly but necessary process for the health of the environment and the humans that live in it. Demand for novel, inexpensive, and effective treatment options is constant, and further insight on their use and impacts are as important as ever for our changing world. Two such sources of polluted water are analyzed in this document: acid mine drainage and urban stormwater runoff. Acid mine drainage (AMD), a negative consequence of the mining industry resulting from interaction between water, oxygen, and exposed bedrock, is prevalent worldwide and requires expensive and perpetual treatment. The Wilds, an animal reserve in southeastern Ohio situated on a retired strip mine site, has partnered with OSU to address AMD discharging into streams and ponds on its property. Pervious concrete has shown potential in neutralizing AMD, and this study was developed to determine the effectiveness of pervious concrete at removing heavy metals and neutralizing acid from an AMD source. Using various mix designs of pervious concrete, the individual removal behavior of aluminum, manganese, iron, and copper from natural and synthetic AMD sources was tracked. Pervious concrete cylinders were also used to model the length of a permeable reactive barrier to treat field-scale AMD. Furthermore, acid neutralization ability and durability of six concrete mixes were tested when exposed to a year of acidic conditions. Experimentation revealed the concrete removes >95% of aluminum, iron and copper, and ~30% of manganese in natural AMD over 24 hours. Column testing indicated permeable reactive barriers of 4-8 meters in length are recommended to treat Al, Fe, and Cu. Pervious concrete compressive strength withstood a year of acid attack without significant decline, and results show a promising argument for the use of porous concrete in acid mine drainage treatment at field scale. Lakes and rivers represent tremendous assets in the state of Ohio, as they are used for recreation, tourism, drinking water sources, commerce, and to support fisheries. Upland areas, including agricultural and urban lands, result in substantial pollution discharge to surface waters during runoff events, including nutrients from fertilizer, manure, and other sources. One negative consequence of nutrients in runoff is harmful algal blooms (HABs), which may contain various toxins and utilize dissolved oxygen in the water, causing fish kills to occur. The strength and scope of HABs is related to the nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) ratio in runoff. Little is known about how urban land use and the presence or absence of stormwater control measures (SCMs) impacts the N:P ratio in stormwater. Two data sets were utilized to unpack these questions: (1) a land use and stormwater quality data set developed through field monitoring in the Dayton metropolitan area, and (2) the Blueprint Columbus data set which focused on green infrastructure in several watersheds in the Clintonville neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. Multi-family residential, commercial, and light industrial land uses had the largest (>25) TN:TP ratios, suggesting their runoff contributes to more toxic variations of algal blooms and that SCM retrofits in these watersheds should focus on N removal. Single-family residential, low-density residential, and heavy industrial had the most balanced TN:TP ratios, so runoff reduction to reduce overall nutrient load should be the focus of SCM retrofits in these watersheds. No significant changes to TN:TP ratio were observed after green infrastructure implementation or other infrastructure improvements (e.g., sanitary sewer lateral lining, downspout disconnection, and sump pump installation) in Columbus watersheds. As watersheds that received infrastructure retrofits were all single-family residential, no significant impact on N:P is not a negative result, suggesting retrofitted infrastructure removes N and P in a balanced manner.

Download or read book Stormwater Management written by Martin P. Wanielista and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1992-11-11 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for both students and practicing professionals, it addresses critical issues of water quality, focusing on the illustration and application of both hydrologic and economic water management techniques. Stresses applications using worked examples, case studies and problems. Software is to assist in solving more complex problems and to apply demonstrated techniques. The software discussed in the book is available for download at http://www.cee.ucf.edu/software/swm1993.zip

Download or read book Pervious Concrete Pavements written by Paul D. Tennis and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Durability Performance Related Test Methods for Pervious Concrete Pavement written by Sonia Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainability has become one of the most important design factors for pavement engineers over the last several years. Much of this focus has been on reducing material costs for pavement infrastructure by using innovative materials into traditional pavement design. Pervious concrete pavement has the ability to offset the typical requirement for stormwater management ponds for large paved areas. It can be considered as an alternative to impervious pavement systems as the open void structure of pervious concrete pavement allows water to infiltrate very quickly through it and join the natural ground water table. As a result, it does not disturb the natural hydrological cycle or increase the demand on the local stormwater management. Besides stormwater management, pervious concrete can also provide environmental and economic benefits such as removing water pollutants, reducing noise pollution, lowering the heat island effect, lowering light demand, and increasing driver safety through improved visibility. Pervious concrete pavement is receiving more and more interest recently due to the pressure by environmental agencies and environmental acts to reduce the quantity of stormwater runoff from urban areas. The introduction of pervious concrete pavements in cold weather climatic regions, specifically Canada, was driven by their sustainable benefits. However, there has been caution in the pavement industry to use pervious concrete in climates that experience freeze-thaw cycles. Literature shows that there is no dedicated test method to assess the performance of pervious concrete, which is structurally substantially different from conventional concrete pavements. The increased use of pervious concrete in roads, walkways, and parking lots demands improved specifications, performance criteria, and acceptance test methods for evaluating structural performance and durability of this innovative concrete product. The main objective of this research is to recommend specifications and performance criteria for pervious concrete based on the results of experimental investigations and field experience in Ontario, Canada. Above all, this study attempts to establish test procedures for evaluation of durability and performance of pervious concrete pavement. Initially the test methods available for conventional concrete were performed, the gaps were identified and the test methods were modified. Field samples were also collected and the modified test methods were performed on the field cores to define correlation between the laboratory and the field samples. Several pervious concrete field sites were constructed by the Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology (CPATT) at the University of Waterloo, the Cement Association of Canada, and several other industry members from 2007 to 2011. Initial results from this work have been published previously. This research described herein involved continued collection of drainage data from instruments such as the moisture gauge measurements, strain gauge at three sites that are still being monitored. This field/laboratory study provides insight into the longer term drainage performance of pervious concrete pavement. This study has also involved an evaluation of the latest mix design, which has also built upon previous research. In addition new test methods have been evaluated and now that the pervious test sections are more than seven years old, the longer term drainage monitoring has been assessed. Barriers to implementing this technology are being solved, as the research is assisting designers on the various functional and structural design aspects. In this research, a framework is also developed to identify how pervious concrete can be integrated into low-volume infrastructure for cold climate such as Canada.

Download or read book Evaluation of Mechanical and Hydrological Properties of Pervious Concrete for Use in Sidewalks in New Jersey written by Haiwen He and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Permeable concrete pavements have been increasing in popularity as a potential solution to reduce the amount of impermeable surface area associated with a project, reduce splash and spray on roadways, and reduce puddling for sidewalks. Permeable concrete pavement systems can potentially eliminate the need for conventional drainage systems. As important as these benefits are to surface runoff mitigation, there are concerns with the service life and structural strength of pervious concrete. The composition and structure of pervious concrete creates limitations to its mechanical strength properties and some challenges in its maintenance to achieve the expected service life. The performance of pervious concrete pavements is relevant to its geographical location and application as well. Eleven different pervious concrete mix designs were evaluated, including commercially available mixes and laboratory mixes. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural stiffness, tensile strength, and elastic modulus were measured. Shrinkage and freeze-thaw resistance were also tested. By modifying mix proportions, aggregate sizes and types in the pervious concrete mix designs, the observed changes in physical characteristics, mechanical properties, and hydrological properties were evaluated. Careful control of the mix design to provide proper workability within allowable transit times as well as the ability to withstand freeze-thaw, and modulus measurements were found to be important to creating successful field mixes from laboratory trials.

Download or read book Experimental Analysis to Study Nutrient Removal Efficiency in Pervious Concrete Using Iron Filings and Wollastonite written by Haithem Aboujrad and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pervious Concrete Pavement System (PCPS) is widely used as a Best Management Practice to reduce stormwater runoff and enhance water quality. Studies have reported that PCPS has a potential to remove pollutants; however, limited research has been performed to investigate the effectiveness of nutrient removal from water collected by PCPS. In this research study, laboratory experimental investigations were performed to develop pervious concrete mixtures that have potential to absorb and precipitate Nitrate and Phosphate flushed by urban stormwater runoff. Four concrete mixtures were studied experimentally; a proportion of 9% and 15% of the coarse aggregate substituted by weight with iron filings and a proportion of 6% and 8% of the coarse aggregate substituted by weight with wollastonite. In addition, a fifth mixture was developed consisting of conventional PCPS with iron filings layer set underneath the pervious concrete. PCPS specimens were cast as cylinders to perform the experiments. Water containing dissolved phosphates and nitrates was let to infiltrate through the specimens in three controlled contact time conditions between water and specimens. The contact time conditions were 60 hours, 18 hours, and free flow which is a time equal to the permeability rate of pervious concrete. For each contact time condition, 30 consecutive cycles of seeded water was introduced to infiltrate through the pervious concrete specimens. Chemical analysis of the influent and effluent was performed repeatedly every fifth cycle including cycle number one to determine nutrient concentrations and assess the effectiveness of nutrient retention within the pervious concrete over the 30 cycles of repeated flows. Incorporating a layer of iron filings under the PCPS showed significant removal efficiency of dissolve phosphate within the system. Results indicate that pervious concrete with 1 inch iron filings layer set at the base can capture an average of 56.8% with contact time of 60 hours, 55.3% with contact time of 18 hours, and 58.5% with free flow condition. Experimental analysis indicates that the system still has the capability to retain more phosphate and it was not exhausted after 30 cycles of repeated flows of contaminated water. Statistical analysis supported the experimental results and concluded that the difference between the population means of influent and effluent concentrations is statistically significant. Moreover, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found that specimens with 1 inch layer of iron filings at the base have statistically significantly different mean results than all other specimens in all contact time conditions. Phosphate retention of specimens with 9% of coarse aggregate substituted by weight with iron filings and specimens with 6% of coarse aggregate substituted by weight with wollastonite showed mean retention efficiency of 33.6% and 35.2% in 60 hours contact time condition respectively. The two mixtures had the most effective removal efficiency among other mixtures that has media integrated within the pervious concrete mixture. Both mixtures show significant improvement by comparing influent and effluent concentrations; in addition, the mixtures retained significant amount of phosphate mass comparing with control specimens. Statistical analysis indicated that mean influent concentration is statistically significantly greater than the mean effluent concentration of the two mixtures. No nitrate removal was detected at the beginning from the mixture with 9% of coarse aggregate substituted by weight with iron filings and the mixture with 6% of coarse aggregate substituted by weight with wollastonite. Retention efficiency was then improved in the subsequent cycles. Sudden increase in the removal efficiency was observed in cycles 25 and 30. Control mixture show approximately similar results of those mixtures with supplementary materials. No enhancements observed by integrating iron filings or wollastonite into the PCPS in respond to excess nitrate.

Download or read book Porous Pavements written by Bruce Ferguson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-02-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pavements are the most ubiquitous of all man-made structures, and they have an enormous impact on environmental quality. They are responsible for hydrocarbon pollutants, excess runoff, groundwater decline and the resulting local water shortages, temperature increases in the urban "heat island," and for the ability of trees to extend their roots in

Download or read book Pervious Concrete Mixture Proportions for Improved Freeze Thaw Durability written by J. T. Kevern and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent stormwater management regulations from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and greater emphasis on sustainable development has increased interest in pervious pavement as a method for reducing stormwater runoff and improving stormwater quality. Pervious concrete is one of several pervious pavement systems that can be used to reduce stormwater runoff and treat stormwater on site. Pervious concrete systems have been used and are being proposed for all parts of the United States, including northern climates where severe freezing and thawing can occur. The purpose of the research is to develop pervious concrete mixtures that have sufficient porosity for stormwater infiltration along with desirable porosity, strength, and freeze-thaw durability. In this research, concrete mixtures were developed with single-sized river gravel aggregate (4.75 mm) and constant binder contents, together with high range water reducer. River sand was used as a replacement for up to 7 % coarse aggregate. Two different types of polypropylene fibers (a shorter fibrillated variable-length and a longer fibrillated single-length) were incorporated at several addition rates from 0 to 0.1 % by volume of concrete. The engineering properties of the aggregate were evaluated along with the porosity, permeability, strength, and freeze-thaw durability of selected concrete mixtures. The results indicate that the use of sand and fibers provided beneficial effects on pervious concrete properties, including increased strength, maintained or improved permeability, and enhanced freeze-thaw resistance.

Download or read book Urban Stormwater Management in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.

Download or read book Pervious Concrete with Titanium Dioxide as a Photocatalyst Compound for a Greener Urban Road Environment written by Maria Christina Burton and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Alkali Activated Cements Mortars and Concretes written by F. Pacheco-Torgal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an updated state-of-the-art review on new developments in alkali-activation. The main binder of concrete, Portland cement, represents almost 80% of the total CO2 emissions of concrete which are about 6 to 7% of the Planet’s total CO2 emissions. This is particularly serious in the current context of climate change and it could get even worse because the demand for Portland cement is expected to increase by almost 200% by 2050 from 2010 levels, reaching 6000 million tons/year. Alkali-activated binders represent an alternative to Portland cement having higher durability and a lower CO2 footprint. Reviews the chemistry, mix design, manufacture and properties of alkali-activated cement-based concrete binders Considers performance in adverse environmental conditions. Offers equal emphasis on the science behind the technology and its use in civil engineering.

Download or read book The Properties of Porous Concrete written by Chunqi Lian and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Engineering written by Myer Kutz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide for both fundamentals and real-world applications of environmental engineering Written by noted experts, Handbook of Environmental Engineering offers a comprehensive guide to environmental engineers who desire to contribute to mitigating problems, such as flooding, caused by extreme weather events, protecting populations in coastal areas threatened by rising sea levels, reducing illnesses caused by polluted air, soil, and water from improperly regulated industrial and transportation activities, promoting the safety of the food supply. Contributors not only cover such timely environmental topics related to soils, water, and air, minimizing pollution created by industrial plants and processes, and managing wastewater, hazardous, solid, and other industrial wastes, but also treat such vital topics as porous pavement design, aerosol measurements, noise pollution control, and industrial waste auditing. This important handbook: Enables environmental engineers to treat problems in systematic ways Discusses climate issues in ways useful for environmental engineers Covers up-to-date measurement techniques important in environmental engineering Reviews current developments in environmental law for environmental engineers Includes information on water quality and wastewater engineering Informs environmental engineers about methods of dealing with industrial and municipal waste, including hazardous waste Designed for use by practitioners, students, and researchers, Handbook of Environmental Engineering contains the most recent information to enable a clear understanding of major environmental issues.

Download or read book Pavement Drainage Theory and Practice written by G L Sivakumar Babu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-26 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SUMMARY This book provides complete coverage of surface and subsurface drainage of all types of pavements for highways, urban roads, parking lots, airports, and container terminals. It provides up-to-date information on the principles and technologies for designing and building drainage systems and examines numerous issues, including maintenance and designing for flood events. Practical considerations and sophisticated analysis, such the use of the finite element method and unsaturated soil mechanics, anisotropy and uncertainties, are presented. This book allows civil engineers to make the best use of their resources to provide cost effective and sustainable pavements. Features Presents a holistic consideration of drainage with respect to pavement performance. Includes numerous practical case studies. Examines flooding and the impacts of climate change. Includes PowerPoint slides which include quizzes, schematics, figures, and tables.

Download or read book An Introduction to Permeable Concrete Pavement for Professional Engineers written by J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A. and published by Guyer Partners. This book was released on 2023-11-18 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory technical guidance for civil engineers and other professional engineers and construction managers interested in permeable concrete pavements. Here is what is discussed: 1. BACKGROUND, 2. DESIGN, 3. CONSTRUCTION, 4. MAINTENANCE, 5. PERFORMANCE, 6. REFERENCES.